OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Sapium sebiferum leaves. METHODS: The chemical constituents in the petroleum ether and n-butyl alcohol parts of the 95% ethanol extract of Sapium sebiferum leaves were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by spectral data and physicochemical properties. RESULTS: Twelve compounds were purified and identified as squalene(1), 3β-hydroxyglutin-5-ene(2), fraxetin(3), friedelin(4), β-sitosterol(5), gallic acid ethyl ester (6), quercetin (7), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (8), blumenol C glucoside (9), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), 1'-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″-6') -β-D-glucopyranoside(11), and shikimic acid(12). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-3, and 8-12 are isolated for the first time from this plant.

Objective To investigate the significance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in cross-match test of donor-recipient before organ transplantation.Methods HLA glycoproteins were prepared by solubilizing the lymphocytes of donor with a non-ionic detergent, and bond to the monoclonal antibody specific for HLA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ immobilized in the ELISA tray. ELISA with addition of recipients' serum and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) were compared.Results Cross-match test was performed by two methods for lymphocytes of 40 donors and sera of 72 recipients. All samples were successfully tested. The results of one pair of donor-recipient cross-match test by two methods were different.Conclusion ELISA for cross-match test is simple, convenient and time-saving, but more sensitive and specific than CDC.

Medical Solace Words are a kind of working language used by medical staff who tend to offer solace and encouragement to patients on purpose of medical treatment,and it is a kind of oral language frequently applied by medical staff in the new medical mode.Medical solace aims at decreasing and eliminating patients' negative emotions and improving their mood so as to establish a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients,and make the treatment smooth as well.This article analyzes medical solace words from the perspective of linguistic pragmatics,revealing that for the concealment and complexity of the expressing context for medical words,and the unique programmatic rules of medical language,medical staff should pay much attention to the language hierarchy and grasp the explanatory principle and the guiding principle of medical solace language to achieve the targeted effects of medical solace.

Objective To evaluate the practical value of Serology, PCR-SSP and PCR-SSOP for HLA-B typing. Methods A total of 30 samples, the blood of patients and donors waiting kidney transplantation, were used in the study. HLA-B typing was performed by one-step monoclonal antibody typing, micro PCR-SSP typing and PCR-SSOP reverse hybridisation. Results All samples were successfully typed by three methods. The difference between serological and PCR-SSP typing was 13%. The difference between PCR-SSOP and PCR-SSP typing was 3%. Conclusion Serology is high discrepancy rate and low-resolution, but cheap, simple and rapid. PCR-SSP and PCR-SSOP typing are high specific and accuracy. SSP is suitable for several samples, and SSOP is for lots of samples simultaneously although it needed long time.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective way to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).The therapy effect of allo-HSCT comes from the preconditioning of the radiation and/or chemotherapy,as well as the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect of the donor' s immune system.In nearly a decade,with the deepening research on biological characteristics of leukemia cells,according to the cytogenetic and molecular markers to dangerous degree classification of AML,which enables us to pick out AML patients can benefit from allo-HSCT.The clinical curative effect of allo-HSCT for AML has obviously improved,and applicable scope has also extended,but there are some differences in the application of AML.The mechanism,opportunity,curative effects,donor selection and preconditioning of allo-HSCT for AML are discussed.

目的观察壮腰活血汤治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法将198例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组内服壮腰活血汤配合腰椎牵引、超短波等治疗;对照组采取与治疗组相同的物理治疗方法。治疗2个疗程和疗程结束2个月后进行疗效评定。结果治疗组的有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05—0.01)。结论壮腰活血汤治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效确切,并且远期疗效更优。

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on the proliferation of human erythroleukemia K562 cells and its mechanisms.Methods After K562 cells (purchased from Shanghai cell bank of chinese academy of science) were treated with different concentrations (0 mg/L,100 mg/L,200 mg/L and 400 mg/L) of APS.The influences of APS on the growth rate,doubling time and cell cycle distribution of K562 cells were observed by methyl thiazolyl tetra-zolium assay (MTF) and flow cytometry,respectively.Furthermore,the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting assay were used to detect the expressions of Cyclin A,Cyclin B,Cyclin E and p21 gene at the mRNA and protein levels,respectively.Results MTT assay findings showed that,compared to the control group (0 mg/L APS),growth rates of K562 cells treated with 100 mg/L,200 mg/L and 400 mg/L APS decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.01),and the doubling times lengthened significantly (all P ＜ 0.01).Flow cytometry findings revealed that,compared to the control group,the G1 phase cells in K562 cells of APS group increased significantly (P ＜0.01),while the S and G2/M phase cells decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.01).RT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that Cyclin B and Cyclin E expression of K562 cells at the mRNA and protein levels in the APS group were significantly lower than those of the control group(all P ＜ 0.01),whereas p21 expression was significantly enhanced at mRNA and protein levels (P ＜ 0.01),and Cyclin A expression was not significantly different at mRNA and protein levels between the 2 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions APS could inhibit the proliferation of human erythroleukemia K562 cells.APS could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells by down-regulating the expression of Cyclin B and Cyclin E and up-regulating the expression of p21.

Objective To study features of clinical manifestation,pathology and treatment effects of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).Methods A retrospective study was performed in patients with membranous nephropathy through renal biopsy diagnosis in Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from November 2009 to February 2013.Patients were diagnosed according to renal biopsy apart from hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis,Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis,lupus nephritis,tumor and drug associated nephritis.The study summed the clinical and pathological features of IMN and evaluated the effect of treatment according the follow up.Results (1) There were 13 patients,with the ratio of male and female being 1.0 ∶ 1.6,among them 1 patient was younger than 6 years old,3 cases were between 6 and 12 years old,and 9 cases were elder than 12 years old.Nine patients were nephrotic syndrome,and 3 patients had renal insufficiency.(2)Ten patients had infection,among them 5 cases were upper respiratory infection with agent unfound,4 patients were mcoplasma infection,1 patient was influenza B virus infection,1 patient had positive result of Hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb) and Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb),and 2 patients had positive result of purified protein derivative (PPD).(3)Pathological feature of IMN was atypical membranous nephropathy.Atypical membranous nephropathy was characterized by an irregular,thickened glomerular basement membrane(GBM),mesangial cells,and a mesangial matrix with mild to moderate hyperplasia.Immune complexes were stained in the subepithelial region,GBM,and mesangial region under light microscopy.Electron microscopy showed various sizes,density,and shapes of electron-dense deposits in multiple regions.The cases of immunofluorescence were 13 for IgG,10 for C3,9 for IgM,9 for C1q,5 for IgA,2 for C4,and 0 for fibrinogen.Seven patients were strongly positive(3 + and above) for IgG and one patient was strongly positive for C3.(4)Seven patients had complete remission,three patients had partial remission,and three patients had non-remission.Conclusions (1) In this study,children with IMN were mainly girls,and the age distribution was beyond 12 years.Nephrotic syndrome was the most common clinical manifestation.(2)Atypical membranous nephropathy was the most common pathological feature in children with IMN,which should be distinguished from hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis by testing HBV antigen in renal biopsy.(3) Prednisone was effective for IMN children,but it was suggested to give enough and long course of application.Effect of prednisone combined with cyclophosphamide was still undefined.

Objective To demonstrate the carotid artery hemodynamic characteristics in patients with common carotid artery occlusion,and to investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluating it.Methods 30 patients with common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion or severe stenosis (stenosis rate＞70％) were as the patients group,while 30 volunteers with the normal indicators of carotid artery ultrasonography as the control group.In both groups,the examinations of the CCA,the internal carotid artery (ICA),the external carotid artery (ECA) and the vertebral artery (VA) were taken by color Doppler ultrasonography under quiescent conditions.Bilateral carotid ultrasonography studies were performed,which included the peak systolic velocity (PSV),end-diastolic velocity (EDV),mean velocity (MV),and resistance index (RI).Results The peak systolic velocity (PSV),EDV and MV of ICA were obviously lower in case group at affected side than in the control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The blood flow of ECA at the affected side was retrograde or bidirectional.PSV,EDV and MV of the external carotid artery (ECA) were obviously higher in the healthy side in patients than in the control group (all P＜0.01).There was a significant difference in blood flow velocity of bilateral vertebral artery (VA) between the patients group and the control group,and the PSV,EDV and MV were obviously higher in the former than in the latter (all P＜0.01).And the RI was different between the two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions The pressure of ICA is dropped after the common carotid artery occlusion,and then ECA reversely feeds ICA by collateral circulation.The blood flow velocities of bilateral vertebral artery and contralateral ECA are significantly increased to compensate for cerebral blood supply through collateral circulation channels.Color Doppler ultrasonography can reflect this phenomenon more fully and accurately,and provide clinically valuable diagnostic information.

Objective To study the changes of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the resting state fMRI in heroin abuser (HD), and discussed its underlying neurophysiological mechanism.Methods The resting state fMRI data of 15 heroin abusers and 15 normal volunteers were analyzed by ALFF.The amplitude of the blood oxygenation level dependent activation of the resting state brain was investigated.The brain structures showing increased and decreased ALFF in TLE patients were demonstrated by comparing to normal subjects with 2-sample t -test with threshold of P＜0.05.Results Compared with normal subjects,the regions showing decreased ALFF in HD patients were distributed in right temporal lobe(45, - 30, -21 ) ,left hippocampus( - 36,- 33, - 6), right thalamus ( 24, - 12,27 ), left posterior cingulum gyrus ( - 15, - 54,24 ), right parietal lobe /precuneus ( 21, - 51,36 ), right inferior parietal lobule ( 21, - 48,78 ) and dorsal lateral aspect of the right frontal lobe(21, - 48,78) ,while ALLF of left(45, - 42,63 ) lateral frontal cortex(0 ,39,72) in HD patients was significantly higher.Conclusion HD shows abnormal brain functional organization in resting state, which may play an important role in the production, maintenance and relapse after withdrawal of heroin abuse.