Objective To explore the expression of tankyrase (TNKS) and its relationship with WNT/β-catenin signal?ing pathway in lung acinar adenocarcinoma. Methods Seventy-two samples of single subtype alveolar like lung adenocarci?noma (lung adenocarcinoma group) and 67 specimens of normal lung tissue adjacent to carcinoma (adjacent to carcinoma group) were collected. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect expressions of TNKS, beta-catenin (β-catenin) and c-myc protein. The correlation of each protein expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was analyzed. The differential ex?pression of TNKS was detected by Western blot assay in two groups. Results Tankyrase protein was mainly expressed in cy?toplasm. The expression ofβ-catenin protein was mainly in cytoplasm and nuclear of lung adenocarcinoma. The expression ofβ-catenin was mainly in cytoplasm, and a small amount was in nuclear of the adjacent group. The c-myc protein was ex?pressed mainly in the nucleus. The positive expression rates of TNKS,β-catenin and c-myc protein were significantly high?er in lung adenocarcinoma group than those of adjacent to carcinoma group (P<0.05). The expression ofβ-catenin in cyto?plasm and nucleus was positively correlated with the expression of TNKS and c-myc (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression level of TNKS was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma group than that of adja?cent to carcinoma group (0.497 ± 0.021 vs. 0.237 ± 0.015, t=13.00, P<0.01). Conclusion Abnormally high expression of TNKS in lung adenocarcinoma may promote the occurrence of lung cancer by regulating the WNT signaling pathways. Inhib?iting TNKS expression may become a new target to treat lung adenocarcinoma.

AIM: To investigate the visual recovery and complications in patients with traumatic cataract treated by intraocular lens Ⅰ phase implantation and Ⅱ phase implantation.?METHODS: Totally 86 patients with traumatic cataract (86 eyes) treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled in the retrospective study, and they were divided into the control group ( treated by intraocular lens Ⅰ phase implantation, 46 eyes) and the observation group ( treated by intraocular lens Ⅱ phase implantation, 40 eyes). The general situation of surgery, the visual recovery at 6mo after operation and the incidence rate of complications in two groups were observed.?RESULTS: There were no significant differences in surgical time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization time between the two groups (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of visual acuity between the two groups before operation between the twogroups (P>0. 05). At 6mo after operation, the excellent and good rates of visual acuity in two groups obviously increased ( P<0. 05 ), while there was no significant difference in the excellent and good rates of visual acuity at 6mo after operation between the two groups ( P > 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rates of posterior capsule rupture and vitreous body prolapse (P>0. 05). The incidence rates of corneal edema, iridocyclitis and posterior capsular opacification in the observation group after operation were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION:The effects of IOLⅠphase implantation and Ⅱ phase implantation are similar in patients with traumatic cataract, in terms of the general situation and improvement of visual recovery. However, the incidence of complications after Ⅱ phase implantation is relatively lower.

With the development of CT and the popularization of health examination, the detection rate of small pulmonary nodules has been improved. Some small pulmonary nodules could be malignant nodules. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment. Therefore, it is an important task for thoracic surgeons to accurately locate pulmonary nodules during surgery and remove nodules accurately on the premise of maximum protection of lung function. At present, the core of preoperative auxiliary localization of pulmonary nodules is the implantation of markers. The commonly used clinical localization methods include hook wire localization, microcoil localization, methylene blue puncture injection localization and biological glue localization. In this paper, the development status, application scope, advantages and disadvantages of existing localization methods are briefly reviewed, which can provide references for clinical application and follow-up research.

AIM:To investigate the changes of choroidal thickness in patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) after vitreous injection of ranibizumab,and to analyze the relationship between the thickness of choroid and the visual acuity of the patients.METHODS:Eighty patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy were selected from January 1,2014 to January 1,2017.All patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table,40 cases in each group.The control group was treated in a conventional manner,and the observation group was injected with ranibizumab in the vitreous.The thickness of the choroid in the macular area and the thickness of the retinal neuroepithelium in the macular area were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.The changes of the corrected visual acuity were analyzed at 1mo before and after treatment.The relationship between the thickness of the choroid and the thickness of the retinal neuroepithelium and the best corrected visual acuity were compared.The complications and adverse events were compared between the two groups after 6wk of treatment.RESULTS:The thickness of the choroid and the retinal neuroepithelium in the macular area before were 219.57± 51.24μm and 474.76 ± 95.56μm,respectively,in the observation group and the control group,217.56± 50.36μm and 473.27 ± 96.48μm,respectively.The thickness of the choroid and the thickness of the retinal neuroepithelium in the macular area after treatment were 180.15±42.06μm and 382.18±84.26,202.48±48.28μm and 407.88± 44.25μm,respectively.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The best corrected visual acuity in the observation group and the control group were 0.47±0.19 and 0.53±0.25 respectively (P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between the choroidal thickness and the best corrected visual acuity in the macular fovea (regression coefficient=1.12,S=0.48,OR=1.376,P＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between retinal neuroepithelial thickness and best corrected visual acuity in the macular area (regression coefficient =0.95,S=0.27,OR=1.020,P＜ 0.05).There were 2 eyes (5％) with subconjunctival hemorrhage,1 eyes (2.5％) of glaucoma,1 eyes (2.5％) of vitreous hemorrhage,0 of choroidal detachment,retinal detachment in 0 in observation group at 6wk after treatment.There were 4 eyes (10％) with subconjunctival hemorrhage,2 eyes (5％) of glaucoma,2 eyes of vitreous hemorrhage (5％),2 eyes of choroidal detachment (5％),retinal detachment in 2 eyes (5％) in the control group,and the difference between the two groups on the complications and adverse reactions was statistically significant (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The choroidal thickness of patients with macular edema in severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is correlated with the best corrected visual acuity.Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab can effectively reduce the macular fovea choroidal thickness,reduce macular edema and improve vision,and less complications.

Aim To study the effect of circulating mi-crovesicles containing miR-27 a on blood brain barrier tight junction injury of ischemia stroke mice and its mechanism. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model was established, and the mi-crovesicles in the supernatant of 2 h of ischemic stroke brain tissues were separated by centrifugal ultrafiltra-tion method. The transmission electron microscopy was used to observe microvesicle morphology, and the di-ameter of microvesicles was detected. Based on the 2 h ischemia stroke mouse model, mice were injected via femoral vein with microvesicles at 5 mg · kg-1 . TTC staining was applied to detect infarction volume of is-chemia brain, while HE staining was applied to detect the expression change of tight junction protein occludin and claudin-5 . Western blot was subjected to detect occludin, claudin-5, TLR4, NF-κB and p38 protein expression. ELISA method was used to measure the contents of cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Results The microvesicle shape was approximately circular bi-lateral membrane structure, with an average diameter of 160 nm, which conformed to the morphological char-acteristics of microvesicles. Compared with the ische-mic stroke group, injection of microvesicles could ag-gravate the damage of brain tissues in ischemic mice, further increase the infarct volume and reduce the posi-tive staining areas of occludin and claudin-5 in ische-mia brain tissues. Meanwhile, the protein expressions of occludin and claudin-5 further decreased, and fur-ther up-regulated TLR4 and phosphorylation of NF-κB and p38 compared with the ischemia stroke group. Al-so, more content of IL-1βand TNF-αwere detected in ischemia stroke group injected with microvesicles com-pared with those in ischemia stroke group with signifi-cant difference, while the injection of antagomir-27a could alleviate brain damage and reduce the activation of TLR4, NF-κB and p38 in ischemia stroke mice. Conclusions Microvesicles containing miR-27 a could significantly attenuate brain injury in ischemia stroke mice, while aggravate the tight junction damage of ischemia brain. The mechanism might be correlated with the up-regulation of the expression of TLR4 , the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p38, and the release of cy-tokines IL-1β and TNF-α.

BACKGROUNDMagnetic anchored surgical instruments (MASI), relying on magnetic force, can break through the limitations of the single port approach in dexterity. Individual characteristic abdominal wall thickness (ICAWT) deeply influences magnetic force that determines the safety of MASI. The purpose of this study was to research the abdominal wall characteristics in MASI applied environment to find ICAWT, and then construct an artful method to predict ICAWT, resulting in better safety and feasibility for MASI.

METHODSFor MASI, ICAWT is referred to the thickness of thickest point in the applied environment. We determined ICAWT through finding the thickest point in computed tomography scans. We also investigated the traits of abdominal wall thickness to discover the factor that can be used to predict ICAWT.

RESULTSAbdominal wall at C point in the middle third lumbar vertebra plane (L3) is the thickest during chosen points. Fat layer thickness plays a more important role in abdominal wall thickness than muscle layer thickness. "BMI-ICAWT" curve was obtained based on abdominal wall thickness of C point in L3 plane, and the expression was as follow: f(x) = P1 × x 2 + P2 × x + P3, where P1 = 0.03916 (0.01776, 0.06056), P2 = 1.098 (0.03197, 2.164), P3 = -18.52 (-31.64, -5.412), R-square: 0.99.

CONCLUSIONSAbdominal wall thickness of C point at L3 could be regarded as ICAWT. BMI could be a reliable predictor of ICAWT. In the light of "BMI-ICAWT" curve, we may conveniently predict ICAWT by BMI, resulting a better safety and feasibility for MASI.

Abdominal Wall ; anatomy & histology ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Instruments ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of gene polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-1377C/T and expression of TLR3 with the susceptibility to enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis in children.

METHODSA total of 187 children with EV71 infection (59 children in the encephalitis group and 128 in the non-encephalitis group) and 232 children who underwent physical examination were enrolled in the case-control study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of TLR3.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR3-1377C/T between the non-encephalitis group and the encephalitis group. Compared with the control group, the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 (P<0.05), and the non-encephalitis group had the highest level (P<0.05). The encephalitis group had a significantly higher EV71 viral load than the non-encephalitis group (P<0.01). The children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the encephalitis group and the non-encephalitis group had significant increases in the serum level of TLR3 compared with their counterparts in the control group (P<0.05), and the children aged <1 year or ≥1 year in the non-encephalitis group had a significantly higher serum level of TLR3 than those in the encephalitis group (P<0.05). In the encephalitis group, the children aged ≥1 year had a significantly higher TLR3 concentration than those aged <1 year (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the TLR3 concentration between the children aged ≥1 year and <1 year in the non-encephalitis group and the control group. In the encephalitis group, the proportion of children aged <1 year was significantly higher than those aged ≥1 year (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe TLR3-1377C/T gene polymorphisms are not significantly associated with the development of EV71 encephalitis. Low expression of TLR3 might weaken the inhibitory effect on virus replication and promote the development of EV71 encephalitis. The deficiency in the expression of TLR3 in serum after EV71 infection might be an important factor for the development of encephalitis in infants.

Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis, Viral ; genetics ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; genetics

Objective To compare the expression of CD 49f splicing isoforms in different human stem cells and colon cancer cell lines , and construct lentiviral vectors overexpressing specific isoform .Methods The expression of CD49f isoforms in different cells was detected by RT-PCR and real-time PCR.The lentiviral vectors overexpressing CD49f isoforms were constructed by molecular cloning method .The overexpression of CD49f in colon cancer cell line HT29 was confirmed by FCM, Western blot and real-time PCR, the invasive ability was examined by transwell assay.Results CD49f splicing isoform B was highly expressed in H 9 human embryonic stem cell line , while iso-form A expressed in epithelial cells .Both isoform A and B were expressed in mesenchymal cells .CD49f isoforms A and B were also expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines , while HT29 and HCT116 showed higher expression of iso-form A than isoform B , HCT8 and LoVo showed higher expression of isoform B than isoform A .Overexpression of CD49f isoform B greatly increased the invasive ability of HT 29 cells, while isoform A showed no effect .Conclusions The expressions of CD49f splicing isoforms A and B in different types of cells are significantly different , which sug-gests that CD49f isoforms play different biological functions in cells .

Objective To understand the characteristics and relation of clinical stage and outcome of severe cases on hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and to establish the evaluation method for understanding severity of this disease.Methods According to factors as geographical location,economic and epidemic levels,five provinces (Henan,Shandong,Yunnan,Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces) were selected.Reported severe cases of HFMD from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System were selected randomly in the five provinces.Basic epidemiological information,clinical data,and pathogen testing results in the involved hospitals were collected.Clinical stages on all the patients were decided in accordance with "the clinical expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment for severe case of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) infections (2011 edition)".Data were analyzed using SPSS software 18.0 and other epidemiological methods.Results A total of 657 severe HFMD cases were investigated,with 326 cases positive of EV71,accounting for 91.3％ (326/357) among all the laboratory-confirmed cases.Of the 657 cases,542 cases (82.5％,95％CI:79.4％-85.3％) were diagnosed as in stage 2 (with nervous system involvement),99 cases (15.1％,95％CI:12.4％-18.0％) in stage 3 (early phase of function failure on heart and lung),and 16 cases (2.4％,95％CI:1.4％-3.9％) were in stage 4 (function failure of heart and lung).11 cases (1.7％,95％CI:0.9％-3.0％) were with squeal when discharged from hospital with 8 cases (1.2％,95％CI:0.6％-2.3％) died.When comparing the proportions among stage 2,stage 3 and stage 4,significant differences were found between age groups (x2=22.632,P=0.012).The younger the patient was the lower the proportions of stage 2 and the more proportion of stage 3 appeared.When comparing the proportions of clinical stages among the five provinces,significant differences (x2=41.481,P =0.000) were noticed.Proportions of different clinical stages in gender,ethnicity,occupation,place of residence types and the type of pathogen appeared no significant differences,respectively.However,the proportions of squeal and death in stage 2,stage 3 and stage 4 showed significant differences (sequela:x2=12.960,P=0.001;Death:x 2=16.850,P=0.001),respectively.Conclusions The pcrccntage of clinical stages of severe HFMD patients related to the rate of squeal and death.Clinical staging can be used for assessing the clinical severity of complications and the effectiveness of treatment,of HFMD.

Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) has been the focus of nuclear medicine since its introduction. With the in-depth study of FAPI tracer, its clinical application in various non-malignant diseases has also been gradually reported. Many studies have confirmed its uptake in a variety of non-malignant diseases, which indicate that FAPI tracers have good application prospects. This article reviews the latest research status and clinical application of radiolabeled FAPIs in cardiovascular diseases, rheumatic immune diseases, immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related diseases, renal fibrosis and other non-malignant diseases at home and abroad.