Purpose To study clinical pathological significance of the expression of PTEN, p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) in breast carcinoma and their correlation. Methods Immunohistochemical MaxVision method was used to detect the expres-sion of PTEN, p53, EGFR in 209 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast and 40 cases of benign breast diseases. Results The over-expression rate of PTEN, p53 and EGFR protein in breast carcinoma was 57. 9%, 55. 0% and 38. 3% respectively, which was significantly different from those in benign breast diseases (P<0. 05). The expression of PTEN, p53 and EGFR in breast cancer was correlated with tumor size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, ER status, PR status and molecular subtype (P<0. 05). There was an association between PTEN or p53 and TNM stage, PTEN or EGFR and HER-2 status. There was a negative correlation in the protein expression of PTEN vs EGFR or PTEN vs p53 (P<0. 01). There was a positive correlation between EGFR and p53 protein ex-pression (P=0. 000). The expression of PTEN or EGFR was correlated with the prognosis of breast cancer, but not independent prog-nostic factors. The survival rate of patients with PTEN- /p53 + /EGFR+ was lower than those with other combined expression of PTEN/p53/EGFR (P=0. 008). Conclusions Low or loss expression of PTEN, p53 mutation and EGFR over-expression may be coordinate-ly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer. The combined detection of these markers may play an important role in making treatment and indicating prognosis for breast cancer patients.

Islet β cell secretion deficiency and( or) the decreased insulin sensitivity of target tissue are the important pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes. So,detection and assessment of isletβcell function in the early stages,could be of great significance for disease severity evaluation,early intervention and prognosis of the disease. At present,the main methods of the testing and assessment ofβcell function includeβcell function evaluating indexes,pulsatile insulin secretion,insulin secretion by glucose or non-glucose secretagogues and func-tion testing by other secretions of isletβcells. Among of them,βcell functional assessment methods by detecting C-peptide( especially aspects such as 90 minutes of C-peptide testing in mixed-meal tolerance test,urinary C-pep-tide creatinine ratio) have experienced some progress in recent years.

Objective To discuss the video-urodynamic characteristics and management in infra-sacral cord injured patients. Methods The video-urodynamic finding and managements in 169 patients was reviewed. They were followed up for 2 years. Results Detrusor areflexia was found in 76.33% (129/169) patients, among them there were 27.22% (46/169) patients appeared hyper-compliance, and 7.10% (12/169) patients appeared reflux. The video-urodynamic characteristics showed over activity and low-compliance in 12.43% (21/169) patients, including reflux in 5 cases. Different management was chosen according to the video-urodynamic examination. No special complication was observed after 2 years follow-up. Conclusion The majority patients with infra-sacral cord injury appeared detrusor areflexia and hyper-compliance. Special management according to the video-urodynamic characteristics is important for protecting upper urinary tract and preventing urinary system infection.

Objective To analyze the factors related to glare occurred after the phakic intraocular lens (P-IOL) implantation,and to raise the standard for the P-IOL selection.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 104 patients with high myopia underwent P-IOL implantation in Beijing Tongren Hospital.Methods In 104 cases,22 cases (22 eyes) were implanted angle supported Phakic6 designed accord with corneal symmetry,54 cases (54 eyes) were implanted iris fixed Verisyse,and 28 cases (28 eyes) were implanted posterior chamber PRL.Selection of the diameter of P-IOL optics depended on P-IOL diopters.The pupil diameter,the P-IOL optic center position,the pupil and corneal center position were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).The contrast sensitivity (CS) under different condition (day,day and glare,night,night and glare) and in different space frequency (1.5,3,6, 12,18c/d)were examined with Optec6500 system.Main Outcome Measures Glare incidence,CS,and the influence of pupil diameter and P-IOL location to glare.Results None of the 104 P-IOL eyes occurred glare in day time.59 eyes (56.73%) complained of glare in dime condition.The glare incidence was 63.18% (14/22) in Phakic6 eyes,55.56% (30/54) in Verisyse eyes,and 53.27% (15/28) in PRL eyes (P=0.691).CS of all surgical eyes were improved in day time with or without glare luminous environment (P=0.000).And the CS of halo-complaining eyes was lower than of no halo eyes in night time with or without glare luminous environment (P=0.000).Glare oc- curred more frequently in eyes with the pupil diameter larger than P-IOL diameter in clime condition after surgery (10 in Phakic6 eyes, 20 in Verisyse eyes,12 in PRL eyes,all P

BACKGROUND:During artificial knee replacement for al kinds of severe knee disease or conservative treatment for end-stage knee disease, Deluxe-PS knee prosthesis and PFC Sigma RP knee prosthesis have their advantages.
OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the matching of the Deluxe-PS and PFC Sigma RP knee prostheses with bone cross section.
METHODS:According to the use of the knee prosthesis, 87 gonarthritis patients undergoing bilateral knee replacement were divided into two groups. 46 cases in the test group received Deluxe-PS knee prosthesis replacement. 41 cases in the control group received PFC Sigma RP knee prosthesis replacement. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. American Knee Society score, knee score of American Special Surgical Hospital and knee joint range of motion were used to evaluate knee joint function before replacement, 3 months after replacement and during final folow-up. Anteroposterior X-ray films were obtained after replacement to measure valgus angle and flexion angle of femoral prosthesis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly better in the test group than in the control group (P< 0.05). (2) No significant difference in American Knee Society score, knee score of American Special Surgical Hospital and knee joint motion was detected between the two groups before replacement and 3 months after replacement (P > 0.05). Above indexes were significantly improved in both groups at 3 months after replacement and during final follow-up (P < 0.05). (3) No significant difference in valgus angle and flexion angle of femoral prosthesis was identified between test and control groups during final follow-up (P > 0.05). (4) These findings indicate that effect of Deluxe-PS type artificial knee prosthesis was identical to that of PFC Sigma RP knee prosthesis in knee osteoarthritis patients receiving bilateral knee joint replacement. Deluxe-PS type artificial knee prosthesis can perfectly realize high-accuracy combination of the prosthesis and the bone cross section, and enhance the fusion suitability of the prosthesis and the bone surface. Deluxe-PS type artificial knee prosthesis has the advantage of operation. This advantage is possibly because Deluxe-PS type artificial knee prosthesis is more in line with the anatomical structure of the knee joint of Chinese.

Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral differential blood count and ATP value in Cell CD4 + T tested by ImmuKnow method in liver transplants. Methods In this study 49recipients after classic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) were enrolled. In a period from two weeks to two months after transplantation when all were free of glucocorticoid. Blood were sent for WBC differential samples count and ATP value in Cell-CD4 + T tested by ImmuKnow method via SPSS17. 0 software. Five more samples were selected randomly for duplicated testing of the indices in Week2, 3, 4,6 and 8 after the transplanting operation to further verify the relativity. Results White blood cell count has the highest relativity with ImmuKnow ATP value at 0. 821. The 5 recipients were repeatedly tested for ImmuKnow ATP values that were found positively correlated to cell count with a coefficient of over 0. 5. Conclusions The peripheral leukocyte count in early stage after liver transplantation is in positive correlation with ATP value in Cell CD4 + T, and the changes of numeration of leukocyte reflect changes of ATP value.

AIM: To investigate whether efficient production of neuron-like cells from embryonic stem cells(ESCs) can be indued by astrocyte-conditioned medium(ACM) in vitro.METHODS: Based on the 4-/4+ protocol established by Bain,two groups were studied: ATRA group,ATRA with ACM group.ESCs were induced into neuron-like cells by means of three-step differentiation in vitro.The totipotency of ESCs was identified by the observation of cells' morphology and the formations of teratoma in immunocomprised mice.The cell differentiation was evaluated continuously by detection of the cellular specific markers of neural stem cell, neurons and astrocytes such as nestin,NF-200,NSE and GFAP using immuno-histochemistry assay.RESULTS:(1) The ESC-D3 cells kept the ability of differentiation into cellular derivations of all three primary germ layers after continuous passage culture.(2) The ratio of NF-200 and NSE positive cells in the cells induced by ATRA with ACM was higher than that in the cells induced by ATRA only.(3) Finally,the positive rate of the neuron-like cells was up to 73.5% in the group induced by ATRA with ACM.CONCLUSION: The ESCs are induced into neuron-like cells with high purity and efficiency by ATRA with ACM.

AIM and METHODS: To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of ventlal septal area (VSA) on discharge of pyrogen - treated thermosensitive neurons in preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH) region, the discharging rate of thermosensitive neurons in the POAH region of 32 New Zealand white rabbits were recorded by using extracellular microelectrode techinque. RESULTS: (1) Intraceretroventricularly (i c v) injection of interleukin - 1?(IL - 1?) caused decrease of discharging rate of warm - sensitive neurons and increased in discharging rate of cold - sensitive neurons in POAH regions. (2) These effects could be reversed by electrical stimulation of VSA. CONCLUSION: VSA may play a central role of negative regulation in thermoregulation of pyrogen - treated animal.

Objective To explore the relationship between obese children with benign acanthosis ni-gricans and insulin-resistant and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Levels of glucose, insulin, and glucose/ insulin ratio were measured on fasting blood specimens, and anthropometric parameters including waist/hip ratio, fat mass, body fat percentage and body mass index were examined in 42 obese children with benign acanthosis nigricans, 60 cases of simple obesity and 20 healthy children controls. Glucose tolerance tests were performed in groups of obese children with benign acanthosis nigricans and simple obesity, respectively. Results Two of 42 obese children with benign acanthosis nigricans were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The rate of abnormal glucose tolerance and levels of blood sugar during 60 min and 120 min after glucose tolerance were significantly higher in acanthosis nigricans children than those in simple obesity (P

BACKGROUND:Mild hypothermia can effectively ease secondary brain and spinal cord injuries, which has a definite protective effect on the central nervous system. Meanwhile, mild hypothermia is conducive to the proliferation, activation and growth of transplanted cells by improving the microenvironment of the injured spinal cord.OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether mild hypothermia intervention can regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of neural stem cells through the RhoA/ROCK pathway.METHODS:The neural stem cell injury model was prepared and randomly divided into two groups:normothermia group and mild hypothermia group. The mild hypothermia group was treated with mild hypothermia [(32.0±0.5) ℃] for 4 hours. Expression of RhoA, RHOCK, Nogo-A and NgR in neural stem cells was detected by RT-PCR and western blot assay. RhoA/RHOCK positive cells were observed by fluorescence microscope. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration in neurons was measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of RhoA, RHOCK, Nogo-A and NgR in neural stem cells at mRNA and protein levels was significantly lower in mild hypothermia group than in the normothermia group (P < 0.05). The intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the neural stem cells was lower in the mild hypothermia group than in the normothermia group (P < 0.05). The number of RhoA/RHOCK positive cells in the brain tissue of rats was significantly lower in the mild hypothermia group than in the in the mild hypothermia group (P < 0.05). To conclude, mild hypothermia regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of neural stem cells by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway.