Orbital surgery is one of the most complex surgeries in ophthalmology, with many clinical ethics issues.This paper aims to analyze the implementation process of all kinds of orbital surgeries in the view of ethics, and to explore the relevant clinical ethical issues and countermeasures during the orbital surgery.

Abstract?AlM: To assess the efficacy and safety of trypan blue and indocyanine green ( lCG ) for continuous curvilineal capsulorrhexis ( CCC ) in mature or hypermature phacoemulsification.?METHODS: A total of 122 eyes of 122 cases with cataracts in mature and hypermature were randomly divided into three groups, trypan blue staining group was 46 eyes of 46 cases as group A, lCG staining group was 40 eyes of 40 cases as group B, control group was 36 eyes of 36 cases as group C. Staining groups were used to 0. 2mL trypan blue or lCG injected into the anterior chamber during operation, respectively. The success rate of CCC, lens posterior capsule rupture and implanted intraocular lens pouch were observed and compared during operation. Anterior chamber inflammation was observed after operation, and compared with the control group to observe and analysis.? RESULTS: The success rate of CCC, implanted intraocular lens pouch were statistically significant difference in trypan blue staining group ( group A ) than that in control group (group C) (P<0. 05). lmplanted intraocular lens pouch was statistically significant difference in lCG group ( group B ) than that in control group ( group C ) ( P<0. 05 ) . The rate of lens posterior capsule rupture was no statistically significant difference in all three groups ( P > 0. 05 ) . Anterior chamber inflammation was no significant difference in the postoperative reaction among the three groups.?CONCLUSlON:The application of trypan blue or lCG for lens capsule staining before CCC in lack of red reflective mature and hypermature cataracts is safe and effective, both results are comparable. lt guarantees a complete CCC and improves the success rate of phacoemulsification.

A descriptive study to investigate the situation of cross-cultural adaptation and health status among medical international students was carried out using cluster sampling method and self-designed questionnaire in Dalian Medical University.148 international students come from 24 countries.There are 5 religions belief among these students.Islam,Catholic,Hindu,Buddhism and Sikhism.The main obstacles of cross-cultural adaptation are language,accommodation and diet.Economic status and stress of interpersonal relationship are also the main causes affecting the physical and mental health of medical international students.

Alcoholism ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory Disorders ; prevention & control ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the application of 1H-MR spectroscopy in predicting the value of each grade range and grading of glioma invasion. Methods A restrospective analysis was conducted on the preoperative biopsy or posoperative pathology confirmed glioma in 33 cases. Cerebral gliomas were graded into four categories based on the stan?dard of WHO(2007):grade I, II, III andⅣ. All patients underwent MRI and 1H-MR spectroscopy before operation. The 1H-MR spectroscopy analysis was used to analysis metabolite NAA,Cho,Cr and NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr in the tu?mor area, peritumoral region and normal area. Results 1H-MRS revealed that there were no significantly differences in Cho, Cho/Cr, NAA/Cho between the peritumoral region and tumor area of grade I glioma (P<0.025). However, there were significantly differences in Cho, Cr, NAA/Cho, Cho/Cr ratio between peritumoral region and the normal brain tissue of grade I glioma (P<0.025). There were significantly differences in NAA, NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr ratio between peritumoral re? gion and the tumor area of grade II glioma (P<0.025). There were statistically significantly differences in Cho, NAA, Cr, NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr ratio between the peritumoral region and normal brain tissue of Grade III orⅣglioma (P<0.025). The ratio of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho were correlated with the pathological grade(F values were 403.9 and 159.46, P<0.05), and the ratio of NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho were decreased gradually whereas the ratio of Cho/Cr was gradually in?creased(F=119.91,P<0.05). Conclusion The 1H-MR spectroscopy analysis has a predictive value in evaluating the lev?el of glioma invasion and determining the grading of glioma before surgery, which is very helpful for the surgical plan and the scope of resection, thereby reducing the recurrence and prognosis of the patients after surgery.

OBJECTIVE To define the regularity of survival ability of HIV in natural environment,and prevent(infection) through contacting with positive body fluids during daily life or medical work.METHODS Having been diluted by sterile water or 10% serum RPMI 1640 medium,HIV was exposed to 4℃,room temperature(20-26℃) or 37℃ for different period of time.TCID_(50) of these samples was detected.Non-pathological samples were blind passaged for three generations.RESULTS HIV infective ability persisted more than 35 days both in(water) and medium at 4℃;whereas it persisted 7-14 days in water,14-21 days in medium at room temperature and 37℃.CONCLUSIONS HIV has higher resistance in natural environment.To prevent accidental spreading of HIV,HIV positive liquids and contaminants staffs should be treated carefully.

A stable and efficient L-Malic acid accumulation mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae ME-M15 was discovered occasionally in the mutation breading for fumaric acid producers. Rhizopus oryzae ME-M15 gave a L-Malic acid output of 16.3 g/L on average after fermentation for 96 hours, more than 3 times than that of the parent strain ME-F10. In addition, other metabolites such as ethanol and fumaric acid were re-markably decreased in accordance with the depressed activity of the cytosolic isoenzyme of fumarase and alcohol dehydrogenase in strain ME-M15, while the activity of the pyruvate carboxylase had no significant difference.

The bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials for organic acid had great meaning to both economic and social benefit,owning to its renewable character,abundance and low price.In order to find out the key to the efficient utilization of lignocellulose,kinds of fermentation strategies to product organic acid(such as loctic acid,funaric acid)from lignocellulcsic were discussed,also the xylose metabolic pathway of Rhizopus sp.was extensively reviewed,and it find out that the low conversion of xylose was the bottle-block.

0.05).Conclusions It suggests that immune dysfunction exists in child patients with VM,MIF,TNF-? and IL-1? may play a role in the VM pathogenesis,and they can be a new indicator for VM.