OBJECTIVE:To select a technique for preparation of fluconazole for injection and to establish a method for determination of its content.METHODS:The formula was selected on the basis of pH value and species of solution adjuvant.The content was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The preparation was stable when pH value was between6.5～8.5,and its clarity could be increased by propylene glycol.The detectable concentration of fluconazole showed a good linear correlation in the range of40～200?g/ml.The average recovery was100.37%,RSD=1.37%(n=3).CONCLUSION:The fluconazole for injection prepared by the present technique is stable in quality and the method for content determination is accurate and practicable.

Objective To study appliction value of quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MRI(T1-DCE MRI)in preoperative grading of brain glioma.Methods 80 patients who were pathologically confirmed with a tumor grade (WHO grade Ⅰ 20 cases, grade Ⅱ 20 cases,grade Ⅲ 20 cases and grade Ⅳ 20 cases).All patients were examined with MR enhancements and T1-DCE MRI. The original perfusions imaging datas were analyzed using the GE Omni Kinetic software,which produced the transfer constant (Ktrans )map,the rate constant (Kep )map and fractional volume (Ve )map.Choose ROI and get values of Ktrans ,Kep and Ve .Pearson correlation was carried out to analyze the correlation between values of Ktrans ,Kep ,Ve of different grades of gliomas and pathology classifications.The Ktrans ,Kep and Ve values of the different grade gliomas were statistically analyzed using an ANOVA .Receiver operator characteristics (ROC)curve was used to analyze sensitivity and specificity of permeability parameters.Results The Ktrans ,Kep and Ve values of each levels has a strong correlation with pathological grading (r=0.95 1,0.804,0.766).There was obviously statistically significant difference between different grade groups(P < 0.01 )by Ktrans .Kep values have statistically difference between different grades except grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Ve values were different between different grades except grade I andⅡand grade Ⅲ and IV.Accord-ing to ROC curve,Ktrans seemed to be a better parameter for evaluating the tumor grade with the highest sensitivity and specificity. With the cutoff thresholds of Ktrans of 0.1 60,0.420 and 0.935,different grades of glioma can be differentiated with sensitivities of 90%,95%,95% and specificities of 95%,95%,85% respectively.Conclusion Quantitative analysis of microcirculation perfusion status of different grade gliomas by Ktrans values obtained from T1-DCE MRI can assessment the degree of the destruction of the blood brain barrier and evaluate the grade of gliomas more accurately before operation.

To obtain a number of penicillinases and degrade penicillin in milk by using the penicillinases,the gene encoding penicillinase was amplified by PCR from Bacillus cereus ATCC10987,cloned into pET28a(+) ,transformed into E. coli BL21;analysis of SDS-PAGE and penicillinase activity of the recombinant protein were done under induction of IPTG and the result showed that the maximum penicillinase activity reached 480 U/mL;the purity of penicillinase purified by Ni2+ Purification System was more than 90%;the immobilized penicillinases were obtained by sodium periodate method and the residual quantity of penicillin in milk(containing 0.5 U penicillin G/mL) was less than 4 ppb after degraded by the immobilized penicillinase.

Alc in trial group were significant better than those in control group ( P < 0. 05 ). The results indicate that type 2 diabetic patients with Hp infection should receive moxifloxacin-based triple therapy as first-line treatment.

OBJECTIVEThis study was undertaken to investigate the clinical features of oral motor dysfunction and feeding problems as well as the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHODSFifty-nine CP children, 39 boys and 20 girls, mean age 31 months (20 to 72 months), were recruited. Their parents were interviewed for high risk factors and feeding history. Each case was assessed for oral motor and feeding problems based on oral motor and feeding skill score; for nutritional status by measurement of weight, height; neurologically for type of cerebral palsy and for developmental age by Gesell's developmental scale. Equal number of age and sex matched controls were included for comparison of nutritional status, oral motor and feeding skill score.

RESULTSAmong 59 patients, 51 cases had oral motor dysfunction and 55 cases had feeding problems including all athtosis, spastic tetraplegia, and 16 had spastic diplegia. The scores of both the mean oral motor function and feeding skill of CP children were significantly lower than those of the controls (P < 0.001). Main food of children with cerebral palsy consisted of liquid and semisolid diet. Body weight and height below the 25th percentile were found in 13 cases and 19 cases, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe majority of the children with cerebral palsy had oral motor dysfunction and feeding problems which appeared in early age and disturbed the growth and nutritional status. Thorough assessment for oral motor function, feeding problems and nutritional status of CP children is indicated in order to start timely rehabilitation and nutritional interventions which can significantly improve their nutritional status and quality of life.

Cerebral Palsy ; complications ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mouth ; physiopathology ; Mouth Diseases ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Muscular Diseases ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Nutritional Status

In order to establish a method by which the recombinant suicide plasmids integrated on the chromosome could be recircled, A simple method of transconjugative cloning was established with the helper plasmids pMT999 or pRK2013 and fusion strains of Shigella flexneri which were obtained by screening with in vivo expression technology. And the cloning efficiency with this method is very high.

Objectives To investigate the occipital cortex metabolite alterations in repetitive and severe neonatal hypoglycemia rats treated with sodium pyruvate and to reveal the protective role of sodium pyruvate using high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Methods Thirty-six 2-dayold Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into hypoglycemia group and pyruvate group with 18 rats in each group.Rats in both groups received intraperitoneal injections of insulin (40 U/kg body weight) at 2,4 and 6 days of age to induce severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose value ≤ 1.4 mmol/L).In the hypoglycemia group,2.5 hours after insulin injection,intraperitoneal injection of 50％ glucose (2 ml/kg) was administered to terminate hypoglycemia,while in the pyruvate group,50％ glucose (2 ml/kg) and sodium pyruvate solution 2.5 ml/kg (500 mg/kg) were injected.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay was used to observe the status of injured neurons in six neonatal rats,and metabolite changes in occipital cortex of the other 12 rats were detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The difference between the two groups was compared by independent-samples t test.Results Neonatal rats of both groups reached severe hypoglycemia level 2.5 hours after insulin injection.Compared with hypoglycemia group,pyruvate group had fewer injured neurons (45±5 vs 113 ± 12,t=0.782,P=0.013) and lower injured index in the occipital cortex (0.15 ± 0.03 vs 0.36 ± 0.06,t=l.143,P=0.020).Pyruvate group showed significant decreases in the concentration of taurine [(13.31 ± 2.06) vs (18.44 ± 3.86) mol/kg,t=8.231],glutamine[(1.50 ± 0.24) vs (2.02 ± 0.40) mol/kg,t=3.137],glutamate[(7.04 ± 0.95) vs (9.40 ± 1.73) mol/kg,t=6.449],aspartate[(1.51 ± 0.28) vs (2.15 ± 0.58) mol/kg,t=2.561] and creatine [(6.37±0.99) vs (8.46± 1.77) mol/kg,t =4.226] in the occipital cortex (all P'＜0.017).Conclusions Simultaneous use of glucose and sodium pyruvate to terminate hypoglycemia in repetitive and severe neonatal hypoglycemia rats can effectively alleviate severe hypoglycemia-induced occipital lobe damage via regulating excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters,energy metabolism and other metabolic pathways.

Aim: To observe the preferences and drinking behavior characteristics of congenital alcoholism in (FH/Wjd) rats and SD rats. Methods: Both FH/Wjd rats and SD rats were fed with free access to two bottles (liquor A, liquor B, 53% alcohol and water). The intake of liquor and water and their preference, the difference in day and night intake of each liquor, and the variation of ethanol and water intake and the preference after depriving were compared between FH/Wjd rats and SD rats. Results: The rate of preference for liquor A was significantly higher than liquor B and 53% alcohol in FH/Wjd rats; however, the rate of preference for liquor B was significantly higher than that for liquor A and 53% alcohol, and the liquor A was higher than 53% alcohol in SD rats. It was found that the longer the drinking time, the more of alcohol consumption and the higher preference for each liquor in both FH/Wjd rats and SD rats. In addition, the drinking behavior of FH/Wjd rats and SD rats for each liquor showed a significant difference between day and night, with robust ethanol deprivation effect. Conclusions: SD rats can be forced to drink for short time, and prefer liquor B. However, FH/Wjd rats prefer liquor A. Both SD rats and FH/Wjd rats have the characteristics that the longer the drinking time, the more of alcohol consumption and the higher of preference. Obvious difference exists between day and night; the more alcohol consumption and higher rate of preference after deprivation appear in both SD rats and FH/Wjd rats.

Objective To observe the effects of therapy of wound-pus promoting granulation tissue growth guided by drug-wound interaction theory on the related factors in granulation tissue during the healing of chronic skin ulcer in rats based on drug-wound interaction. Methods Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, control group, and treatment group, 6 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group had no skin ulcer and was given normal feeding,and the rats with chronic skin ulcer in the other 3 groups were induced by compound factors-overlapped method of hormone intervention-skin defect-bacterial infection. After modeling,the model group was given external use of saline gauze dressing,the control group given external use of vaseline gauze dressing,and the treatment group given external use of Shengji Xiangpi Ointment,changing fresh dressing for wound daily,the treatment lasting for 14 days. Wound sample was taken from the left back of rats, and therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the changes in the wound surface of the rat right back. After intervention for 3,7,and 14 d,the secreta and granulation tissue in the wound surface of rats were observed, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), arginine-1 (Arg-1), and Notch1 in granulation tissue of rat ulcer wound were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The wound in the treatment group has been healed after treatment for 14 days (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 as compared with the diameter of the ulcer in the model group and the control group) . At the early stage of wound repairing (3 d),the expression levels of VEGF and Arg-1 in the treatment group were increased, and Notch1 expression level was decreased, the difference being statistically significant as compared with those of the model group and the control group (P < 0.05). At the late stage of wound repairing (14 d),the expression level of iNOS in the treatment group was increased,and the difference was statistically significant as compared with that of the model group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The therapy of wound-pus promoting granulation tissue growth guided by drug-wound interaction theory can promote the healing of chronic skin ulcerative wound in rats and improve the general condition of rats. The therapeutic mechanism may be associated with firstly inhibiting the expression of iNOS induced by M1 type macrophage at early stage and then promoting M2 type macrophage phenotype index Arg-1 expression,and regulating the expression of VEGF and Notch1 in the granulation tissue.

OBJECTIVETo observe the role of NB127914, a CRF R1 receptor antagonist, in the regulation of neonatal sleep/wake cycle.

METHODSRat pups were surgically implanted with electrodes at postnatal day(PN) 13. At PN 14, 6 hours polysomnographic recording data were continuously collected before and after administration of various doses of NBI 27914, atropine and the same amount of saline.

RESULTSCompared with baseline, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was significantly reduced and was replaced primarily by non-REM (NREM) sleep in all groups treated with NBI, but not with dimethyl sulfoxide/saline. Atropine suppressed REM sleep significantly and increased wakefulness simultaneously.

CONCLUSIONBlockage of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) R1 receptors deprives neonatal rat REM sleep.

Aniline Compounds ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Polysomnography ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Sleep, REM ; drug effects ; physiology ; Wakefulness ; drug effects ; physiology