AIM: To analyze the effect of myopic adolescents wearing orthokeratology lens on the corneal surface curvature radius and anterior chamber depth.METHODS: Totally 120 cases of adolescent myopia were selected, among them 58 cases with 116 eyes were divided into 11-14 years old group and 62 cases with 124 eyes were 15-18 years old group according to the age.They were treated with long-term orthokeratology lens treatment, and two groups of patients were observed before wearing lens(T0), wearing for 6mo (T1), 12mo (T2) for uncorrected visual acuity, the average refractive degree improvement, the central corneal thickness, corneal curvature changes and the incidence of complications.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of the two groups at 12mo after wearing were better than that at 6mo which was better than that before wearing;the diopter had the same trend.The uncorrected visual acuity and the diopter of the 11-14 years old group at 6 and 12mo was better than those of 15-18 years old group with significant difference (P<0.05).The central corneal thickness of the two groups at 12mo after wearing were less than that at 6mo which was less than that before wearing.There was no significant difference of the central corneal thickness between the two groups at 6 and 12mo after wearing (P>0.05).The corneal anterior surface curvature of the two groups at 12mo after wearing were more than that at 6mo which was more than that before wearing.The axial length of the 11-14 years old group was longer than that of the 15-18 years old group with significant difference (P<0.05).There was no significant difference on the corneal posterior surface curvature of the two groups before and after wearing (P>0.05).There was no significant difference on the anterior chamber depth between the two groups at different time or between before and after wearing (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Long-term wearing orthokeratology lenses have a significant effect for control ling juvenile myopia, and can improve the corneal anterior surface curvature, especially in the lower age group, and has no significant effect on the anterior chamber depth.

Objective To evaluate the completion of a goal in elimination of iodine deficiency disorders IDD) in the 12th five-year plan for prevention and control of endemic diseases,to analyze the present situation of IDD in prevention and to improve sustainable control strategies in the city of Wuhai in Inner Mongolia.Methods In 2015,using the specific sampling method,5 units were selected from 3 counties of Wuhai according to their subarea positions of east,south,west,north and center,and then 1 township was randomly selected from each unit,40 school children (half males and half females) aged 8-10 and 20 pregnant women were investigated in each township.Goiter of children aged 8-10 was examined by B ultrasonic,the urinary iodine levels were detected by acid digestion arsenic-cerium contact method and the salt iodine levels were measured with the method of direct titrimetric method.Results Totally 900 edible salt samples of local residents had been examined and the median iodized salt iodine was 24.2 mg/kg,the consumption rate of iodized salt was 99.56％ (896/900),the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.78％ (896/900),and the rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.78％ (898/898).The goiter rate of children was 0.33％ (2/600),urinary iodine level (UI) median was 221.6 μg/L in 600 children aged 8-10,the ratio of urinary iodine levels between 100-199 μg/L was 31.7％ and the median of urinary iodine was 122.15 μg/L in 300 pregnant women,the ratio of urinary iodine between 150-250 μg/L was 26.7％ (80/300).Conclusion Wuhai has achieved the goal of prevention and control of endemic disease prevention andcontrol of the 12th five-year plan,and reached the continuous state of elimination of IDD.

Arsenic Poisoning ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; complications

Through defining the connotation of division and cooperation among medical institutions, this paper introduces the current status for division and cooperation among medical institutions of Britain, Germany, Singapore and USA. The advantages include excellent general practices, optimal health resource allocation, effective first treat-ment in community health facilities, and effective two-way referral. We analyzed the influence of some new policies on the division and cooperation among medical institutions such as medical association, managed care and the General Practices’ service contract. This provided a lot of experience and revelations, including the dynamics to promote the division and cooperation, the separation of outpatient services and inpatient services, privatization of primary medical institutions, division and cooperation between medical institutions and nursing, rehabilitation institutions, distinguis-hing the division and cooperation from hospitals alliance, and division and cooperation among medical institutions can not resolve the all issues in the medical care supply system.

Background & Objective: Early life stresses, such as social isolation, have lasting effects on the development of emotion and behavior, in which vasopressin plays important roles. This study aimed to assess the possible association of central release of vasopressin with social isolation. Methods: The social isolation model was performed in male mice who endured 6-week social isolation after weaning. Vasopressin expression in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) was measured with immunohistochemistry. Released vasopressin from PVN was measured with radioimmunoassay. Results: Vasopressin immunoreactive cells number decreased in the PVN, medial parvocellular division in social isolation-reared mice, compared to the group-reared counterparts. Social isolation decreased short social exposure-induced vasopressin release from PVN. Isolation-reared mice exhibited anxiogenic profile and difficulty in social recognition. Conclusions: This study provides new evidence for the important role of vasopressin in the development of emotional and social behaviors.

