Up to date, eight types of human herpes viruses have been identified, all of which are ubiquitous, and usually establish latent infection in the host after primary infection. Since most of the herpes viruses are maintained in an asymptomatic form, they are often neglected. However, under some circumstances, these herpes viruses can cause fatal or severe diseases. Furthermore, the association of herpes viruses with hematopoietic malignancies is attracting researchers' attention. With the extensive development of hematopoietic stem cell and organ transplantation, reports regarding transplantation failure and complication caused by infection of human herpes virus has been increasing. Cytokine storm was firstly suggested as the mechanism of graft-versus-host diseases. In recent years, which has also been applied in the pathogenesis research of inflammation, and is supposed to play an important role in severe virus infection. In this paper, through discussing the possible role of latent infection of human herpes virus in the failure or complication of bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and in refractory leukemia, the function and significance of latent infection of human herpes virus and the cytokine storm it caused were investigated.
Cytokines ; immunology ; Hematopoietic System ; immunology ; virology ; Herpesviridae Infections ; Humans ; Virus Latency

As pioneer of tumor stem cell research, leukemia stem cell research has not only important theoretical significance, but also clinical application potential. The survival and development of stem cells are directly impacted by their microenvironment. The research on leukemia stem cells and their microenvironment are now becoming a hot topic. The author presumes that stem cells are a population with heterogenecity and hierarchy; any single cell from the population is difficult to form a clone; the interaction between the leukemia stem cell and its microenvironment can be described by the concept of leukemia stem cell niche. In this article, the leukemia cell population with heterogenecity and hierarchy as well as leukemia stem cell niche were summarized and discussed.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stem Cell Niche ; cytology ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; immunology

Relapse, which puzzled several generations of hematologists, is the bottle-neck of radical treatment for leukemias. The progress of Human Microbiome Project at the beginning of 21st century suggested that human body was a super-organism constituted by the core of human cells and symbiotic microorganisms. The elucidation and characterization of endogenous retrovirus and prion protein suggested the possible effects of co-evolutional microorganisms on human health. Recently, the elucidation of the roles of tunneling nanotubes in intercellular communication and transportation suggested a novel way for cellular communication and transport of oncogenic materials. The role and significance of in vivo cell fusion have been studied in more detail. On the other hand, donor cell leukemia was reported. All of these approaches provide novel insights for studying the mechanism of leukemia relapse. Based on previous work, the authors suggest the hypothesis: there are two possible mechanisms for the relapse of leukemias: the minimal residual disease (MRD) and intercellular transportation of oncogenic materials.
Cell Fusion ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Neoplasm, Residual ; pathology ; Recurrence

The aim of this study was to observe and compare the endogenous circadian rhythm and photoresponse of Clock gene transcription in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and pineal gland (PG) of rats. With free access to food and water in special darkrooms, Sprague-Dawley rats were housed under the light regime of constant darkness (DD) for 8 weeks (n=36) or 12 hour-light: 12 hour-dark cycle (LD) for 4 weeks (n=36), respectively. Then, their SCN and PG were dissected out every 4 h in a circadian day, 6 rats at each time (n=6). All animal treatments and sampling during the dark phases were conducted under red dim light (<0.1 lux). The total RNA was extracted from each sample and the semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the temporal mRNA changes of Clock gene in the SCN and PG at different circadian times (CT) or zeitgeber times (ZT). The grayness ratio of Clock/H3.3 bands was served as the relative estimation of Clock gene expression. The experimental data were analyzed by the Cosine method and the Clock Lab software to fit original results measured at 6 time points and to simulate a circadian rhythmic curve which was then examined for statistical difference by the amplitude F test. The main results are as follows: (1) The mRNA levels of Clock gene in the SCN under DD regime displayed the circadian oscillation (P<0.05). The endogenous rhythmic profiles of Clock gene transcription in the PG were similar to those in the SCN (P>0.05) throughout the day with the peak at the subjective night (CT15 in the SCN or CT18 in the PG) and the trough during the subjective day (CT3 in the SCN or CT6 in the PG). (2) Clock gene transcription in the SCN under LD cycle also showed the circadian oscillation (P<0.05), and the rhythmic profile was anti-phasic to that under DD condition (P<0.05). The amplitude and the mRNA level at the peak of Clock gene transcription in the SCN under LD were significantly increased compared with that under DD (P<0.05), while the value of corresponding rhythmic parameters in the PG under LD were remarkably decreased (P<0.05). (3) Under LD cycle, the circadian profiles of Clock gene transcription induced by light in the PG were quite different from those in the SCN (P<0.05). Their Clock transcription rhythms were anti-phasic, i.e., showing peaks at the light phase ZT10 in the SCN or at the dark time ZT17 in the PG and troughs during the dark time ZT22 in the SCN or during the light phase ZT5 in the PG. The findings of the present study indicate a synchronous endogenous nature of the Clock gene circadian transcriptions in the SCN and PG, and different roles of light regime in modulating the circadian transcriptions of Clock gene in these two central nuclei.
Animals ; CLOCK Proteins ; genetics ; Circadian Rhythm ; physiology ; Male ; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate ; physiology ; Pineal Gland ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ; physiology ; Transcription, Genetic

BACKGROUNDBoth p16(INK4) and p21(Waf1) are tumor suppressors with similar biological functions in the regulation of cellular senescence. Previous reports showed that p16(INK4) could be activated by p21(Waf1) through transcriptional factor Sp1 in HeLa cells. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of p16(INK4) on the expression and functions of p21(Waf1).

METHODSHuman diploid fibroblast 2BS cells were stably transfected with sense (2BS/p16(INK4)), antisense p16(INK4) (2BS/asp16(INK4)) or empty vector (2BS/neo). Then they were assayed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and Western blot.

RESULTS2BS/p16(INK4) cells exhibited cell cycle arrest in both G1 and G2/M phases. Endogenous p21(Waf1) protein levels increased twofold in the 2BS/p16(INK4) cells, but not decreased in the 2BS/asp16(INK4) cells. p21(Waf1) mRNA levels were not affected in neither 2BS/p16(INK4) nor 2BS/asp16(INK4) cells.

CONCLUSIONp16(INK4) may play an important role in the regulation of cellular senescence by modulating the p21(Waf1) protein level via the posttranscriptional mechanism.

Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Senescence ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; physiology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; physiology ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; Humans ; Transcription, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical effects of internal fixation in treating displaced clavicle fracture combined with coracoid process.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to July 2012, 9 patients with displaced clavicle fracture combined with coracoid process were treated by internal fixation. Among them, there were 6 males and 3 females with an average age of 40.1 (ranged from 20 to 57) years old. According to Eyres classification: 3 cases were type II B, 1 case was type II A, 3 cases were type III B, and 2 cases were type V A. All patients had history of injury, and diagnosed as coracoid fracture X-ray and CT before operation. Herscovici criteria was used to evaluate function of shoulders joint after operation.

RESULTSSeven of 9 patients were followed up from 6 to 18 (averaged 11) months. The incisions were healed at stage I, coracoid process obtained bony healing, and reduction of acromioclavicular joint well. According to Herscovici criteria, 6 patients got excellent results and 1 in good.

CONCLUSIONInternal fixation for the treatment of displaced clavicle fracture combined with coracoid process could restore physiological anatomical position of coracoid process, and benefit for recovery of limb function.

Adult ; Clavicle ; injuries ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Scapula ; injuries ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries

Objective To develop an intelligent wound therapeutic instrument based on active instillation and negative pressure suction.Methods SCM coordinated peristaltic pumps, solenoid valves and pressure receptor to infuse perfusate into the wound and retained it for a period of time. The perfusate then was eliminated by negative pressure and the wound was kept in the state of negative pressure. The instrument could give out alarm in case of bad tightness, over-high pressure and blocked negative-pressure pipeline.Results Peristaltic pump and central negative pressure were involved in to complete wound perfusion and irrigation, with perfusate controlled quantitatively and negative pressure kept reliable. The pressures in the wound and pipeline could be monitored at real time by the pressure receptor, and timely alarm was implemented when unexpected conditions occurred.Conclusion The instrument behaves well in automation, intelligence and safety, and thus is worth popularizing clinically.

A wireless energy transmission system for the MEMS system inside alimentary tracts is reported here in the paper. It consists of an automatic frequency tracking circuit of phase lock loop and phase shift PWM control circuit. Experimental results show that the energy transmission system is capable of automatic frequency-tracking and transmission power-adjusting and has stable received energy.
Digestive System ; Electric Power Supplies ; Equipment Design ; Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems ; Telemetry ; Wireless Technology

OBJECTIVETo assess long term stent implantation efficacy of myocardial bridge and severe atherosclerosis lesions in the segments proximal to the myocardial bridge.

METHODSThe study population consisted of 3 groups (103 patients). Group A included 28 patients with severe atherosclerosis lesion of luminal narrowing of > or = 70% in the segments proximal to the myocardial bridge. Group B included 16 patients with symptomatic myocardial bridge lesion of systolic luminal narrowing of > or = 95%. Group C included 59 patients with severe atherosclerotic lesion of luminal narrowing of > or = 70%. All lesions were successfully treated with stent by standard interventional techniques. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed before and immediately after stent deployment. Follow-up Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at six months or later. Clinical evaluation was done at 20 months after PCI.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in luminal diameter and stent diameter among 3 groups immediately after stent implantation (P > 0.05). At six months, restenosis occurred in 4 patients in Group A (14.3%), in 7 patients in Group B (43.7%), and in 8 patients in Group C (14.8%), respectively. The rate of restenosis was significantly lower in group A and C than in group B (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between group A and C. Additional balloon dilating of stent were performed in all restenosis patients. Clinical evaluation at 20 months showed that all patients remained free of angina and cardiac events.

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of intracoronary stent implantation in treating severe atherosclerosis lesion in the segments proximal to the myocardial bridge is not affected by abnormal haemodynamic changes of myocardial bridges. The rate of restenosis in intracoronary stent implantation of myocardial bridges is higher than that of atherosclerotic lesions in the segments proximal to myocardial bridge.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Atherosclerosis ; therapy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Bridging ; therapy ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome