Objective To study the correlation between the polymorphisms of NR3C1 gene and aggressive behavior in Yunnan Han population.Methods Five SNPs of the NR3C1 gene (rs6190,rs6191,rs6198,rs41423247 and rs56149945) were genotyped in 194 unrelated prisoners who committed violent-crimes and 301 healthy controls using improved Multiplex-ligase-detection reaction(iMLDR) method,and the data were statistically analyzed with the SPSS19.0soflware and PHASE2.1platform.Results Single locus analysis showed that the allelic distribution of rs6191and rs41423247did not show significant differencesbetween the control groupand the aggressive-behavior group as well as the robbery sub-group and intentional injury sub-group.However,significant difference was foundin the rs41423247 genotype distribution betweencontrol groupand robbery sub-group (p=0.048).In addition,there were no significant differences for the four haplotypes between the control group,the attack group,the robbery subgroup and the intentional injury subgroup.Conclusion These findings indicate that rs41423247 polymorphism of the NR3C1gene might play a role in susceptibility to aggressive behavior and rs6191 polymorphismmay not be correlated withaggressive behavior.

Objective To establish a real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method for detecting WT1 and to understand the expression levels of WT1 in acute lymphocytic leukemia(ALL) of children through examining peripheral blood of leukemia children.Methods Thirty ALL patients, 13 non-leukemia Children and 18 normal children were included in this study. The method of real time RT-PCR detecting the expression of WT1 was established. The expression levels of WT1 gene were tested by this method.Results The expression levels of WT1 in 13 ALL with newly diagnosed patients were (105-106)copies/?g RNA, 12 with partial remission were (102-104)copies/?g RNA and 12 with complete remission were (0-102)copies/?g RNA.Conclusions Significant expression levels of WT1 in ALL are higher than those in non-leukemias and normal children.WT1 could be a marker for detecting minimal residual disease and evaluating therapy efficacy in ALL.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of post stroke depression treated by differentiation of spleen and stomach, so as to search better treatment.

METHODSSixty-three cases were randomly divided into an acupuncture and moxibustion group and a medication group. In acupuncture and moxibustion group, acupuncture and grain sized moxibustion were given at Zhongwan (CV 12), Zhangmen (LV 13), Zusanli (ST 36), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Pishu (BL 20) and Weishu (BL 21); in medication group, Fluoxetine was orally taken for 20 mg after breakfast. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Prospective information of spleen and stomach syndrome was collected before treatment; the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions were evaluated by integral scale of spleen and stomach syndrome, Hamilton Depression (HAMD) Scale and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) at the first, second and fourth weekend of treatment.

RESULTSThe prospective information collection of spleen and stomach syndrome before treatment indicated that among these 63 cases of post stroke depression, poor appetite, constipation and less drinking appeared for many times. The cured and markedly effective rate was 81.8% (27/33) in acupuncture and moxibustion group and 63.3% (19/30) in medication group, manifesting the same curative effect (P > 0. 05); the integral scale of spleen and stomach syndrome reduced in both groups (P < 0.001, P < 0.05), and it was superior in acupuncture and moxibustion group to that in medication group. In acupuncture and moxibustion group, HAMD score reduced obviously at the 1st and 2nd week and after treatment ( all P < 0.001), and it was superior to that in medication group at the 1st and 2nd week (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The TESS showed that the adverse reactions intervention in acupuncture and moxibustion group was superior to that in medication group at the 1st and 2nd week (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe patients who get post stroke depression commonly suffer from varying degrees of spleen and stomach functional disturbance. The curative effect of post stroke depression treated by differentiation of spleen and stomach is quick and stable, with less adverse reaction and high safety.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Depression ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Stomach ; physiopathology ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDMumps virus infection is a potentially serious viral infection of childhood and early adulthood. In China, live attenuated S(79) mumps vaccine has been licensed for pediatric use since 1990. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of live attenuated S(79) mumps vaccine against clinical mumps in outbreaks.

METHODSCases were selected from mumps outbreaks in schools in Guangzhou between 2004 and 2005. Each case was matched by gender, age and classroom. Vaccination information was obtained from Children's EPI Administrative Computerized System. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated for 1 or 2 doses of S(79) vaccine with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTSOne hundred and ninety-four cases and 194 controls were enrolled into the study. VE of the S(79) mumps vaccine for 1 dose versus 0 confer protection 80.4% (95% CI, 60.0%-90.4%) and VEs against mumps in outbreaks for 1 dose of mumps vaccine are similar among those children aged 4-9 years and aged over 10 years old.

CONCLUSIONThe live attenuated S(79) mumps vaccine can be effective in preventing clinical mumps outbreaks.

Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mumps ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Mumps Vaccine ; immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; immunology

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/ MS) method for quantification of pentoxyverine citrate in human plasma has been developed and applied for the bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics study. After extracted from plasma samples with ethyl acetate, analysis was performed in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with a positive electrospray ionization (ESI) interface with a mobile phase consisted of methanol and water (0.4% glacial acetic acid and 4 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate, 43 : 57, v/v). The linear concentration range of the calibration curves was 1.0-160.0 ng x mL(-1) for pentoxyverine citrate, inter- and intra-precision (RSD) was less than 12.5%, accuracy (RE) was in +/- 13.5% and absolute recovery was more than 80%. The method was proved simple, rapid, sensitive, specific and suitable for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of Yufenweilin capsule containing pentoxyverine citrate.
Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Cyclopentanes ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Therapeutic Equivalency

OBJECTIVETo analyze the current status of maternal HIV infection, mother to child transmission, and the work accomplishments in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT).

METHODSDuring October, 2001 to May, 2009, HIV voluntary consultation and examination were carried out in 339 866 pregnant women in the urban areas, while 594 pregnant women who tested positive were intervened, and interventions were also conducted among 326 babies who were born to HIV positive mothers, including HIV immune body examination on the babies when they were 12 months and 18 months old.

RESULTSA total of 594 pregnant women were found HIV positive, with the positive rate of 0.17% (594/339 866). And the rate was declining year by year. The highest rate was 0.47% (37/7837) in 2002, and the lowest rate was 0.12% (86/73 343) in 2008. Of the 594 positive pregnant women, 228 (38.38%) terminated pregnancy voluntarily, 43 (7.24%) kept on pregnancy and 317 (53.37%) parturients. Of 326 babies born by the 317 parturients, 317 survived.298 received curbing intervention for mother to child transmission (PMTCT), the ratio was 94.01% (298/317). Of 224 babies who were 18 months old, 221 accepted examination, and 7 HIV positive. The maternal infant transmission rate after intervention was 3.17% (7/221).

CONCLUSIONThrough the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the HIV infection status in the pregnant women can be timely observed, which can effectively decrease the level of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy

The comparative efficacy of 2 anthelmintics (ivermectin and levamisole) against Baylisascaris transfuga migrating and encapsulated larvae was studied in mice. A total of 60 BALB/c mice inoculated each with about 1,000 embryonated B. transfuga eggs were equally divided into 6 groups (A-F) randomly. Mice of groups A and B were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 3 post-infection (PI). Mice of groups A-C were killed on day 13 PI. Similarly, groups D and E were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 14 PI, and all mice of groups D-F were treated on day 24 PI. The groups C and F were controls. Microexamination was conducted to count the larvae recovering from each mouse. The percentages of reduction in the number of migrating larvae recovered from group A (ivermectin) and B (levamisole) were 88.3% and 81.1%, respectively. In addition, the reduction in encapsulated larvae counts achieved by ivermectin (group D) and levamisole (group E) was 75.0% and 49.2%, respectively. The results suggested that, to a certain extent, both anthelmintics appeared to be more effective against migrating larvae than encapsulated larvae. However, in the incipient stage of infection, ivermectin may be more competent than levamisole as a larvicidal drug for B. transfuga.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/*administration & dosage ; Ascaridida Infections/*drug therapy/parasitology ; Ascaridoidea/*drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ivermectin/*administration & dosage ; Larva/drug effects ; Levamisole/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rodent Diseases/drug therapy/parasitology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the molecular mechanisms of nm23-H1 for regulating PKC signal pathway before and after transfection with nm23-H1 gene.

METHODSUsing Western-blot, Boyden-chamber, MTT and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) techniques to detect the distribution of PKC in cytosol and plasma membrane, changes of invasion and proliferation activity, PKC translocation status and changes of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration among different human pulmonary carcinoma cells with transfected or untransfected nm23-H1 gene, and changes of the three cell lines after treatment with Calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor.

RESULTS(1) The expression of PKCalpha, PKCbeta II on L9981 and L9981-pLXSN cell membrane, which was in activated status, was remarkably higher than those in L9981-nm23-H1 cell line (P < 0.001). The expression of PKCalpha, PKCbeta II in cytosol in L9981 and L9981-pLXSN cell lines, which was in inactivated status, was lower than those in L9981-nm23-H1 cell line (P < 0.001). It means that the PKC signal pathway was activated in L9981 and L9981-pLXSN cell lines. (2) PKCalpha and PKCbeta II mainly located in nuclei and perinuclear area in L9981 and L9981-pLXSN cells, which were in active status, and the Ca(2+) concentration in these cells was obviously higher than that in L9981-nm23-H1 cell line (P < 0.01). In L9981-nm23-H1 cell line, which was transfected with nm23-H1 gene, PKCalpha and PKCbeta II mainly located in soluble cytosolic section, in an inactive status. (3) The invasion and proliferation ability of L9981 and L9981-pLXSN lung cancer cells was higher than that of L9981-nm23-H1 cell line (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between L9981 and L9981-pLXSN cell lines (P > 0.05). (4) After treated with PKC inhibitor Calphstin C, the expression of PKC and PKCbeta II in membrane in L9981 and L9981-pLXSN cell lines was down-regulated (P < 0.001), PKCalpha and PKCbeta II were mainly located in cytosolic area, mainly in an inactive status, and the Ca(2+) concentration was found to be decreased in all the three cell lines. The invasion and proliferation ability of the three lung cancer cell lines were obviously decreasing (P < 0.001). However, the invasion and proliferation ability of L9981-nm23-H1 lung cancer cell line was still lower than that of L9981 and L9981-pLXSN lung cancer cell lines (P < 0.001). There was also no significant difference between L9981 and L9981-pLXSN cell lines (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study suggest that nm23-H1 gene might inhibit the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells by down-regulating PKC signaling pathway. The Ca(2+) in cells might be involved in this process.

Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytosol ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ; genetics ; Naphthalenes ; pharmacology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Protein Kinase C ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C beta ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Yishen Qingre Huashi Recipe (YQHR) in treating proteinuria of chronic glomerular disease patients with Pi-Shen deficiency complicated damp-heat syndrome (PSDCDHS).

METHODSTotally 121 stage 1 -2 primary chronic glomerular disease patients with PSDCDHS were randomly assigned to the treated group (85 cases) and the control group (36 cases) according to 2:1. All patients received conventional and symptomatic treatment. Patients in the treated group took YQHR additionally, while those in the control group took Losartan Potassium Tablet (50 mg each time, once per day) additionally. The therapeutic course for all was 6 months. Changes of 24 h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine(SCr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were observed at different time points. And the difference in therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with the control group after 6 months of treatment, 24 h urine protein obviously decreased in the treated group (P <0. 05). There was no statistical difference in SCr, BUN, or eGFR between the two groups after 6 months of treatment (P >0. 05). The total effective rate after 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment in the treated group was 77. 6% (66/85 cases), 82. 4% (70/85 cases), and 89. 4% (76/85 cases), respectively. They were 47. 2% (17/36 cases), 55. 6% (20/36 cases), and 61. 1% (22/36 cases) in the control group, respectively. Compared with before treatment in the treated group, the total effective effect after 6 months of treatment was higher than that after 2 months of treatment (χ2=4. 28, P <0. 01). Compared with the control group at the same time points, the total effective rate in the treated group after 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment was higher (χ2=10. 87, 9. 53, 13.16, P <0. 01).

CONCLUSIONYQHR could significantly lower proteinuria in chronic glomerular disease patients with PSDCDHS, improve the clinical effect, thereby providing clinical evidence for treating chronic glomerular disease proteinuria from resolving dampness and clearing heat.

Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; complications ; therapy ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Losartan ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; therapy ; Syndrome ; Tablets

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methylation frequencies of multiple tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the clinical implication of aberrant DNA methylation in molecular carcinogenesis of HCC.

METHODSSixty samples of HCC and the paired adjacent liver tissue, 16 samples from post-hepatitis cirrhotic livers, 5 from livers with chronic hepatitis and 5 from normal livers were collected. Eight TSGs frequently silenced by hypermethylation of their promoters in various types of digestive tumors were selected, including APC, RASSF1A, p16, GSTP1, MGMT, DAPK, SOCS-1 and RIZ1. The status of promoter methylation in these 8 genes was investigated using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The clinicopathological data of HCC were also analyzed in order to evaluate the clinical implication of aberrant methylation in HCC.

RESULTSMethylation of the 8 TSGs was quite frequent in HCC, with a methylation rate of 95.0% in RASSF1A, 90.0% in APC, 73.3% in GSTP1, 65.0% in p16, 61.6% in RIZ1 and 60.0% in MGMT. Methylation of the 6 genes was more frequent in HCC than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). The methylation rate of MGMT, GSTP1 and RIZ1 in the adjacent tissues was 41.6%, 40.0% and 25.0%, respectively, significantly higher than that in cirrhotic liver (P < 0.05). p16 methylation was more frequently observed in HCC in elderly patients. The frequency of MGMT methylation was tended to be higher in giant HCC than that in the other types of HCC. Patients with MGMT methylation in the tumor were found to have a shorter disease free survival.

CONCLUSIONDifferent frequency of methylation in hepatocellular carcinomas, adjacent liver tissues and cirrhotic livers implies that epigenetic alteration in the hepatocellular carcinogenesis may be a gradually progressive process. Methylation status of MGMT, GSTP1 and RIZ1 may be promising in risk assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma and in early diagnosis. Furthermore, MGMT methylation might be also used as a potential prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Modification Methylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; genetics ; metabolism ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult