Objective T o explore the crim inal characteristics of forensic psychiatry expertise in depression patients and schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior. Methods A total of 40 depression (depressive episode) patients and 50 schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior w ere random ly assigned into the study group and control group, respectively. D ata of dem ographic and crim inal characteristic of the tw o groups w ere collected by a self-designed questionnaire, and then w ere com pared. Results T here w ere no statis-tical differences in age, education level and career betw een study and control groups (P>0.05). C om pared w ith the control group, the victim s in the study group w ere m ainly the patient's children and parents, and m ost offenders had suicidal behavior after hom icide (70% ). In study group, the m otives of crim e w ere m ainly extended suicide and indirect suicide, and m ost offenders had attem pted suicide (85% ) and dim inished capacity of crim inal responsibility (70% ), w hich in control group had no capacity of crim inal responsibility (56% ). E xcept for crim inal site, there w ere statistical differences in other crim inal charac-teristics betw een tw o groups (P<0.05). Conclusion T here are different crim inal characteristics betw een de-pression patients and schizophrenics w ith hom icide behavior in forensic psychiatry, and these characteris-tics should be considered w hen these tw o diagnoses are distinguished in forensic psychiatry expertise.

Objective To compare coagulation data measured with domestic produced and imported coagulation testing solutions on SD rat and human by testing prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time(TT), fibrinogen(FIB).Methods Blood samples were obtained from SPF SD rat and human .Domestic produced and imported coagulation testing solutions were applied to test PT , APTT, TT, and FIB.Results Compared to rat data measured with imported coagulation testing solution , data measured with domestic produced coagulation testing solution of PT, APTT, FIB was significantly higher (P<0.05), while, data of TT was statistically lower(P<0.05), and there was no obvious difference in human blood coagulation .Conclusion The data measured with different coagulation testing solution varies on SD rat , so the laboratories are required to establish reference data according to different products .

Objective To study the influence of different routes of keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( KLH) immuniza-tion on the T-cell-dependent antibody response in mice.Methods SPF Kunming mice were divided into four groups: the intravenous injection group, subcutaneous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and control group.Each mouse was injected 200 μg KLH intravenously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally daily for consecutive 10 days, respectively. Mice in the control group were given solvent injection only.Serum concentration of IgG stimulated by KLH antigen was measured 7 days after the last dosing.Spleen was isolated to calculate the organ coefficient and examined by pathology u-sing hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Intravenously, subcutaneously and intraperitoneally administered KLH stimu-lated the generation of secondary lymphoid follicles and germinal center to varying degrees, B cell apoptosis, increased a-mount of cells in the marginal zone and other pathological changes were observed in the spleen.Intravenous and intraperito-neal administration of KLH led to more pronounced pathological changes compared with that in the subcutaneous injection group.All of the three administration routes of KLH induced generation of IgG antibody, significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).Intravenous injection of KLH generated the highest concentration of IgG and organ coefficient among the three administration routes ( P<0.05) .Conclusions Different immunization routes do affect the production of IgG antibody, organ coefficient and pathological changes in the spleen, and these differences should be taken into consider-ation when analyzing the T cell dependent antibody response in mice.

Objective To investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and anxiety symptoms in patients with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder. Methods 48 patients diagnosed with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder according to ICD?10 criteria and 48 healthy sub?jects were recruited. Peripheral levels of IL?1, IL?2, IL?4, IL?5, IL?6, IL?8, IL?10, IL?12p70, GM?CSF and IFN?γ of both groups were evaluated by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) ,and CRP was evalua?ted by immunoturbidimetric method. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale( GAD?7) and State?Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) were used to assess the levels of overall anxiety, state anxiety and trait anxiety. Results The levels of CRP ( ( 1. 19 ± 0. 80 ) mg/L vs ( 0. 68 ± 0. 70 ) mg/L, t=3. 31 ) , IL?1α( ( 70. 34 ± 3.60)pg/ml vs (16.94±3.42)pg/ml, t=74.50),IL?2((7.25±3.42)pg/ml vs (4.95±2.31)pg/ml, t=3.85), IL?4((102.02±73.14)pg/ml vs (75.55±32.78)pg/ml, t=2.29),IL?6((12.55±2.37)pg/ml vs (2.71±1.35) pg/ml, t=14.79),IL?8((44.64±16.21)pg/ml vs (35.69±11.70)pg/ml, t=3.10),IL?12((18.16±24.17) pg/ml vs (10.82±4.72)pg/ml, t=2.06),IFN?γ((23.32±15.52)pg/ml vs (16.48±6.80)pg/ml, t=2.79), GM?CSF((19.07±11.12)pg/ml vs (13.40±8.54)pg/ml, t=2.80) in patients with the first?episode general?ized anxiety disorder were significantly higher than normal controls(P<0.05) . Both SAI and TAI had signifi? cantly positive correlation with the levels of IL?1α, IL?2, IL?6, IL?8, IL?12, IFN?γ and GM?CSF ( r=0.24?0.76, P<0.05) . Conclusion The levels of some peripheral inflammatory cytokines in patients with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder are significantly increased,and they have positive correlation with gener?al anxiety,state anxiety and trait anxiety,which may suggest some immune system defects in the patients.

Objective: To explore a model that workplace social capital is associated with intention to stay (ITS) in the nursing profession and that this association is partially mediated by organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and job stress among Chinese nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional, observationalstudy was conducted in Shanghai, China between September and December 2014. Two thousandforty-two nurses from 23 healthcare organizations were recruited for the current study using a two-stage sampling process.Intention to stay, workplace social capital, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job stress was measured by validated scale. Measured variable path analysis (MVPA) was used to test their hypothesized relationships. Results: There were significant positive direct effects from workplace social capital (=0.11, P<0.01) , organizational commitment (=0.81, P<0.01) and job satisfaction (=0.03, P<0.01) to ITS, and a negative direct effects from job strain to ITS (=-0.03, P<0.01) . The model explained 84% of the variability in ITS. Additionally, workplace social capital had significant positive direct effects on organizational commitment (=0.65, P<0.01) , job satisfaction (=0.44, P<0.01) and negative direct effects on job strain (=-0.35, P<0.01) . The indirect effect of social capital to ITS was 0.55. Job satisfaction was positively associated with organizational commitment (r=0.47, P<0.01) , and negtively associated with job stress (r=-0.12, P<0.01) . Job stress was negtively associated with organizational commitment (r=-0.20, P<0.01) . Conclusion This study suggests that greater workplace social capital may lead to higher ITS in nursing primarily by increasing commitment to the nursing occupation and their job satisfaction and by reducing their sense of job stress.

Objective To explore the application of repeated measurement‘analysis of variance'(ANOVA)in evaluating the effectiveness of 'community-based hypertension self-management program'.Methods A community-based parallel controlled trial was conducted among 3 communities.169 patients in intervention group took part in the course on hypertension self-management program once a week and 204 patients in control group received routine hypertension management services.Data collected through questionnaire at baseline and 6 months,12 months after intervention and were compared through repeated ANOVA measurement.Results Subjects in the intervention group showed statistical significance and linear trends in health self-evaluation,distress,in lOW spirit,self-efficacy in managing symptoms(SEMS),self-efficacy to managing diseases in general(SEMDG),systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)over time by univariate test of repeated measurement ANOVA.The score of SEMS increased from 6.84±2.53 at baseline to 8.20±1.44 at 12 months after intervention while SEMDG from 7.28±2.45 to 8.89±1.05,and SBP decreased from 137.66±7.30 inln Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)to 130.41±7.71 mm Hg.DBP decreased from 84.13±6.70 mm Hg to 81.04±5.98 mm Hg respectively.Only tow spirit and SBP changed over time were seen in the control group.Self-evaluation,distress,in low spirit,caused by diseases,SEMS,SEMDG and SBP were statistically different between control and intervention groups,and the effect of interaction between groups and time span were statmtically significanton indicators as self-evaluation,low spirit,self-efficacy in managing symptoms,seLf-efficacy tO manage diseases and sBP etc,by multivariate test of repeated measurement ANOVA. Conclusion Repeated measurement ANOVA not only could be used to analyze group-effect,but could also explain the effect and the interaction among groups and time,to make the results more reliable.The self-management approach could improve the health status and self-efficacy of the patients,so as to reduce the blood pressure.Our result showed that it was effective for hypertensive patients to be on the chronic diseases selfmanagement program.

Objective To investigate use of oral antihypertensive drugs among community hypertensive patients in Shanghai and find out factors related to their unreasonable use to direct their clinical use. Methods Seven hundred and three hypertensive patients were surveyed with questionnaire by stratified cluster sampling at three neighborhoods and one village of Dahua community, Baoshan district, Shanghai during April to June 2009 to understand their use of antihypertensive agents, including kinds and forms of drugs, rationale of drug use. Results Five hundred and eighty-two (82. 8% ) of 703 hypertensive patients interviewed were using antihypertensive drugs, 271 (38. 5% ) of them used only one kind of non-compound antihypertensive drug, 182 (25.9%) used one kind of compound agent, 311 (53.4%) used two or more kinds of drugs in combination, including 117 patients ( 16. 8% ) used two kinds of agents combined and 12 patients ( 1.6% ) used three kinds of agents combined. Two hundred and sixty-six (47.5%) patients took orally calcium-channel blockers and 205 ( 35.2% ) used compound agents. Conclusions Frequency of combined use of two or more kinds of antihypertensive agents is reasonable and significantly higher than that of use of one kind of drug at Dahua community in Shanghai. Calcium channel blocker plays a predominant role in treatment for hypertension, non-long-acting compound agents are used in a higher proportion. But,guidelines for hypertension prevention and treatment are not so well complied with in local hypertensive patients. So, it is suggested that training for community physicians and management for standard use of antihypertensive agents at community should be strengthened further.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) for primary osteoporosis in the elderly.Methods:Eighty old patients with primary osteoporosis were randomized into a Yi Jin Jing group and a medication group,40 cases in each group.The Yi Jin Jing group was intervened by Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) training,while the medication group was intervened by oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.Prior to and after 6-month intervention,the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur,visual analog scale (VAS) and activities of daily living (ADL) were estimated.Results:There were no significant differences in the BMD of the proximal femur,and VAS and ADL scores between the two groups before the intervention (P＞0.05).After 6-month intervention,the above items all improved significantly in both groups (both P＜0.01);the improvements in VAS and ADL scores in Yi Jin Jing group were more significant than those in the medication group (P＜0.01),while the between-group difference in the BMD of the proximal femur was statistically insignificant (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Practice of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) can effectively ameliorate the BMD in the elderly with primary osteoporosis,and it can reduce the pain and improve ADL,with a better general effect compared to oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling therapy for chronic lumbar strain.Methods:A total of 60 patients with chronic lumbar strain who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by the random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with warm needling therapy,while the control group was treated with ordinary acupuncture treatment.The treatments were both performed once every other day,and 7 times constituted a course of treatment.Visual analog scale (VAS) score was used to assess the degree of pain and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05).After treatment,the VAS scores of both groups decreased significantly,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The VAS score of the treatment group after treatment was statistically different from that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Warm needling therapy has a better curative effect than ordinary acupuncture in the treatment of chronic lumbar strain.

Objective To explore any changes in the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals measured on the spastic upper limb muscles of stroke parents during maximum isometric voluntary contraction and to analyze any abnormal synergy patterns quantitatively in order to design better rehabilitation programs for developing coordination.Methods Ten stroke survivors with hemiparesis were selected into a patient group and ten healthy counterparts were recruited into a control group.sEMG signals were recorded bilaterally from the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU),biceps brachii (BB),triceps brachii (TB) and deltoid (D) during maximum isometric voluntary contractions involving wrist flexion and extension,elbow flexion and extension,and shoulder abduction.The two groups' co-contraction ratios (CR) and co-activation ratios were calculated and compared.Results During elbow flexion and extension the average CR of the BB on the affected side was significantly higher than that on the unaffected side and also significantly higher than the control group average.The average CR of the TB on the affected side was significantly higher than that of the healthy controls.In all cases the average CR of the BB was larger than that of the TB.The difference in CR between the TB and the BB on the affected side was significantly larger than on the unaffected side and the control group average.During elbow flexion,the co-activation ratio of the FCU,TB and D on the affected side was significantly higher than on the unaffected side and among the healthy controls,and the co-activation ratio of the FCU on the affected side was significantly higher than that of the D and TB.During elbow extension,the co-activation ratio of the FCU,BB and D on the affected side was significantly higher in the same way,and the co-activation ratio of the FCU on the affected side was again significantly higher than that of the D and BB.During wrist flexion,the average co-activation ratio of the BB and D on the affected side was significantly greater than that on the unaffected side and among the healthy controls,and the co-activation ratio of the BB on the affected side was significantly higher than that of the D and TB.During shoulder abduction,the co-activation ratio of the BB on the affected side was significantly larger than on the unaffected side and among the healthy controls.Conclusion After a stroke the upper limbs often show flexor spasticity and abnormal synergy patterns.Rehabilitation strategy should be adopted to tackle these so as to enhance overall limb coordination.