Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; immunology ; Adolescent ; Chemokines ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective To evaluate the significance of cystatin C (CysC) in the diagnosis for early kidney injury of diabetes and hypertension by testing serum CysC and serum creatinine concentration and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in patients with type 2 diabetes and primary hypertension.Methods Sixty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were selected,among whom the total 38 patients whose UAE were 30-300 mg/24 h were classified into early diabetic nephropathy (DN) group,and 28 patients whose UAE were ＜ 30 mg/24 h were classified into non diabetic nephropathy (NDN) group.Fifty-two patients with primary hypertension were selected,among whom the total 25 patients whose UAE were ≥ 30 mg/24 h were classified into hypertension with kidney injury group,and 27 patients whose UAE were ＜ 30 mg/24 h were classified into hypertension without kidney injury group.Sixty health people were selected as control group.The UAE,CysC and creatinine levels were detected.Results The CysC in early DN group was significantly higher than that in control group and NDN group [(1.84 ± 0.83)mg/L vs.(0.41 ± 0.62) and (0.66 ± 0.59) mg/L],and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in CysC between NDN group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in creatinine and UAE among the DN group,NDN group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).The CysC in hypertension with kidney injury group was significantly higher than that in control group and hypertension without kidney injury group [(0.93 ± 1.04) mg/L vs.(0.41 ± 0.62) and (0.69 ± 0.57) mg/L],and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in CysC between hypertension without kidney injury group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).There were statistical differences in creatinine and UAE among hypertension with kidney injury group,hypertension without kidney injury group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion CysC can be regarded as the value to judge early kidney injury,and it is very important inunderstanding patient's condition,by which appropriate treatment can be carried out to prevent or decrease the occurrence of chronic renal failure.

AIM:To compare the effect of 1,2-propanediol (PROH) and ethylene glycol (EG) on apoptosis and expressions of P53,Bcl-2 of follicles in human ovarian tissue,in order to offer experimental foundation for selecting the best cryoprotectant. METHODS:Biopsies of ovarian tissue obtained from 12 women were cryopreserved,and ovarian tissue slice from each woman was divided into three groups:fresh control group,ethylene glycol group and 1,2-propanediol group. The slow-freezing /rapid-thawing protocol was used to freeze and thaw the slice of ovarian cortex. Apoptosis of follicles in fresh and frozen-thawed ovarian cortical tissue was detected by TUNEL experiment,and expressions of P53 and Bcl-2 were detected by immuno-histochemistry. RESULTS:The percentages of apoptosis follicles were 14.58%,23.08%,30.43% in fresh control group,PROH group and EG group,respectively,and the percentage of apoptosis follicles in EG group was higher than that in fresh control group (P0.05). The percentages of P53 positive follicles were 13.48%,25.00% and 33.93%,respectively. There was significant difference between fresh control and EG group (P0.05). CONCLUSION:The results of this study indicate that 1.5 mol/L PROH is more suitable for cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue rather than 1.5 mol/L EG in slow-freezing /rapid-thawing protocol. The protocol of slow-freezing/ rapid-thawing may preserve oocytes well,but it is not ideal for cryopreservation of granulosa cells. Cryopreservation may influence on apoptosis of follicles in human ovarian tissue.

Objective To evaluate the effects of a health education and behavior intervention project,and to provide.a scientific basis for brucellosis control.Methods By stratified cluster sampling method,target population from 6 township in Meilisi District were randomly selected to carry out baseline survey.Of these 6 townships 4 were selected as intervention townships,and two as control townships.A health education and behavior intervention program was carried out in intervention townships,and after intervention target population from 6 township were participated in the questionnaire survey.Results Awareness rate of common sense knowledge of farmers in intervention townships was 84.33％ (5237/6210) after intervention which was significantly higher than 53.56％ (2003/3740),before the intervention (x2 =112.49,P ＜ 0.01),and also higher than 54.15 ％ (1787/3300) of the control after the intervention (x2 =101.53,P ＜ 0.01).Average awareness rate(82.13％,2550/3105) of common sense on prevention after intervention was significantly higher than 58.77％(1099/1870) before the intervention (x2 =57.19,P ＜ 0.01).After intervention,average awareness rate of common sense on prevention was significantly higher than that of the average of control townships (70.36％,1161/1650,x2 =25.49,P ＜ 0.01).The awareness rate of treatment before intervention was 36.80％ (116/299),which increased to 76.36％ (436/571)after intervention (x2 =119.38,P ＜ 0.01).After the intervention the awareness rate of intervention townships was significantly higher than that of the controls (33.72％,88/261,x2 =139.69,P ＜ 0.01).In survey of these high-risk behavior in intervention townships,in addition to cattle and sheep which were regularly immunized in the intervention townships(35.91％,121/337),and the control townships(32.01％,97/303,x2 =1.08,P ＞ 0.05) and their difference was not significant,other processing such asapoblema,killing cattle,sheep,cattle to deliver,cutting the wool,regular disinfection,and accuracy of high-risk behavior protection were significantly higher than those of controls[89.83％(106/l18),91.07％(51/56),84.75％(150/177),66.67％(32/48),73.78％(242/328),51.22％(42/82),75.56％(34/45),33.69％(63/187),27.78％(15/54),21.63％(61/282),x2 value were 38.00,5.82,103.84,15.84 and 173.67,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion After implementation of health education and behavioral intervention,farmers brucellosis prevention knowledge and awareness of risk behaviors have significantly improved,which have achieved the desired effect.

OBJECTIVETo study the content of mineral elements and the principal components in Gastrodia elata.

METHODMineral elements were determined by ICP and the data was analyzed by SPSS.

RESULTK element has the highest content-and the average content was 15.31 g x kg(-1). The average content of N element was 8.99 g x kg(-1), followed by K element. The coefficient of variation of K and N was small, but the Mn was the biggest with 51.39%. The highly significant positive correlation was found among N, P and K . Three principal components were selected by principal components analysis to evaluate the quality of G. elata. P, B, N, K, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mg were the characteristic elements of G. elata.

CONCLUSIONThe content of K and N elements was higher and relatively stable. The variation of Mn content was biggest. The quality of G. elata in Guizhou and Yunnan was better from the perspective of mineral elements.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gastrodia ; chemistry ; Minerals ; analysis ; Principal Component Analysis

14)than those of group C(3.3%,P 17)than group C(6.7%,P0.05).Conclusion The onset and delayed cure of some chronic urticaria may be related to anxiety and depression.

BACKGROUND: K+ channel opener has been considered as a vasorelaxing agent working through hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cells. Renal tubules-proximal, thick ascending limb of Henle and cortical collecting duct-are the site of the diversity of the K+ channel. ATP-sensitive K+ channel has been observed in the apical membranes of the thick ascending limb of Henle and collecting duct, and basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule. It was also shown that K+ channel opener increased renal hemodynamics and elicited diuretic and natriuretic effects. METHODS: To clarify the renal effects of WAY120491, a K+ channel opener, experiments were performed in unanesthetized normotensive and renal hypertensive rabbits allowing unilateral renal arterial infusion of agent. RESULTS: Intrarenal arterial infusion (0.13, 0.32 and 0.64 microgram/kg/min) of WAY120491 increaased CPAH, CCr, urine volume, UNaV, UKV and CH2O. Renal hemodynamic effects and increments of urine volume and free water clearance were completely blocked by glibenclamide (8.2 g/kg/min), while increments of UNaV and FENa were not significantly affected. Renal hemodynamic and tubular effects of WAY120491 were not significantly different in two-kidney one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rabbits from sham-operated rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that WAY120491 elicits renal effects through ATP-sensitive K+ channel in the renal vasculatures and renal tubules and the renal effects of WAT120491 may not be altered in the hypertension.
Diuresis ; Extremities ; Glyburide ; Hemodynamics ; Hypertension ; Membranes ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Natriuresis ; Natriuretic Agents ; Rabbits* ; Water

Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) E2 protein eukaryotic expression plasmid pVAXE2 was constructed. The plasmid pVAXE2 was transformed into Salmonella choleraesuis C500 (S. C500) attenuated vaccine strain by electroporation to generate Salmonella choleraesuis engineering strain S. C500/pVAXE2. The characterization of S. C500/pVAXE2 in morphology, growth, biochemistry and serology indicated that it retained the same properties as its original strain S. C500 with exception of kanamycin resistance originated from the plasmid pVAXE2. The plasmid stable in the bacteria after 15 passages. Kunming mice and rabbits were vaccinated three times at two weeks interval with S. C500/pVAXE2 in oral and intramuscular routes at the dosage of 1 x 10(8) CFU for mice and 2 x 10(9) CFU for rabbits each time. The specific antibody response against CSFV and Salmonella choleraesuis was detected by ELISA. Two weeks after the third boost the immunized rabbits were challenged with 20 ID50 of hog cholera lapinized virus (HCLV), followed by a virulent strain of Salmonella choleraesuis two week later than HCLV challenge. The results showed that all immunized mice and rabbits produced significant antibodies against CSFV and Salmonella choleraesuis, and the immunized rabbits demonstrated the effective protection against the challenge of HCLV and virulent Salmonella choleraesuis. These results indicated the potential of developing multiplex swine DNA vaccine by using this bacteria as the vector.
Animals ; Classical Swine Fever ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Classical swine fever virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Salmonella arizonae ; genetics ; Swine ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe effect of porcine relaxin(pRLX) on NO production of human microvascular endothelial cells(HMVECs) and discuss its possible mechanism.

METHODSiNOS and cNOS expression of HMVECs with or without pRLX were detected using western blotting. NO production of HMVECs with pRLX at different concentration or different time were determined by method of Griess. NO production of pRLX of HMVECs plus Non-selective NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine(L-NMMA), selective iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine(AG) or nuclear factors-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC) were also analysed.

RESULTSpRLX promoted iNOS protein expression of HMVECs, but not cNOS protein expression. NO production of HMVECs was promoted by pRLX on concentration-dependent pattern instead of time-dependent one. AG, L-NMMA and PDTC were showed to block the effect of pRLX on NO production of HMVECs.

CONCLUSIONpRLX promote iNOS expression and NO production of HMVECs.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; blood supply ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; biosynthesis ; Relaxin ; pharmacology ; Swine ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo clonea a novel gene related to blood glucose regulation.

METHODSContrast rat model of autonomous regulation through jugular vein right atrium intubation of high concentration of glucose, the control rats were injected with 0.9% NaCl and skeletal muscle was separated. The differentially expressed fragments were identified by differential display technology (DDRT-PCR). After slot blot and Northern blot analysis, we excluded the artificial positive fragments and got the true EST (expression sequence tag) differentially expressed. These positive EST were used as probes to screen cDNA library of rat skeletal muscle, the coding region of full-length gene was cloned to pEGFP and L-6TG cell line was cultured and transiently transfected with the lipofectamine reagent. After 48 h, intact cells were examined with fluorescence microscope.

RESULTSWe got a novel full-length cDNA, named as Fang-1. GenBank Accession No. is AF399873. Using blast software (NCBI), we found Fang-1 is rat homologue of human AK001644. They share 82% identical nucleotides, indicating the family proteins are very conserved. After high concentration of glucose stimulation compared with control rats, the expression of Fang-1 was up-regulated and the expression product of Fang-1 was localized in both cytoplasm and cell nucleus.

CONCLUSIONSA novel gene related to blood glucose regulation was cloned from rat skeletal muscle. The expression product of Fang-1 was localized in both cytoplasm and cell nucleus. The gene can regulate blood glucose level by controlling some mechanisms unknown now with down-regulation expression.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley