BACKGROUND: At present, there is no ideal way to treat auditory injury, and acupuncture would become an effective method to prevent and cure drug auditory injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture at Yifeng, Ermen and Zhongzhu acupoints on improving histopathologic form of basilar membrane of guinea pig with drug poisoning auditory injury.DESIGN: Completely randomized design on the basis of experiment al animals.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences.MATERIALS: A total of 45 white male guinea pigs with normal Preyer's reflex were selected in this study. Guinea pigs were 3-4 months old, of general grade and weighted from 250 g to 300 g. All guinea pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, model group, Yifeng group, Ermen group and Zhongzhu group with 9 in each group.METHODS: The experiment was completed at the Laboratory of College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Affiliated to Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April to July 2002. ① Normal group: Guinea pigs were fed with normal feed. Other four groups: Guinea pigs were injected into muscle with 80 mg/kg gentamycin for 20 days, and guinea pigs in Yifeng group, Ermen group and Zhongzhu group were acupunctured at corresponding acupoints at the same time. Before acupuncture, guinea pigs were fixed and rapidly acupunctured into subcutaneous tissue with stainless steel needle sized 0.35 mm × 25 mm. The needle was inserted about 10 mm. According to uniform reinforcing-reducing method, the needle was thrusted once every 10 minutes with each for 30 seconds and retained for 30 minutes. The course was 20 days. ② Basilar membrane of guinea pigs was established. Amount of hair cell was calculated under optic microscope (×200) to record deletion amount of hair cell and observe activity of succinic dehydrogenase; meanwhile, ultrastructure of hair cells was observed with transmission electron microscope (×5 000). Measurement data were compared with t test among groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Activities of succinic dehydrogenase of hair cell in stretched preparation and changes of ultrastructure of hair cell in cochlea of guinea pigs.RESULTS: All 45 guinea pigs were revolved in the final analysis. ① Comparing activities of succinic dehydrogenase: Activity in normal group was great, and structures of inter and outer hair cells were normal. Activity in mode group was reduced gradually till disappeared. Outer hair cell at base was damaged severely, and there was significant difference from that in normal group (P ＜ 0.01). Activity of succinic dehydrogenase in Yifeng group was changed a little as compared with that in normal group, and difference was not obviously (P ＞ 0.05). Activity of succinic dehydrogenase in Ermen group was decreased, and hair cell showed a little swelling and deletion. Activity of succinic dehydrogenase in Zhongzhu group was decreased remarkably, and outer hair cell at base was damaged severely.There was significant difference between Ermen group and Zhongzhu group as compared with that in normal group (P ＜ 0.01). ② Deletion amount of outer hair cells in basilar membrane of guinea pigs: Amounts in Yifeng group, Ermen group and normal group were less than those in model group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), but those in Zhongzhu group were similar to those in model group. ③ Ultrastructure: Structure of hair cell of cochlea was normal in normal group, pathological changes were observed on hair cells in model group, and pathological changes in acupuncture groups were milder than those in model group. Pathological changes of outer hair cells were mild in Yifeng group, structure of hair cells was changed a little in Ermen group,pathological changes in Zhongzhu group were severe, but its degree was milder than that in model group.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture can improve and maintain the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, relieve or resist toxic effect of gentamycin, especially at Yifeng, then at Ermen and Zhongzhu.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Boron ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects

Objective To analyze the data of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV ) screening in Qinnan District of Qinzhou from 2013 to 2015 ,and to provide scientific evidences for the prevention and control of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) .Methods HIV antibody data which was collected from the AIDS laboratory between 2013 and 2015 in Qinnan District of Qinzhou were analyzed .Results Of 3 955 cases of the HIV antibody detecting in the AIDS laboratory from 2013 to 2015 ,200 cases were HIV antibody positive ,and the positive rate was 5 .06% which was decreased compared with previously .The HIV antibody positive rate of man was 9 .26% ,which was higher than women .Among the HIV positive people ,the rate of the ages older than 50 was 25 .36% which was the highest compared to the other age groups .The positive rate of farmers was 30 .83% and the rate of di‐vorced or widowed was 30 .86% and the rate of the illiterate was 16 .08% .Conclusion Man ,farmers ,the age older than 50 years old ,the divorced or widowed and the low degree of education groups are the focus groups of health education and prevention of AIDS .If we can find HIV infectors earlier ,we can control the epidemic of AIDS and formulate the prevention and control strategies better .

Objective To present a method to treat soft tissue defects with bone exposure after the distal tihial fracture.Methods Twenty-six patients who had suffered from the distal tibial fracture complications leading to exposure of the bone or fixation material sought medical help in our department.The internal fixation material was removed and radical revision of dead and infected tissue was carried out in all cases.Five of the 26 cases were treated using a free microvascular muscle flap and the mesh skin graft by one stage.Twenty-one of them were re- paired with the same method by two-stage.Results Follow-ups were 10 to 24 months.The microvascular re- construction was successful in 22 patients.Two of the 26 cases had partial necroses of the skin graft,and the other two cases had delayed wound healing.All the fractures united.Conclusion Microvascular free muscle flap re- construction of the leg is regarded as a reliable method to treat legs with massive soft-tissue defects or defects with bone exposure and chronic infection or fistulation at the distal leg.

Organophosphate chemicals are widely used as agricultural pesticides and war reagents, their biodegradation is emphasized on the theoretical and practical aspects. Organophosphate hydrolases play important roles in the biodegradation of organophosphate chemicals. Great advancement was achieved recently in the determination of crystal structure and catalytic mechanisms of the hydrolase. This paper reviewed the research progresses in the enzymology, protein structure, catalytic mechanisms and application of the organophosphate hydrolase, and predicted the future research in this field.

Objective To study whether the organs besides digestive system of musca domestica Ⅲ instar larvae have the capability of produceing musca β-glucosidase.Methods Tissues of malpighian tubules,trachea,epiploon and body wall of musca domestica Ⅲ instar lar-vae were dissected under anatomic microscope,and the expression of β-glucosidase gene in these dissected tissues were detected by reverse transcription PCR.And the tissue localization of β-glucosidase mRNA was further identified by in situ hybridization.Moreover,anti-cellulase was used to determinate the tissue distribution with immunohistochemical staining.The relative mRNA expression levels of musca domesticaβ-glucosidase gene in these organs were tested by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The reverse transcription PCR showed that the ampli-fication products of β-glucosidase gene were observed in tissues of malpighian tubules,trachea and body wall.β-glucosidase mRNA was shown in the epithelium cells of malpighian tubules,trachea and body wall by in situ hybridization,and it was almost the same in the results of im-munohistochemical staining.The real-time quantitative PCR showed that the relative expression quantity of β-glucosidase gene in malpighian tubules and body wall were higher than that in foregut,while it was lower in itrachea than that in foregut.And it was of statistical difference in gene expression level of β-glucosidase among these organs (P <0.05).Conclusion Malpighian tubules,trachea and body wall of musca domestica Ⅲ instar larvae have the function of secreting β-glucosidase.Combining with the characteristics of secreting β-glucosidase in most organs of digestive system,it may provide a new biological method for the prevention and treatment of human diseases transmitted by musca domestica with the use of taget gene β-glucosidase.

Objective To isolate and purify the antibacterial peptides from larvae secretion of housefly (Musca domestica) and study their partial characteristics. Methods Protein isolation and purification were performed by routine process, namely, ultrafiltration, solid phase extraction (SPE) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chroma-tography (RP-HPLC). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the antibacterial peptides were examined. The antibacterial effect of peptides was studied in nutritive medium with different pH value(pH 5.0-10.0), divalent cations (Mg2+: (0.5?10-3～10.0?10-3)mol/L, Na+、K+: (10?10-3～100?10-3)mol/L), and serum content(12.5%～75%). Results Molecular weight of the peptides was about Mr 3 000-30 000 after ultrafiltration. The fractions eluted with 20%, 30%, 70%, and 80% of acetonitrile (ACN) all showed antibacterial activity by solid phase extraction. The fractions eluted with 70% ACN showed strongest and stablest antibacterial activity which was further purified by RP-HPLC. Two sub-fractions appeared at around RT 15.5 min and 18.5 min were obtained with antibacterial activity. The MIC to those standard Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugirwsa, Staphylococcus aureas, and Bacillus subtilis was 32.7380, 16.3688, 65.4750 and 32.7380?g/ml respectively. In the nutritive medium of pH 6.0-9.0, different divalent cations and serum content, the increment of A570 in experiment groups was less than 0.05, while that of the control group was greater than 0.3 (P

Objective To explore the role of CD 30 on CD4 + T lymphocyte and T lymphocyte subset activation in asthma pathogenesis.Methods Twenty seven asthma active attack patients,16 acute upper respiratory infection patients and 19 control children were randomly selected. Direct immunofluorescence flow cytometry was used to detect the CD 30 positive percentage on CD4 +cell; ELISA was used to detect the levels of interleukin(IL) 4 and IL 13 in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) and plasma total immunoglobulin E(IgE) level.Results Compared with control group and acute upper respiratory infection group, in asthmatic children the CD4 +CD 30 + percentage on CD4 + cell was elevated significantly; 2.The levels of IL 4 and IL 13 in supernatants of cultured lymphocyte were increased significantly, the plasma total IgE level was increased significantly;3.There was a significant positive correlation of CD4 +CD 30 + cell percentage with the levels of IL 4 and IL 13 in culture supernatants and plasma total IgE.Conclusions The cell that could produce Th2 derived cytokine may consist of CD 30 +cell;When CD 30 L combined with CD 30 on CD4 + cells ,it might result in Th2 cell proliferation ,develop and release Th2 derived cytokine; IL 4 and IL 13 could induce B cell production and secrete more IgE. It is suggested that CD 30 and imbalance of Th2 subset may play an important role in asthma pathogenesis.

Objective To explore the changes of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) and its clinical significance.Methods TNF-? in serum and CSF were measured by radioimmunoassay and CSF samples were obtained from 31 cases of childhood acute leukemia before treatment, on complete remission(CR), and continuous CR.Results Serum TNF-? was in ALL and AML before treatment [(24.35?4.84) pmol/L and(28.65?5.12) pmol/ L],which were significantly higher than those of healthy controls[(11.2 8? 1.69) pmol/L, P