BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis, known as "a quiet epidemic disease", is an "invisible killer" that impairs the health of the elderly. Fracture as the most dangerous complication of osteoporosis is not only a medical problem, but also a serious social problem. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the selection, establishment methods, characters and evaluation of the animal model of osteoporosis. METHODS: A computed-based search of CBM, WanFang, VIP, CNKI and PubMed databases was conducted for the relevant articles published from January 1986 to December 2016 using the keywords of "osteoporosis, animal models" in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally 39 articles were included for result analysis after reading the title and abstract. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Animal experiments play an important role in the studies of osteoporosis, so a desirable animal model should hold similarity, reliability, repeatability, applicability, controllability, efficacy and economy. Osteoporosis is a progressive and long-lasting disease that has different characteristics at different stages. But an animal model only simulates one etiology, one stage, major symptoms and pathophysiological changes, and cannot exhibit the whole pathological changes. The current study suggests that animal species and modeling methods can affect the characters of models, and there is a lack of standards for animal age, feeding methods, modeling time and assessment.

OBJECTIVETo compare screw's inserting angle through the 11th and 12th rib in treating L1 burst fracture, explore effects on inserting screw and postoperative angle.

METHODSFrom October 2007 to October 2010, 108 patients with L1 brust fracture treated through anterior approach were analyzed,including 68 males and 40 females, aged from 21 to 64 years (mean 38.22 years). All patients were divided into the 11th (A, 51 cases) and 12th (B, 57 cases) approach. The data of operation time,blood loss, duration of incision pain, JOA score, Oswestry score, VAS score, quality of life (SF-36), recovery of nervous function, coronal Cobb angle, included angle between screw and plate were observed.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 9 to 37 months, mean 23 months. The operation time, blood loss, duration of incision pain, in group A were lower than group B (P<0.05), JOA score, Oswestry score, VAS score, SF-36, recovery of nervous function had no significant differences (P>0.05). There were no differences in Cobb angle before operation, but had significance after operation (P=0.000). There were statistically significance between two group in angle between screw and plate (P=0.000, P=0.003).

CONCLUSIONThe 11th rib approach for the treatment of L1 burst fracture has less effects on screw, less trauma and less angle between screw and plate.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Recovery of Function ; Rib Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Ribs ; surgery ; Spinal Cord ; physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective: To search for an optimal strategy for the treatment of penile and scrotal gangrene by analyzing the clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) as an adjuvant treatment on this disease. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 4 cases of penile and scrotal gangrene treated by VSD as an adjuvant treatment from January 2015 to June 2016. The 4 patients all underwent early extensive and radical debridement of gangrene of the scrotum and penis and received intravenous injection of two broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by VSD for wound drainage and irrigation. RESULTS: Adequate wound drainage was achieved in all the 4 cases, the gangrene range rapidly localized and testicular necrosis avoided. The wound surface healed satisfactorily after cleansing and suturing. The patients were followed up for 3 months after discharged from the hospital and none experienced recurrence. CONCLUSIONS VSD combined with early adequate debridement can effectively localize the gangrene range, significantly reduce the frequency of changing dressings and shorten the hospitalization time of the patient, and therefore is a very effective adjuvant treatment of penile and scrotal gangrene.
Debridement ; Gangrene ; therapy ; Genital Diseases, Male ; pathology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; methods ; Penis ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum ; pathology ; Testis ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Vacuum

Objective : The CRISPR / dCas9-SAM system was used to explore genes related to the proliferation of gastric cancer cells AGS，and their role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer was analyzed． Methods : sgRNA was designed for genes with differential expression between gastric cancer and normal gastric tissue， and a lentiviral library was obtained after packaging was constructed．The AGS cells at different time points after the library was infected with AGS cells were used as the screening pressure，and the AGS cells at three time points on days 0，7 and 14 were collected．High-throughput sequencing analyzed sgRNA enrichment in AGS cells at dif- ferent time points after infection to obtain differential genes related to AGS cell proliferation. Results : Bioinformat- ics showed that compared with the 0 d group，42 and 45 negative screening differential genes and 59 and 40 posi- tive screening differential genes were obtained in the 7 d group and 14 d group，respectively．Among them，the 7 d group and the 14 d group had 11 genes in the negative screening and the positive screening． Conclusion In this study，11 genes inhibiting the proliferation of AGS cells were screened，of which 5 were protein-coding genes and 6 were long non-coding RNA ( lncRNA ) genes． 11 candidate genes that promoted AGS cell proliferation were screened，of which 3 were protein-coding genes and 8 were lncRNA genes．It laid a foundation for further function- al verification and comprehensive analysis of the occurrence and development process of gastric cancer.