OBJECTIVE To develop the strategies for preventing nosocomial infection in the department of(laboratory).METHODS The current situation in nosocomial infection management in department of laboratory was analyzed.RESULTS There were some problems in training knowledge of nosocomial infection,preparing(equipment) and supplies for prevention,implementing prevention measures,and cultivating good work habit.(CONCLUSIONS) It is very important to strengthen nosocomial infection management for preventing efficiently(nosocomial) infection in the department of laboratory.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the reasons of nosocomial infection in laboratory departments, and then advance corresponding measures to overcome them. METHODS The current situations in laboratory department between domestic large scale hospitals and overseas hospitals were compared, especially paying attentions to those parts involving in management system and precautionary measures. RESULTS There were a lot of shortcomings existed in the supervision of nosocomial infections in laboratory departments; many measures should be taken to increase the management level. CONCLUSIONS To reform and improve the system of nosocomial infection control and prevention, and establish an effective and systematic alerting and prevention system will benefit all kinds of the hospitals.

Adult ; Coronary Aneurysm ; complications ; pathology ; Coronary Thrombosis ; complications ; Humans ; Male

For microbial production of lycopene, the lycopene synthetic genes from Pantoea agglomerans were integrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4742, to obtain strain ZD-L-000 for production of 0.17 mg · L(-1) lycopene. Improving supplies of isoprenoid precursors was then investigated for increasing lycopene production. Four key genes were chosen to be overexpressed, inclu- ding truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene (tHMG1), which is the major rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, a mutated global regulatory factor gene (upc2.1), a fusion gene of FPP synthase (ERG20) and endogenous GGPP synthase (BTS1), which is a key enzyme in the diterpenoid synthetic pathway, and GGPP synthase gene (SaGGPS) from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Over-expression of upc2.1 could not improve lycopene production, while over-expression of tHMGI , BTS1-ERG20 and SaGGPS genes led to 2-, 16. 9- and20. 5-fold increase of lycopene production, respectively. In addition, three effective genes, tHMG1, BTS1-ERG20 and SaGGPS, were integrated into rDNA sites of ZD-L-000, resulting in strain ZD-L-201 for production of 13.23 mg · L(-1) lycopene, which was 77-fold higher than that of the parent strain. Finally, two-phase extractive fermentation was performed. The titer of lycopene increased 10-fold to 135.21 mg · L(-1). The engineered yeast strains obtained in this work provided the basis for fermentative production of lycopene.
Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Carotenoids ; biosynthesis ; Genes, Synthetic ; Genetic Engineering ; Pantoea ; enzymology ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the changing trends in clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric carcinoma undergoing surgery between 1979 and 2008.

METHODSTwo thousand seven hundred and fifteen patients with gastric cancer who received operation in Liaocheng People's hospital between 1979 and 2008 were analyzed retrospectively, and were compared to 168 patients between 1974 and 1978. Categorical data were evaluated with Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test. Quantitative data were analyzed with nonparametric test. Time series analysis was used to evaluate the changing trend of data.

RESULTSThe male to female ratio during 1979-2008 was 3.393, which was higher than that (1.897) during 1974-1978 (χ2=12.193, P<0.01). The median age (59 years) during 1979-2008 was higher than that (53.5 years) during 1974-1978 (z=-6.294 P<0.01). Comparing the tumor distribution of gastric cancer during 1979-2008 with that during 1974-1978, proportion of gastric cardia and fundus cancer was higher (45.7% vs. 13.0%, χ2=56.596, P<0.01), while the proportion of gastric antrum cancer was lower (44.9% vs. 73.2%, χ2=53.980, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in gastric body cancer (13.8% vs. 9.4%, χ2=2.026, P=0.155). Compared to 1994-1998, there were more poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas during 2004-2008 (62.1% vs. 51.7%, χ2=12.267, P<0.01), and there were less tubular adenocarcinomas during 2004-2008 (23.9% vs. 31.8%, χ2=8.78, P<0.01). Time series analysis showed the patient age during 1979 to 2008 increased (Root mean square error=1.275, R-square=0.702), gastric cardia and fundus cancer was increasing and antrum cancer was decreasing (Root mean square error=0.055, R-square=0.798).

CONCLUSIONSIn the past 30 years from 1979 to 2008, the male to female ratio and the median age of surgical patients with gastric cancer increased with time. The gastric cardia and fundus cancer increased over time, however antrum cancer decreased with time. In the past 15 years from 1994 to 2008, the proportion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma increased, and that of tubular adenocarcinoma declined.

Adenocarcinoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; surgery

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the changes of circulating dendritic cell (DC) and lymphocytes subsets in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with lamivudine.

METHODSSixteen chronic hepatitis B patients treated with lamivudine were included and followed up for 48 weeks in this study. Before and during lamivudine treatment, DC collected from peripheral blood sample was cultured in vitro and surface markers of DC and lymphocytes subsets were detected by flow cytometry simultaneously.

RESULTSOf the 16 patients, 11 were consistently HBV DNA negative in serum and HBV DNA YMDD variants appeared in 5 cases. In the consistent responder group, HLA-DR level of DC decreased transiently in 12 weeks and recovered in 48 weeks (P<0.05). At 48 weeks CD80, CD40 and CD1a were improved compared with baseline level (P<0.05). In the YMDD variant group, CD83 and HLA-DR level of DC decreased at 12 weeks treatment (P<0.05) and HLA-DR was still lower compared with baseline (P<0.05). In the consistent responder group, no significant changes occurred in lymphocyte subsets number at 12 weeks treatment, but CD4 + T cell was improved and NK cell dropped at 48 weeks compared with baseline level (P<0.05). In the YMDD variant group lymphocyte subsets had no statistically significant change.

CONCLUSIONIn the consistent responder group, the expression of surface costimulatory molecules of DC, such as CD80 and CD40,was partly recovered after the virus of hepatitis B had been inhibited efficiently, HLA-DR levels of DC decreased transiently at 12 weeks and recovered in 48 weeks and CD4+ T cell improved and NK cell dropped at 48 weeks. In the YMDD variant group, HLA-DR levels of DC were lower consistently during treatment compared with baseline level.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; HLA-DR Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDThe pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is complex and largely unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between modes of cell death in pancreatic acinar cells, the release of cell contents and the inflammatory response of macrophages.

METHODSOur experiment included four groups: group A (the control group), group B (AR42J cells overstimulated by caerulein), group C (AR42J cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and caerulein), and group D (AR42J cells treated with octreotide and caerulein). Apoptosis and oncosis, and the release of amylase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from AR42J cells were detected. Rat macrophages were stimulated by 1 ml supernatant of culture medium of AR42J cells. Finally, NF-kappaB activation and TNF-alpha and IL-1beta secretion by macrophages were detected.

RESULTSOncotic cells in group C increased while apoptotic cells decreased (P < 0.05); cells in group D had the inverse reaction. The release of amylase and LDH changed directly with the occurrence of oncosis. The transcription factor NF-kappaB was activated and secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were significantly higher in group C than in group B (P < 0.05); in group D, these actions were significantly lower than in group B (P < 0.05). This trend was in line with changes in amylase and LDH production.

CONCLUSIONThere is a close relationship between modes of pancreatic acinar cell death, the release of cell contents and the inflammatory reaction of macrophages.

Amylases ; secretion ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Interleukin-1beta ; secretion ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; secretion ; Macrophage Activation ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; secretion

Objective To evaluate the impact of the percentage of residual blasts in bone marrow at the end of induction chemotherapy ( T1 ) or during myelosuppression phase (T2) on prognosis of de novo acute myeloid leukemia(AML) (non M3) in 105 cases.To refine AML risk-stratification by combining the percentage of residual blast cells (T1 or/and T2) with cytogenetic data based the South West Oncology Group (SWOG) criteria.Methods The data of 105 de novo AML ( non M3 ) patients hospitalized between January 1st 1999 and February 1st 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.Results were analyzed with SPSS15.0 software.Results ( 1 ) Patients were divided into two subgroups by a cutoff of 5% residual bone marrow blasts at T1 or 12 time point.Patients with percentage of residual bone marrow blast cells <5% had better complete remission (CR) rate,relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than the patients with percentage ≥5% at T1 or T2.The percentage of residual bone marrow blast cells at T1 was correlated with that at T2.(2) The prognosis of patients with intermediate karyotypes with percentage < 5 % at T1 or T2 was similar to that of the patients with favorable karyotypes.The patients with intermediate karyotypes and percentage of residual bone marrow blasts ≥5% at TI or T2 are defined as a subgroup with prognosis similar to that of patients with unfavorable karyotypes.(3) COX regression analysis showed that the percentage of residual bone marrow blasts at T1 or T2 is an independent prognostic factor of AML.The percentage of residual bone marrow blasts at T1 may be more helpful in prognostification than that at T2.Conclusion AML patients with percentage of residual bone marrow blasts < 5% after induction chemotherapy ( T1 or T2) have better CR rate,RFS,OS than the patients with percentage ≥5% at the same time point.Combination of cytogenetics and percentage of residual bone marrow blasts at T1 or T2 is helpful to divide patients with intermediate karyotypes into two subgroups with different prognosis.Thus,a better decision of treatment strategy can be designed.

The yeast fusant ZFF-28, which is high in biomass production and rich in selenium, was constructed after mutagenesis and protoplasts fusion between yeast strains. The total selenium content of ZFF-28 is 1.8 and 1.0 times higher than that of the parental strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZY-67 and Saccharomyces kluyveri SZY-198 respectively. Using single factor tests and a L16(4(3) x 2(1)) orthogonal design, the cultivation conditions was optimized as: 50mL culture in 250mL shake flasks in molasses containing 6% sugar and 60microg/mL Se at 28 degree C for 25h at 220 r/min, with the initial pH adjusted to 6.0 - 6.5. Under the optimized conditions, the biomass (dry weight) reached 8.2g/L and the Se content of the cells reached 2050microg/g, with organic and inorganic Se contents being 91% and 9% respectively.
Biomass ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Saccharomyces ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Selenium ; metabolism ; Selenium Compounds ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo understand and analyze the infection situation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).

METHODSExtensively reviewing Chinese literature collecting the related with electronic documents in combination with manual retrieve and using Meta-analysis to do a quantitative analysis.

RESULTSSlight difference in the infection rate of H. pylori between men and women (95% CI: 0.0579-0.0963) was noticed. The infection rate of H. pylori in children whose parent was positive with infection of this bacteria was higher than that of children whose parent was negative (95% CI: 0.3378-0.5042).

CONCLUSIONThe infection rate of H. pylori showed gender difference with nature of family aggregation. Epidemiological studies of H. pylori was comprehensive and involved many aspects. Further investigation needs to be focused on infection rate and other risk factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Family Health ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Helicobacter pylori ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors