OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical characteristics of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries.

METHODSTo review all 326 patients with PCL injuries from January 2006 to June 2013 retrospectively, which were grouped according to injury patterns. The survey included the gender, age, sides, duration from injury to surgery, cause of injury and combined injuries. Compare the patient-specific factors between two groups.

RESULTSMale patients were the majority of PCL injuries (73%), and 30 to 50 years old patients accounted for 59%. 62.6% of all patients went for a doctor within one month after trauma. Traffic accidents were the main cause of PCL injuries (59%), especially motorcycle accidents (74.3%). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries were the most common combined injuries (46.9%),followed by medial collateral ligament (MCL) (29.8%) and posterolateral corner (PLC) (26.1%). The meniscal tears accounted for 30.4% of total cases. The in-substance PCL injuries (71.5%) were far more than avulsion fractures (28.5%), and the former had more combined injuries than the later (P < 0.05). The causes of injuries were statistically different between two groups (P < 0.05). The prevalence of isolated avulsions was higher than isolated in-substance injuries (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn the general population, in-substance PCL tears were dominant on PCL injuries. The prevalence of combined injuries was quite high, among which ACL injuries were the most common. Insertion avulsion fractures emerged mainly at the tibial side, which had less combined injuries than those suffered in-substance PCL injuries. The incidence of isolated insertion avulsion fractures was higher than isolated in-substance injuries.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee Injuries ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; injuries ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and anxiety symptoms in patients with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder. Methods 48 patients diagnosed with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder according to ICD?10 criteria and 48 healthy sub?jects were recruited. Peripheral levels of IL?1, IL?2, IL?4, IL?5, IL?6, IL?8, IL?10, IL?12p70, GM?CSF and IFN?γ of both groups were evaluated by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) ,and CRP was evalua?ted by immunoturbidimetric method. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale( GAD?7) and State?Trait Anxiety Inventory ( STAI ) were used to assess the levels of overall anxiety, state anxiety and trait anxiety. Results The levels of CRP ( ( 1. 19 ± 0. 80 ) mg/L vs ( 0. 68 ± 0. 70 ) mg/L, t=3. 31 ) , IL?1α( ( 70. 34 ± 3.60)pg/ml vs (16.94±3.42)pg/ml, t=74.50),IL?2((7.25±3.42)pg/ml vs (4.95±2.31)pg/ml, t=3.85), IL?4((102.02±73.14)pg/ml vs (75.55±32.78)pg/ml, t=2.29),IL?6((12.55±2.37)pg/ml vs (2.71±1.35) pg/ml, t=14.79),IL?8((44.64±16.21)pg/ml vs (35.69±11.70)pg/ml, t=3.10),IL?12((18.16±24.17) pg/ml vs (10.82±4.72)pg/ml, t=2.06),IFN?γ((23.32±15.52)pg/ml vs (16.48±6.80)pg/ml, t=2.79), GM?CSF((19.07±11.12)pg/ml vs (13.40±8.54)pg/ml, t=2.80) in patients with the first?episode general?ized anxiety disorder were significantly higher than normal controls(P<0.05) . Both SAI and TAI had signifi? cantly positive correlation with the levels of IL?1α, IL?2, IL?6, IL?8, IL?12, IFN?γ and GM?CSF ( r=0.24?0.76, P<0.05) . Conclusion The levels of some peripheral inflammatory cytokines in patients with the first?episode generalized anxiety disorder are significantly increased,and they have positive correlation with gener?al anxiety,state anxiety and trait anxiety,which may suggest some immune system defects in the patients.

Objective To explore the residual undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in embryoid bodies. Methods Mouse R1 and Oct-4-GFP transgenic ESCs were firstly cultured in suspension to form embryoid bodies (EBs). Twenty days later, EBs were digested into single cells and then re-plated in standard ESC culture condition. The morphology of residual undifferentiated cells in EBs was observed, and surface makers and in vitro redifferentiation potency of residual cells were examined by flow cytometry and immunofluoreseent staining. The residual cells were expanded and subcutaneously injected into nude mice, and the specimens were harvested from the injection site for histological analysis 6 weeks after injection. Results There were residual undifferentiated ESCs in EBs differentiated for 20 days, which displayed clonal morphology and expressed undifferentiated cell markers of ESCs, including SSEA1, CD31, CD9 and Oct-4. The cells could be differentiated to form EBs again, and could be re-expanded from secondary EBs. The residual cells were able to form teratoma at the injection site, and mature endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm tissues could be found in teratoma tissues. Conclusion There are residual undifferentiated ESCs after differentiation of ESCs into EBs. The residual ESCs can differentiate again in vitro and in vivo, and can residue again in the in vitro differentiation.

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analyze the medical treatment of 332 patients with lower leg fracture in Wenchuan earthquake admitted in West China Hospital.

METHODSFrom May 12, 2008 to June 15, 2008, 332 patients with lower leg fracture injured in Wenchuan earthquake were treated in our hospital. The data on trauma condition and clinical treatment were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 332 cases of lower leg fracture, there were 179 cases of open fracture, accounting for 53.9%, in which 91% belonged to Gustilo II or III injury with serious pollution. Many patients had posttraumatic complications, vascular and nerve injury, wound infection or osteofascial compartment syndrome. After medical treatment, blood vessels were reconnected, wound surface was repaired and wound infection was under control.

CONCLUSIONFor the patients with lower leg fracture in earthquake, we followed the principle of "complete debridement - restoring the continuity of bone bracket-timely recovering blood supply of limbs and repairing nerve damage - repair the wound surface at stage I or II " so as to reduce the incidence of amputation and infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; China ; Compartment Syndromes ; etiology ; Earthquakes ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Leg ; blood supply ; innervation ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

The China Mechanical Virtual Human (CMVH) is a human musculoskeletal biomechanical simulation platform based on China Visible Human slice images; it has great realistic application significance. In this paper is introduced the construction method of CMVH 3D models. Then a simulation system solution based on Creator/Vega is put forward for the complex and gigantic data characteristics of the 3D models. At last, combined with MFC technology, the CMVH simulation system is developed and a running simulation scene is given. This paper provides a new way for the virtual reality application of CMVH.
Algorithms ; Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; China ; Computer Graphics ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Models, Biological ; Muscle, Skeletal ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Software ; User-Computer Interface ; Visible Human Projects

The paper aimed to elucidate the specific impact of supramolecular chemistry on the Chinese medicine theories (CMT) in their modernization, after had summarized up the research status of supramolecular chemistry and analyzed the possible supramolecular forms of Chinese medicine (CM), as well as considered the problems in modernization of CM theories. On comparison of the classical chemistry that delt with chemical bonds among atoms, the supramolecular chemistry was rather concerned with varietes of weak noncovalent bonds intermolecules, and reflected the macro-apparent chemical properties of each molecules, and was the most appropriate chemical theories to explain the CMT and microcosmic materials. The molecules in the human body and Chinese material medica (CMM) formed supramolecules by way of self-assembly, self-organization, self-recognition and self-replication, with themselves or with complexation, composition, chelation, inclusion, neutralization etc. Meridian and Zang-fu viscera in CMT might be a space channel structure continuously consisted of unique molecules cavity that was imprinted with the supramolecularly template inside and outside of cells, through which the molecules in CMM interacted with the meridian and Zang-fu viscera. When small molecules in human body imprinted with macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, in other words, they migrated along within imprinting channels of meridian and Zang-fu viscera on behavior of "Qi chromatography" impulsed by the heart beat, finally showed up on macroscopic the anisotropy of tissue and organ, as described namely as visceral manifestation in Chinese medical science. When small molecules in CMM interacted with imprinting channel on meridian and Zang-fu viscera, the natural properties and efficacy regularities of CMM was reflected on macroscopic. Therefore, the special representation forms of basic CMT is based on the macroscopic expression of "Qi chromatography" abided by imprinting effect regularities, and on whether the imprinted template of small molecules matched with cavity template of macromolecules in meridian and Zang-fu viscera, only is the adequate representation of supramolecular chemistry for them. The CMM materials is the mixture including single molecules and supramolecules. The compatibility for CM prescriptions can significantly change the function rules. Therefore in the study of basic CMT, we should pay special attention to the laws of supramolecular chemistry. It is the most essential differences of the CMT from the modern medicine which established by the laws of single molecular theories.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Meridians ; Nanotechnology

Objective:To understand the molecular pat hophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer.Methods: We studied novel gene expression by cDNA microarray method. The PCR pro ducts of 4 096 genes and 12 800 gene were spotted onto a kind of chemical-mater ial-coated-glass slide in array. Both the mRNAs from 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor4096 and BioDoor12800 cDNA microarray were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. Tumor invasion-related gene expression w as screened through the analysis of difference in gene expression profile.Results:Among 4 096 and 12 800 target genes, there were 15 genes who se expression level differed from normal and carcinoma tissues. Therefore, they might be associated with metastasis.Conclusion:Further analysis of these differentially expressed metastasis-associated genes will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma.

A new method for establishing ES cell lines from 129/ter. C57BL/6J mice was set up which was characterized by the murine embryonic fibroblast cell(MEF) feeder, the medium of rat heart cell-conditioned medium(RH-CM) for ES cells, and the consecutive digestion by the digestion liquid containing 1% serum. Every group of improved experiments was done with a control of routine method. The results showed that, compared with routine method, the improved way increased the ratio of ES cell lines of 129/ter mice from 11.8% to 33.3%, and of C57BL/6J from 3.7% to 13.3%. The difference is distinct. The passage culture of ES cells showed that, compared with medium added LIF, RH-CM not only inhibited the differentiation of murine ES cells, maintained its dipoild karyotype, but also promote its adherence growth. This kind of culture condition not only maintained the ES cells in an undifferentiated state and their normal dipoild karyotype, but also a series of other characteristics of totipotent embryonic stem cells during extended culture period.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rats ; Stem Cells ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the phenetic and genetic features of clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from 2007-2009 in China.

METHODSA total of 135 clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, isolated from Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guangxi, Liaoning Provinces during 2007 to 2009, were selected for the research. The occurrence of virulence genes thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh), species-specific genes thermolabile hemolysin (tlh), toxR, VPM and gyrB, the pandemic clone gene markers(GS-PCR, PGS-PCR, orf8 and HU-α) in 135 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains was detected by PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibilities to eight antimicrobial agents of the experimental strains were determined by the broth microdilution method. All strains were serotyped and underwent the cluster analysis with pulsed-field gel electrophoreses.

RESULTSThe results of PCR methods claim that all experiment strains carry species-specific genes such as tlh, toxR, gyrB, VPM. Among clinical strains, 85.9% (116/135) carry tdh and/or trh. 85.2% (115/135) were positive for tdh, and 3.0% (4/135) were positive for trh; while 3 strains carried both.66.7% (90/135) , 80.7% (109/135) , 65.2% (88/135) , 66.7% (90/135) clinical strains carried the genes of GS-PCR, PGS-PCR, orf8, HU-α, respectively. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test showed that 8.1% (11/135) strains were resistant to at least one agent, including 9 strains were resistant to ampicillin, 2 strains were resistant to trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole, and 1 strain were resistant to tetracycline. All clinical strains were sensitive to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and chloromycetin.Serological analysis of the O and K antigens claimed that a total of 29 serotypes were identified for clinical strains, predominantly O3, O4 and O1 groups, accounting for 89.6% (121/135). O3: K6 was dominant serotype, accounting for 56.3% (76/135). The pandemic flora in China included O3: K6, O4: K68, O1: K36, O1: K25, O1: K5 and O3: K29 serotypes.Genomic DNAs of 135 clinical strains were digested with SfiI and NotI, the molecular size of PFGE restriction fragments used for analysis mainly ranged from 30-700 kb.When subjected to UPGMA clustering, 6 and 9 clusters were grouped by SfiI and NotI, and the minimal similarity was 52.6% and 58.7%, and pandemic flora were located in C groups and D group, respectively.

CONCLUSIONMost of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinical sources in China were pathogenic. The pandemic clone, especially O3: K6 was prevalent. The GS-PCR and HU-α genes were reliable markers to identify the pandemic flora. The serotype by PFGE was reliable to distinguish the pandemic flora and the sporadic strains.

China ; epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Vibrio Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Virulence ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo present the experience in the management of the infected total hip arthroplasty (THA).

METHODSForty-three cases (44 hips) of infection after THA were reviewed. Eighteen women and 25 men with a mean age of 54 years (range, 24-81 years) were studied. Follow-up ranged from 5 months to 16 years (mean, 3.2 years). Treatment strategies included: one-stage revision (n = 7), two-stage revision (n = 15), resection arthroplasty (n = 13), debridement and retain prosthesis (n = 5), and others (n = 3).

RESULTSForty cases had positive culture result with 59 organisms including 19 staphylococcus epidermidis and 10 staphylococcus aureus. Thirty-six cases had been followed up, and no case had infection recurrence. Twenty-nine cases had postoperative Harris hip score averaged 78.5 (45-98).

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis and treatment of infection after hip replacement is very difficult. The violence and antibiotic resistant rate of the organisms is high. Two-stage reconstruction of the infected hip is useful and effective because of higher eradication rate of the infection and good postoperative functional result.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthroplasty ; methods ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Hip Prosthesis ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis-Related Infections ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcal Infections ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome