Objective To evaluate the difference of internal diameter of bronchial artery in big lung cancer,small lung cancer,and normal lung with multiple slice CT.Methods MSCT angiographies of 44 patients with lung cancer confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed,and 29 patients were with big lung cancer(≥3 cm)and 15 patients with small lung cancer(

OBJECTIVETo study mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C, D) genes in breast carcinoma and its effect on prognosis.

METHODSThe mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C, D) genes in 61 cases of primary breast carcinoma and 29 cases of benign mammary lesions was detected by TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) technology. The correlation between mRNA expression and various clinicopathologic parameters and survival data was analyzed.

RESULTSThe level of mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C) genes was significantly higher in primary breast carcinomas (2.79 +/- 1.31 and 3.33 +/- 0.88 respectively) than in benign mammary lesions (1.59 +/- 1.35 and 2.76 +/- 0.55 respectively, P = 0.000 and 0.002 respectively). The percentage of VEGF-D mRNA expression was 73.77% in breast carcinomas, as compared to 51.72% in benign mammary lesions (P = 0.038). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of VEGF-D gene between primary breast carcinomas and benign mammary lesions (P = 0.683). On the other hand, the ratio of VEGF-D mRNA expression to VEGF-C mRNA expression was lower in lymph node-positive than in lymph node-negative cases. This also correlated with the occurrence of nodal metastasis by uni- and multivariate analysis (P(uni) = 0.046 and P(mult) = 0.062). High mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C) genes was associated with poor disease-free survival (P = 0.030 and 0.044 respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of VEGF-(A, C, D) genes may play a role in the disease progression of breast carcinoma. The ratio of VEGF-D mRNA expression to VEGF-C mRNA expression correlates with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma. The mRNA expression of VEGF-(A, C) genes may serve as a useful prognostic indicator in breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D ; genetics

Objective:To investigate the serum Vitamin A level of 2-6 years old children in Shenyang kindergarden. Method:A total of 2 000 children aged 2-6 years old in Shenyang kindergarden were selected. And fluorescence micro spectrophotometry was used to detect. Results:Serum Vitamin A level of 2 000 children fluctuated at 0.700-1.751μmol/L,the mean was (1.074±0.257)μmol/L. There was no vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and sub-Vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) . The incidence of suspect SVAD was 52.7%. Conclusions:VAD and SVAD may be eradicated in 2-6 years old in Shenyang kindergarden, but there is increasing tendency in suspect SVAD. Decreasing and eradicating susptect SVAD is important work of our current and next step.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of surgical treatment of single atrium.

METHODSFrom August 1984 to August 2004, there were 33 patients with single atrium in our study. Plastic surgery for mitral valves were performed for 30 cases with mitral insufficiency. Plastic surgery for tricuspid valves were performed for 18 cases with tricuspid valve insufficiency. There were 3 cases only with complete absence of atrial septum. There were 14 cases with left superior vena cava. All new atrial septums were made with patches including 24 autologous pericardial patches and 9 terylene patches. Complicate abnormalities were corrected in the same time. Tow suture techniques were used in operations to prevent conductive system block, and plastic surgery for mitral valves were performed until the mitral valves were sufficiency.

RESULTSThere weren't death and conductive system block after operation in the group. One case was low-grade mitral insufficiency and the others weren't mitral insufficiency. Twenty-five cases were followed up from 3 months to 11 years, and they could work and study normally.

CONCLUSIONSSingle atrium should be operated as early as possible. The key of surgery is to prevent conductive system block, to properly correct mitral insufficiency and to drastically correct complicated abnormality. The new atrial septum should be made by patch and an autologous pericardial patch is the first selection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of 2A-1-1 (purified component from Panax notoginsengs saponins) on the aggregation of and Ca2+ influx into human platelets.

METHODSThe aggregation of platelets was tested by nephelometry, Fura-2 fluorescent technique was used for detecting cell [Ca2+]i. The effects of 2A-1-1, nifedipine and SK&F96365 on Ca(2+) influx into human platelets induced by ADP or CPA were observed separately.

RESULTSNifedipine (< 20 micromol/L) could not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP or the Ca(2+) influx induced by ADP or CPA. SK&F96365 at 20 micromol/L could inhibit the maximal aggregation of platelets induced by ADP with a inhibitory rate of 59.83%, at 15 micromol/L could inhibit the Ca2+ influx induced by CPA or ADP. 2A-1-1 (5, 10 and 20 micromol/L) could inhibit the maximal aggregation of platelets induced by ADP with the inhibitory rates of 47.06%, 53.47% and 71.52%, respectively. 2A-1-1 at 10 and 20 micromol/L could inhibit the Ca2+ influx induced by CPA or ADP.

CONCLUSIONS2A-1-1 can inhibit platelets aggregation, block the ROC (Receptor-dependent Ca2+ channels) and inhibit Ca2+ influx of human platelets.

Adenosine Diphosphate ; pharmacology ; Adult ; Blood Platelets ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Male ; Nifedipine ; pharmacology ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on pulmonary vascular resistance in patients after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC).

METHODSFifty-two patients after TCPC were evaluated, of them 24 patients were administered with inhaled nitric oxide in the early postoperative period. The cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were compared before and after inhaled NO.

RESULTSIn experimental group, after inhaled NO, partial pressure of oxygen in artery/fraction of inspired oxygen increased from 161 +/- 17 to 193 +/- 23 (t = 2.75, P < 0.01); CI from (2.86 +/- 0.24) L.min(-1).m(-2) to (3.13 +/- 0.22) L.min(-1).m(-2) (t = 2.25, P < 0.05); PVR decreased from (4.2 +/- 0.5) U/m(2) to (3.8 +/- 1.4) U/m(2) (t = 2.29, P < 0.05); central venous pressure (CVP) from (17.0 +/- 1.8) mm Hg to (15.0 +/- 1.1) mm Hg, decreased 11.7%. Compared with the control group, respirator time decreased from (86 +/- 27) h to (54 +/- 18) h (t = 2.29, P < 0.05); ICU time from (6 +/- 2) d to (4 +/- 2) d (t = 2.32, P < 0.05); But hydrothorax drainage and length of stay had no significant difference.

CONCLUSIONSThough inhaled NO, there is no significant long-term effects in patients after TCPC, but it may play an important role in the management of low cardiac output syndrome and high cava pressure caused by reactive elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in the early postoperative period of TCPC.

Administration, Inhalation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical ; methods ; Cardiac Output ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Period ; Pulmonary Artery ; physiology ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Venae Cavae ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study cardiopulmonary physiology during exercise in patients after extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection (ECTCPC).

METHODSTwenty-six patients were studied after ECTCPC by exercise testing with bicycle treadmill protocol. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory frequency (RF) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) were measured continuously; twenty-six patients suffered from Fallot 4 underwent biventricular repair were also studied as control group.

RESULTSIn ECTCPC group, HR, BP, SpO(2) and RF all increased with exercise below 3 grade; when exceed 4 grade, BP, SpO(2) decreased and RF kept increasing. Compared with control group, HR, RF were higher (t = 2.13, P < 0.05; t = 2.31, P < 0.05), SpO(2) was lower (t = 2.46, P < 0.05) under the quiescent condition; When exceed 3 grade, HR, BP, SpO(2) decreased more significantly, but RF increased continuously. In fenestration group after ECTCPC, HR reached the top at 5 grades, but in group without fenestration it reached the top at 3 grades; In the whole process of exercising, RF kept higher and SpO(2) kept lower in fenestration group.

CONCLUSIONSThe ECTCPC patients showed obviously exercise limitation. Totally bypass of sinoatrial node in this operation may have some adverse effects on the integer regulation of HR.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fontan Procedure ; methods ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Endurance ; physiology ; Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience of surgical treatment of secundum atrial septal defects in adults over 30 years old.

METHODSThere were 469 patients with secundum atrial septal defects in our study (male 144, female 325; ages 30-68, mean 38.6 years old). There were 105 cases with pulmonary hypertension and 458 cases with arrhythmia in the group. Surgical closure of defects were performed in all patients. Surgical closure of 358 cases were done by patches including 305 autologous pericardial patches. The low dose (6 x 10(-6)) nitric oxide inhalation was used in 25 postoperative patients with pulmonary hypertension. Right sided maze procedures were done in 5 cases with atrial fibrillation.

RESULTSSurgical mortality was 0.6% (3 cases), the others were healed. In the group, there were 180 cases with arrhythmia, 27 cases with left ventricular function amyoplasia, 28 cases with low cardiac output syndrome, 12 cases in secondary operation for bleeding and 1 case with air-embolism. The level of mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 postoperative patients with pulmonary hypertension inhaled nitric oxide was down 28.5%. After right sided maze procedures were done in 5 cases with atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation disappeared. 352 cases were followed up from 3 months to 20 years (mean 5.6 years). Twenty-nine cases were in class I-II of cardiac function, and the others were better than class I of cardiac function.

CONCLUSIONSAtrial septal defects in adult should be operated as early as possible. When patch is needed, an autologous pericardial patch is the first selection. Inhaled nitric oxide is an effective method to postoperative pulmonary hypertension. The maze operation should be performed for atrial septal defect with atrial fibrillation while the surgical closure of defect was done. During and after operation, much attention should be paid to preventing and curing arrhythmia and protecting and supporting left heart function.

Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; surgery ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; therapeutic use ; Postoperative Complications ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; complications ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience in surgical treatment of residual shunt after repair of ventricular septal defect and investigate the position of the residual shunts.

METHODSBetween January 1979 and May 2003, re-operations on residual shunt after repair of ventricular septal defect were performed in 37 patients with congenital heart disease including ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle in 19, 17 and 1 patients, respectively. It accounted for 0.21% (37/18000) of open heart operations performed during these years. The patients included 26 males and 11 females with age from 3 months to 53 years (mean 16 +/- 12 years). The residual shunt was diagnosed by postoperative murmur and echocardiography. Twenty-six cases were repaired with patch and 11 cases were closed directly with mattresses sutures.

RESULTSTwo patients (2/37, 5%) died within 48 hrs postoperatively. The results in other 35 patients followed up after surgery from 3 months to 15 years were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSMost of the residual shunts occurred in base of septal leaflet of tricuspid valve, the second and the first transfer suture respectively. Effects of reoperations on residual shunts were satisfactory.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double Outlet Right Ventricle ; surgery ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; surgery