Objective To synthesize 99Tcm labeled VEGF fragment (VEGF125-136) and evaluate its biodistribution and imaging in the nude mice bearing human osteosarcoma,in order to find a probe to improve the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of osteosarcoma.Methods VEGF125-136 was synthesized by conventional solid phase synthesis method,and directly coupled with MAG3 to form MAG3-VEGF125-136,then MAG3-VEGF125-136 was labeled with 99Tcm.The osteosarcoma bearing nude mice were randomly divided into four groups by random number table and studied for 99Tcm-MAG3-VEGF125-136 distribution at 0.5,1,2,4 h,respectively.The other 10 osteosarcoma bearing nude mices were divided into the experimental group and competitive inhibition group,and underwent radionuclide imaging.The T/NT ratio was calculated.Data were analyzed using two-sample t test.Results The radioactive labeling rate was greater than 95％,radiochemical purity was still greater than 85％ after 12 h in room temperature.The 99Tcm-MAG3-VEGF125-136 was cleared fast in blood and mainly excreted through the kidneys and liver.Tumor uptake of 99Tcm-MAG3-VEGF125-136 was highest at 1 h with (0.28±0.02) ％ID/g.The T/NT ratios of experimental group at 0.5,1,2,4 h were 1.07±0.10,3.10±0.19,2.63±0.14,1.90±0.09,respectively.In competitive inhibition group,no obvious radioactivity concentration was observed in tumors.The T/NT ratios were 0.99± 0.05,1.06± 0.06,0.98±0.03,0.97±0.03 at 0.5,1,2,4 h respectively.The T/NT ratios were significantly different between the two groups at 1,2,4 h (t=22.52,26.36 and 22.31,all P＜0.05),but no significant difference was observed at 0.5 h (t =1.44,P＞0.05).Conclusion 99Tcm-MAG3-VEGF125-136 has high labeling efficacy,good stability and high specificity to osteosarcoma.It can be used as an agent for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring in osteosarcoma.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy and reliability of linear measurements using cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) system and to provide theoretical application of CBCT in oral implantation. Methods Ten experimental models of different toothless mandibles mixed with 10% of barium sulfate were used in this study. All these mandible models were marked with gutta-percha markers to standardize the plane of the transverse cross-sections and path of measurements. The mandible models were imaged using Mayer SS-X9010D CBCT device. Measurements were taken with DCT Viewer software and compared with measurements recorded directly in the mandible models using vernier caliper. A paired sample t-test was performed to compare difference between CBCT measurement and vernier caliper measurement. Less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The differences of vertical lines between CBCT and vernier caliper were (-0.089 5±0.220 0) mm in anterior teeth area and (-0.083 0±0.190 0) mm in posterior teeth area. The differences of vertical lines between CBCT and vernier caliper were (-0.052 0 ± 0.140 0) mm in anterior teeth area and (-0.084 7 ± 0.320 0) mm in posterior teeth area. The corresponding t values were-1.784,-1.981,-1.621 and-1.684, respectively. All the P values were greater than 0.05. There was no significant difference between CBCT measurement and vernier caliper measurement. Conclusions CBCT is auseful tool to provide good accuracy and precision of linear measurement in dental implants.

Aim The kinetics of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (N-AChR) was stadied. MethodsThe saturation experiments of Torpedo electric organ N-AChR were taken with125I-?-BuTX. The results were calculated by Scatfit program. Experiments were thenperformed to study the kinetics of dissociation of ?-BuTX and nicotine from N-AChR,respectively. When their binding reached saturation, an excess of 1000 times ?-BuTX ornicotine was added. The saturation binding properties of the N-AChR extracted fromleg muscles of the 13th day chick embroys and optic lobes of the 20th day chick em-broys were studied. The results were calculated by Scatfit program. The othe experi-ments were taken to observe the competition between mcotine and 125I-?-BuTX forbinding with Torpedo, optic lobe and skeletal muscle of the chick N-AChRs. ResultsThe saturation experiments of Torpedo electric organ N-AChR resulted in a Scatchardplot of hyperbola which responded to the model of two kinds of receptor with on eli-gand.The difference of and B max between high affinity binding site and low affnitybineing site was significant. The dissaciation experiment showed that the fast dissocia-tion rate of tow ligands was 500 times more than that of the slow dissociation rate. Thisresult suggested that there may be two subtype N-AChRs.The saturation bindingproperties of N-AChR of leg muscles and optic lobe of the chick embroys revealed aScatchard plot of two kinds of N-AChR indicating a single type of site. The bindingaffinity of receptor of optic lobe was 100 times more than that of muscles. In competi-tion for Torpedo receptor by nicotine and 125I-?-BuTX, the values of IC50 were different:which suggested that two kinds of receptor sites were existent. In competition ofNicotine and 125I-?-BuTX for optic lobe and skeletal muscles of the chick N-AChR, thevalue IC50 of skeletal muscles N-AChR was 7. 7 times higher than that of optic lobe. Itindicated that two kinds of N-AChR subtype existed in the optic lobe and in theskeletal muscles of chick respectively. Conclusion N-AChR of Torpedo electric organcontains two kinds of subtype receptors. N-AChR of optic lobe of chick embroys is onesubtype receptor, and N-AChR of skeletal muscles of chick embroy is another subtypereceptor.

BACKGROUND:During spinal degeneration process, the intervertebral disc and facet joints are interrelated and interacted to impact the normal function and stability of the spine, thereby resulting in low back pain. Moreover, there is always a controversy on the degeneration order of the intervertebral disc and facet joint. OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between lumbar facet joint degeneration and intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with low back pain. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 186 patients with low back pain. The facet joint degeneration and intervertebral disc degeneration at L2-S1 motion segments of each patient were evaluated. Enroled patients were divided into three age groups: < 40 years old, 40-60 years old and≥ 60 years old. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The incidence of lumbar facet joint and intervertebral disc degeneration was increased with age, and degeneration of the lumbar facet joint and intervertebral disc were the most obvious at L4-5 and L5-S1 segments. The incidence of intervertebral disc degeneration was more than that of facet joint degeneration at each segment in al age groups, except groups of < 40 years old and 40-60 years old at L2-3 segments, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was a weak correlation between facet joint degeneration and intervertebral disc degeneration (χ2=100.9,P < 0.001, gamma=0.22). These findings show that the incidence of intervertebral disc degeneration and facet joint degeneration is increased with age, and there is a weak correlation between them. However, the lumbar degenerative order is stil unclear and further research is needed.

In this paper, we expatiate the advance of Tricholoma matsutake including distributing, environment, pure culture, domesticating cultivation and artificial forcing breeding in the area of Changbai Mountain of China.