Objective To study the expression of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) isoforms in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats at different ages. Methods The expression levels of mRNA and protein of three Akt isoforms in the gastrocnemius muscle of 30-month-old and 6-month-old rats were detected respectively by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Data were analyzed statistically. Results (1) The levels of Akt1 and Akt2 mRNA in the 30-month-old rats was significantly higher than those in the 6-month-old rats (t=7.124, P=0.000; t=2.598, P=0.021), however, no significant difference was found in the level of Akt3 mRNA between the two groups (t=0.460, P=0.653) . (2) The level of Akt-Thr308 phosphorylation in the 30-month-old rats was significantly lower than that in the 6-month-old rats (t=-9.861, P=0.000), while the level of Akt2 protein in the 30-month group was significantly higher than that in the younger rats (t=7.522, P=0.000). No significant differences were detected in the levels of Akt1 and Akt3 proteins between the two groups (t=0.469, P=0.646; t=0.058, P=0.955). Conclusion The expression levels of three Akt isoforms in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats change with age, suggesting that the three isoforms of Akt have different functions in the gastrocnemius muscle metabolism of rats at different ages.

The pharmacological effects and clinical applications of fish oil preparations were reviewed. Fish oil is a natural material. Its excellent clinical tolerance and multiple pharmacological activities make it a pharmaceutical of broad prospects. Fish oil preparations have been used in the therapy and prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in diabetics. They have also been proved effective in improving symptoms of burns and abscesses. Additionally,fish oil preparations can replace non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the therapy of immune system disorders and have effects of slowering aging and improving the memory faculty of the aged. Applications of fish oil in organ transplantation have also been reported.

Objective To explore the role of LiCl in microbial suppurative keratitis .Methods Western-blot assay was used to detect the efficacy of LiCl .Inflammatory cytokine levels were examined using Real-time PCR .Cell apoptosis was detected by using TUNEL and flow cytometry assays .Results LiCl promoted corneal resistance to PA infection .Real-time PCR data showed that LiCl enhanced IL-10 expression ,but suppressed TNF-expression .TUNEL and flow cytometry data showed that LiCl promoted the apoptosis of infiltrating cells .Conclusion LiCl promoted host resistance against microbial suppurative keratitis ,via regulating in-flammatory cytokine expression and cell apoptosis .

Objective To investigate the application value of 3D arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging for patients with unilateral carotid stenosis or occlusion.Methods Cervical MRA and cerebral 3D ASL were performed on 36 consecutive patients with unilateral carotid stenosis diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA).The consistency of degree of stenosis between cervical MRA and DSA was analyzed.36 patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe groups by degree of stenosis,which was based on the DSA result.Variance analysis of cerebral blood flow (CBF) unilateral and contralateral changes were performed on three different groups.Patients with severe stenosis,diagnosed by DSA,were divided into symptomatic group and asymptomatic group.Analysis was carried out on unilateral and contralateral change differences between symptomatic group and asymptomatic group.Results There was no statistical significance between MRA and DSA in the cervical artery stenosis degree (kappa＞ 0.75,P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in CBF unilateral and contralateral changes between mild group and moderate group (P＞0.01).There was statistical difference in CBF unilateral and contralateral changes between severe group and other two groups (P＜0.01).There was statistical difference in CBF unilateral and contralateral changes between symptomatic group and asymptomatic group (P＜0.01).Conclusion 3D ASL as a safe,non-invasive,repeatable method,are meaningful for cerebral hemodynamics evaluation in patients with unilateral carotid stenosis.

Objective To investigate the dose-effect relationship of donor antigenic specificity CD4~+ CD25~+ Treg cells prolonging the survival of rat kidney allograft.Methods Sixty allograft kid- ney transplantation animal models were established with SD rats as donors and Wistar rats as recipi- ents.CD4~+ CD25~+ T cells were sorted from Wistar rats'spleens by way of MACS and the phenotypes of donor antigenic specificity were induced in vitro.According to the quantities of prepared CD4~+ CD25~+ T cells injected through tail vein in kidney transplantation,models were divided into four ex- perimental groups:2?10~5(group I),5?10~5(groupⅡ),1?10~6(groupⅢ),2?10~6(groupⅣ).The models which had no injection served as control group(n=12).The survival of the transplanted kid- ney was observed.The levels of blood serum creatinine were determined and the histopathological changes in the transplanted kidney were observed at day 4,9 and 15.The results of histopathology were evaluated according to the standard of Banff Schema and the semi-quantitative scores were gained by way of Watanabe.The reaction indexes of receptor spleen cells to the donor antigens were tested by way of MTT at day 15.Results The mean survival time of transplanted kidneys was the highest in groupⅢ[(31.4?4.6)days]and lowest in the control group[(11.7?6.2)days].There was signif- icant difference between groupⅢand control group in levels of serum cre'atinine(P

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection(SSI)in neurosurgical patients in a tertiary first-class hospital,and provide reference for the prevention and control of SSI.Methods 47 neurological patients with SSI (49 patients developed SSI,2 were excluded from study due to the lack of appropriate control subject)from December 31 ,2011 to December 31 ,2012 were as infected group,and 94 patients without SSI (1 ∶2 matching)were as non-infected group,risk factors for SSI were analyzed retrospectively.Results There was no significant difference in general condition of two groups of patients (all P >0.05 );among 3 708 patients,49 (1 .32%)developed SSI;intracranial infection was the main type of SSI (89.80%);27 patients were performed ce-rebrospinal fluid (CSF)bacteriological detection,6 (22.22%)of whom were positive for CSF bacteriological detec-tion.Univariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for SSI in neurosurgical patients were operational risk assessment score (OR =2.04),frequency of preoperative antimicrobial use(OR =3.15 ),fre-quency of intraoperative antimicrobial use(OR=2.58),duration of operation(OR=2.70),surgical blood loss(OR=1 .72),indwelling drainage tube(OR=4.30),duration of indwelling drainage tube after operation(OR=2.06),and time for initial dressing change(OR=1 .66);Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the in-dependent risk factors for SSI were frequency of preoperative antimicrobial use(P =0.03,OR =4.86),duration of operation(P =0.05,OR = 2.89 ),and time for initial dressing change after operation (P = 0.01 ,OR = 1 .92 ). Conclusion Risk factors for SSI in department of neurosurgery are multiple,duration of operation,duration of in-dwelling drainage tube after operation,and time for initial dressing change after operation are major risk factors.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy, of different threshold segmentation of 18FDG PET for target volume delineation of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and the potential influence on radiotherapy treatment planning. Methods Eight NSCLC patients who had tumor with clear margin on CT scan and the amplitude of tumor movements not more than 5 mm were enrolled. PET scans were carried out at 1 h after intravenous injection of 18FDG with CT image for attenuation revisement. Gross target volume (GTV) delineated on CT image ( GTVCT ) was used as the standard. Then, GTVs were delineated on PET image with three different threshold segmentation of 42% Imax(total) (42% of maximum voxel intensity within the tumor) ,Iback + 20% Imax-back(max) (mean background intensity + 20% of normalized background-subtracted maximum voxel intensity within the tumor) and Iback -20% Imax-back(slice) (mean background intensity + 20% of normalized background-subtracted maximum voxel intensity of each slice within the tumor) ,the corresponding GTV was named as GTV42%, GTV20%max and GTV20%slice. Both the size of GTV42%, GTV20%max, GTV20%slice and GTVCT,and the coverage over GTVCT for each GTV were compared. A three dimensional margin of 1 cm were added to GTVCT, GTV42%, GTV20%max and GTV20%slice to form corresponding PTVCT, PTV42%, PTV20%max and PTV20%slic e. Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy treatment plans were designed based on PTVCT,PTV42% , PTV20%max and PTV20%slice respectively for each patient. The prescription dose of all PTVs was 66 Gy in 33 fractions in 6.6 weeks. Both the volume accepting dose less than 95% of prescription dose within PTVCT ( VPTV ) and the lung V20 were compared among the four plans based on different PTVs. Tumor control probability(TCP) as well as lung normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were also compared. Resuits Eight patients were enrolled in this study. Median deviation of volume between GTVPET and GTVCT were -54.1% , -21.5 % and 5.3 % for GTV42% , GTV20%max and GTV20%slice, respectively. Median coverage over GTVCT of GTV42% , GTV20%max and GTV20%slice was 45.9% ,78.0% and 95.3% respectively( F = 57.50,P＜0.01). Median 7.5% of VPTV was observed for radiotherapy treatment plan based on PTV42% ,which meant that it might induce median 1% decrease of TCP comparing with that of radiotherapy treatment plan based on PTVCT. Whereas,there were only 1.3% and 0.0% of VPTV for treatment plans based on PTV20%max and PTV20%slice respectively. As far as TCP was concemed, both PTV20%max group and PTV20%slice group were superior to PTV42% group,there was no significant difference among PTV20%max group, PTV20%slice group and PTVCT group. Lung V20 and lung NTCP showed no significant difference among all groups. Conclusions The threshold segmentation of Iback + 20% Imax-back(slice) , being slice specialized, might be an optimal threshold segmentation for target volume delineation of lung caner. Independent of information of target volume provided by CT scan in advance,it is recommended to use for the target volume delineation of NSCLC with atelectasis.

Objective To identify the normal breast tissue and breast fibroadenoma tissue by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS),and to explore the biological characteristics of FD and the identification method by discussing its spectroscope characteristics.Methods The frozen section of 26 patients (all female,aged 19-59 years)were obtained by routine surgical resection.9 cases of normal tissue and 17 cases of breast fibroadenoma tissue were detected by Raman spectroscopy and then SHINERS technique was utilized.A total of 243 Raman and 273 SHINERS spectra were obtained.All the spectra were dealt with baseline corrected by fitting and subtracting a third-order polynomial and then smoothed with a 15-point Adjacent-Averaging.Results The characteristic peaks of normal breast tissue appeared in 1 090,1 157,1 262,1 300,1 442,1 658,1 745,and 1 874 cm-1 .After adding SHINs, some peaks shifted in 2 - 3 cm-1 , the relative strengths of 1 090 and 1 157 cm-1 were significantly increased,and the 1 496 cm-1 characteristic peak appeared.The main characteristic peaks of breast fibroadenoma appeared in 751,880,930,880,1 262,1 442,1 579,1 658,and 1 745 cm-1;one of the dominant characteristic peak should belong to lipids,but it can be seen that amideⅠ characteristic peak of protein became more significant.Conclusion Raman spectra can discover the differences of the characteristic peaks of amide Ⅰ between breast fibroadenoma and normal breast tissues. By virtue of different enhancement effects of SHINs to Raman specific peaks of the various tissues, breast fibroadenoma can be distinguished from normal tissue successfully.

Objective To investigate the levels of blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, body mass index (BMI) as well as the epidemiological characteristics of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome of Hangzhou citizens. Methods A total of 28 990 citizens in Hangzhou city who underwent health checkup were recruited in this study, including 10 179 males and 18 811 females. The average age of subjects was 65.05 years. Subjects were asked to complete questionnaires regarding personal characteristics. The physical examination emphasized measurement of height, waist and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected and subjected to serum glucose, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG measurements. The values of the examinations was described as xˉ± s . The ratios were compared with chi-square test. The trend analysis was conducted by linear correlation test. Results The prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome was 17.1% and 11.2% respectively. And the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hyperglycemia was 36.3%,8.1%,16.4%respectively. It was indicated that the men had higher prevalence of hyperglycemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and overweight compared with women. However, as to the dyslipidemia, men and women were totally different. Women were more prone to suffer from hypercholesterolemia and elevation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Men were apt to suffer from hypertriglyceridemia and reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Divided the subjects by age into three groups, it was suggested that the rates of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and overweight/obesity increased along with the increment of age in women. Although the rates of metabolic disorders were higher in the group of men, the trend of increase with age was not as significant as in women. It could be seen in men that dyslipidemia and overweight/obesity were reduced with the increase of age. Conclusion The metabolic disorders in Hangzhou citizens showed their own characteristics. It is suggested that multiple strategies targeting at different sexes and age-groups should be formulated to prevent and control the occurrence of metabolic diseases.

BACKGROUND:Cytoskeleton plays an important role in the transduction of mechanical signal, and intermittent tensile stress can promote osteogenic differentiation. However, there is no relevant study about the change of cytoskeleton in osteoporosis rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under intermittent tensile stress. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of intermittent tensile stress on the cytoskeleton of osteoporosis rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from osteoporosis rats and cultured in vitro. The 5%, 10%and 15%tensile stress were strained on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through FX-4000T Flexcell. No stress was in the control group. Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was observed through alkaline phosphatase staining, while the change of cytoskeleton was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy with figures col ected for analysis by Image-ProPlus 6.0 software. The area of cells, ratio of length to width and integrated fluorescence intensity of cytoskeleton protein F-actin were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under tensile stress, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporosis rats arranged in the direction vertical to mechanical stimulation. cells under different tensile stress differentiated towards osteoblasts. The result of alkaline phosphatase staining showed the most significant difference in 10%group, and quite an amount of cells lining lost succession in the 15%group. Under stress, the F-actin filaments were rearranged in paral el accordingly, which showed a reconstruction of cytoskeleton. Imaging analysis indicated that the area of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was decreased in 10%and 15%groups (P<0.05) with the increased ratio of length to width (P<0.05), and expression of F-actin increased in5%, 10%, 15%groups (P<0.05) after tensile stress. Under mechanical stimulation, the cytoskeleton of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporosis rats is shown to have corresponding alterations during osteogenic differentiation.