The analgesic, sedative and convulsive effects of procaine were determined by animal experiments. The analgesic ED50 of procain were 21.7mg/kg or 52.8ug/ each (iv or icv, hot plate) and 29.2mg/kg or 52.2ug/ each (iv or icv,electral stimulation) in mice.Procaine In subthreshold dose had additive hypnotic effect of phenobarbital in mice and rabbits, but could not de crease spontaneous activity in mice.The convulsive ED50 of procaine were 13.5mg/kg (iv) or 2.4mg/each (icv) in rabbits.There was no influence on the righting reflex in all the experiment animals when iv or icv procaine was given alone.These results suggest that the analgesic and sedative effects of procaine are weak, but may be potentiated when administered concomitantly With other potent drugs.

The interaction between sodium oxybate and ketamine were studied in conscious animals. Sodium oxybate increased the LD_(50) of ketamine, increased the incidence of sleep caused by ke tamine and prolonged the sleep duration and potentiated analgesic action of ketamine. Sodium Oxybate didn't effect the respiratory and circulatory function in rabbits. The results showed sodium oxybate po tentiated the anesthetic action of ketamine and reduced the side effect of ketamine. So It is suggested that sodium oxybate has the anesthetic synergism with ketamine in animals.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognosis-related influence factors of the residual symptoms after the canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) for the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in the second affiliated hospital of dalian medical university. METHOD: Among patients who were diagnosed with BPPV and treated by CRP, the one that still show residual symptoms were enrolled in our study, then make a follow-up irregularly about the tendency of their residual symptoms' self-healing,and respectively record in their gender, age and chronic diseases and so on. Single-factor analysis and multi-factors analysis was utilized to investigate the residual symptoms' related influencing factors. RESULT: In this study, 149 cases of patients were in record, for the residual symptoms, 71 patients can go to self-healing, 78 patients can not; age is 23-88, 30 cases in the young group, 46 cases in the middle aged group, 47 cases in the young elderly group, 26 cases in the elderly group; patients suffering from high blood pressure are 76 cases, 76 cases had diabetes, 47 cases had hyperlipidemia, 110 cases had heart disease, 43 cases had ischemic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION The residual symptoms in the elderly females patients and patients suffering from the hypertension, diabetes, heart disease patients and ischemic encephalopathy are not easy to heal by itself, in which, the older and the fact suffering from the hypertension and diabetes are the risk factors influencing the prognosis of the residual symptoms.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; complications ; therapy ; Chronic Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; complications ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Positioning ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; blood ; Child ; Female ; Hematuria ; etiology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; Vasculitis ; blood ; complications ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare outcomes effects of Chinese recognition materials in post-lingually deafened patients with cochlear implant. METHOD: Thirty-two post-lingually deafened cochlear implant users participated in the study. Each one of them was given a series of speech recognition tests including the speech recognition score of monosyllable words, spondee words, Chinese BKB sentences and MHINT in quiet, as well as speech recognition threshold of HOPE corpus in babble noise. Speech recognition scores and thresholds were compared among these test materials using histograms , scatter diagrams and statistical methods. RESULT: Recognition scores for spondee words, Chinese BKB sentences and MHINT were affected by ceiling effects, with 1,14 and 4 cases scored 100% respectivelty. Meanwhile, 17, 26 and 14 cases scored more than 85% correspondingly. On the other hand, speech recognition scores for monosyllable words in quiet and speech recognition threshold for HOPE corpus in babble noise were not affected. CONCLUSION For a considerable part of post-lingually deafened patients using cochlear implant, some Chinese speech recognition materials have demonstrated different degrees of ceiling effects. While speech recognition scores for monosyllable words in quiet and recognition threshold for HOPE corpus in noise can evaluate the performance of speech recognition abilitymore objectively.
Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Humans ; Language ; Noise ; Speech Perception ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based smoking prevention and control intervention program among elementary school students.

METHODSThrough two phase cluster sampling, 566 pupils in grade 4 and grade 5 of two schools were assigned to intervention group and control group. One year comprehensive smoking intervention was conducted in the intervention group. The assessment was carried out through three questionnaires: pre- and post-intervention, 6-month after intervention.

RESULTSAfter one year intervention, pupils in the intervention group significantly improved their knowledge and attitudes related to tobacco use. The rate of attempting smoking decreased form 7.8% to 2.6% and the rate of passive smoking from 53.6% to 41.8%. The difference between the intervention and control groups was statistically significant. However, several index started to decline at 6-month follow up survey.

CONCLUSIONThe result demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of tobacco control in elementary school and the positive effect must be developed.

Case-Control Studies ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Smoking Prevention ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; statistics & numerical data

Objective The present study aims to explore the optimal combination of growth factors, including TGF-?_1,IGF-I and BMP-2,for the induction of ehondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro monolayer culture. Methods MSCs were induced to differentiate into ehondrocytes in the medium with the following growth fac- tors:TGF-?_1,BMP-2 and IGF-I,either alone or in combination.We detected two cartilage specific markers in differentiated cells.Alcian blue stain was used for aggreean and RT-PCR for collagen type II mRNA.Results The level of Collagen typeⅡmRNA of group BMP-2+IGF-I,TGF-?_1,TGF-?_1+IGF-I,TGF-?_1+BMP-2 and TGF-?_1+IGF-I+BMP-2 was 0.147?0.062,0.478?0.069,0.489?0.022,0.653?0.013,0.807?0.051 respectively. Alcian blue stain in all gruups were positive.Conclusion The TGF-?_1+IGF-I+BMP-2 group is the most ef- fective combination in chondrogenesis induction.

It has been shown that Spirulina platensis can regulate imminological functions.We report here that crude extract and purified components (phycocyanin and polysaccharide) from Spirulina platensis can induce secretion of IL 2 in splenocyte of BALB/C mice by means of MTT method.In the present study,we showed that all experimental components can't enhance proliferation of CTLL which was used in MTT method,but induce IL 2 secretion in splenocyte of BALB/C mice in three different concentration (0.01,0.1,1 g?L -1 ).Indeed the purified components especially phycocyanin part showed stronger IL 2 inducing activity than the crude one.IL 2 level was grow up when the incubation time of splenocyte and Spirulina platensis increased.In the concentration of 1 g?L -1 ,detected Spirulina platensis in our study assist IL 2 inducing of ConA (2mg?L -1 ) in splenocyte of BALB/C mice.

Two thermotolerant, ethanol-producing yeast cultures: THFY-4 and THFY-16 were isolated from 381 nature samples. THFY-4 can grow on 30% glucose plate at 51 ℃,while THFY-16 can grow on the same medium at 45℃.After preliminary ide ntification, THFY-4 was identified as Kluyveromyces sp. and THFY-16 belon gs to Saccharomyces genus. The ethanol fermentation experiment shows that T HFY-4 can only produce 4.88% (v/v) ethanol from 20% glucose after 60 hours, wh ile THFY-16 can produce 11.44% ethanol under the same condition. When using s accharified Canna edulis Ker wort as fermentation medium, 9.43%(v/v) ethanol we re produced from 16.1% glucose, which is 91.0% of the theoretical yield.

Objective To study the NR5A1 gene mutation in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism(IHH), and to find the new mutation point.Methods Sixty-one IHH patients and 100 normal control subjects were collected and genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples.These patients were with normal karyotype and no abnormality was discovered in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the pituitary.Other endocrine diseases were also excluded.The 2-7 exons and splice-sites of NR5A1 gene were amplified with polymerase chain reaction.DNA of the coding sequence and splice-sites of NR5A 1 were sequenced by double deoxidizing terminal end sequencing method in 61 IHH and 100 normal control subjects.The results of sequencing were compared with their corresponding sequence data.61 IHH kindreds were investigated and the clinical data of these patients were collected.Finally, the phenotype and genotype positive cases were analyzed.Results Six patients carried NR5A1 gene mutational sites in 61 cases of IHH.Analysis of sequencing results from 100 age and ethnicity matched control subjects did not show any of these novel changes.Conclusions One mutation in NR5A1 gene may affect protein structure and function, which should be considered in male IHH patients with normal karyotype and without insufficiency of adrenal function.