200 citrinin mutants were screened with the inhibition zone method from the transformants library of Monascus ruber M-7 by Agrobacterium-mediate DNA transfer, which contains more than 5,000 transformants.Then 53 mutants, whose citrinin contents ranged from 0.04?g/g to 154.57?g/g in the red fermented rice (RFR), were achieved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Color values of RFR prepared by these mutants were also detected.The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the citrinin content and the color value among the mutants.These results provide materials and research bases for ferrther studying the relationship between the production of citrinin and pigment of Monascus ruber at molecular level.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors relating to root resorption after orthodontic treatment.

METHODS96 cases treated with fixed appliances were selected. The panoramic radiographs before and after treatment were examined. The relationship between root resorption after treatment (RRAT) and the variables including sex, age, extraction or nonextraction approach, tooth location, treatment duration and the root resorption before treatment (RRBT) were analyzed by multiple variance analysis and stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses.

RESULTS(1) There were statistically significant differences in root resorption in relation to gender (estimate of RRAT for female: 0.41, that for male: 0.34), extraction (estimate of RRAT for the extraction group: 0.43, that for non-extraction: 0.31), anterior or posterior teeth (estimate of RRAT for the anterior teeth: 0.59, that for the posterior teeth: 0.12). (2) The estimate of RRAT for the upper teeth was 0.40, and that for the lower teeth was 0.37. There were no statistically significant differences. (3) Using multiple regression analysis, age, duration and RRBT were associated with RRAT (R = 0.59, R(2) = 0.35).

CONCLUSIONS(1) Factors including gender, extraction or not and anterior or posterior teeth have influences on the RRAT. More root resorption was found in female or extraction cases. Anterior teeth were more susceptible to root resorption relative to posterior teeth. (2) Age, treatment duration and RRBT can explain approximately 35% of the RRAT. Root resorption aggregated when it was present before treatment. The age and treatment duration were lightly related to the root resorption.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; adverse effects ; Regression Analysis ; Root Resorption ; etiology ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors

Adult ; Aged ; Coal Mining ; Health Promotion ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult

The quality markers (Q-markers) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have become a topic of interest in TCM research in recent years. Nonetheless, there is still no consensus on how to scientifically characterize TCM Q-markers. Our study establishes an identification method for TCM Q-markers based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight comprehensive method. By constructing an evaluation system encompassing the target layer, the factor layer and the control layer, AHP can be used to analyze the weight of three core TCM quality attributes, including effectiveness, testability and specificity. Following that, the entropy weight method is employed to analyze the specific indicators for each attribute based on the literature and experimental data. Finally, the comprehensive weight of each index is obtained by combining the two weights, and the comprehensive weight and the specific value of each component is multiplied and summed to obtain the integrated score ranking, and thereby identify the TCM Q-markers. Taking Shaoyao Gancao decoction as an example, the analysis revealed that the top 8 components are as follows: paeoniflorin > quercetin > albiflorin > glycyrrhizic acid > naringenin > liquiritin > oxypaeoniflorin > benzoylpaeoniflorin, and can be identified as Q-markers of Shaoyao Gancao decoction. This study not only provides support for the establishment of quality standards and process quality control of TCM formulae, but also provides innovative ideas and methods for quantitative evaluation and accurate identification of TCM Q-markers.

Objective To find out falls and related conditions of patients in second grade hospitals in Chongqing.Methods Nursing directors and head nurses from 40 second grade hospitals in Chongqing were investigated. Micro excel was used to collect and analyze data.Results Patient falls was occurred in both 40 hospitals and the total cases were 81, 49 cases were elderly patients (60.49%), 35 cases had some distance injuries (43.21%) and 30 cases leaded to medical dispute (37.03%), 16 cases (19.75%) were sued and hospital paid more than 10,000RMB for every case. Conclusions Patient falls is common in second grade hospitals in Chongqing, the majority falls are happened in elderly patients. Patient falls is one of causes to bring on medical dispute .It is valid to do further study for patient fall risks assessment and take actions to prevent patient falls, especially for preventing elderly patient falls in second grade hospital in Chongqing.

Objective To improve the comprehensive competence of new nurses by organizing morning nursing visit in emergency rescue room.Methods Totals of 11 new nurses from July 2007 to July 2009 in emergence department were assigned to receive new training methods,such as choosing one or two critical cases from last day for making nursing patients ward rounds at 8am to 9am every day in emergency room,to discuss that whether the rescue measurement was effectively or timely,whether the rescue record was precise or comprehensive and whether the communication was effectively,otherwise,to explain related knowledge to the disease and the development of emergency care.Then compared with nurses who didn' t receive the new training.Results The theory score of new nurses was (67.8 ± 10.8 ) before receiving training and ( 81.2 ± 7.0)after receiving training,and the difference was statistically significant ( t =2.54,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the operation score before and after training( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions It is an effective method to improve comprehensive competence of new nurses by organizing morning nursing ward round in emergency department.

Objective To investigate the fulfillment of improved water measures for endemic fluomsis and to find out the trend of prevalence in Qinghai Province in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the government to formulate control strategies for endemic fluorosis.Methods Usage and management of reforming water facilities in Huzhu County were generally surveyed.Yanya Village,Caijiabu Town,Huzhu County was chosen as the surveillance spot.The household drinking water was surveyed.The dental fluorosis and urine fluoride content of children aged 8-12 years and adult above 16 years were examined.Skeletal fluorosis of adult was checked.The fluomsis content in drinking water and urine was determined with F-ion selective electrode method.The dental fluowsis was examined with Dean index.Skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to eountry standard(GB 16396-1996.WS 192-1999).Results The rate of water-improving was 60%(36/60)in Huzhu County.The mean of fluoride content in drinking water Was 1.25 mg/L The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years was 90.20%(46/51);that of adult was 88.89%(48/54).The dental fluorosis index of children was 1.77,that of adult was 2.95.The prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 98.15% indicated by clinical data,18.87% by X-ray.The ufine fluorosis content of children was 2.27 mg/L,that of adult was 2.00 mg/L.Conclusion The disease condition of endemic fluorosis in Qinshai is serious,defluofidation is slow in effect.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphisms GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 and onset of azoospermia.

METHODSMulti-PCR was used to detect GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions. Polymorphisms of GSTP1 were determined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method in 236 azoospermia patients and 142 healthy fertile male controls.

RESULTSThe frequency of M1 (-/-) and P1 (Ile/Val or Val/Val) genotype was 24.65% in the control group, which was significantly higher than that of the patient group (15.68%, P=0.031). Frequency of M1 (-/-), T1 (+/+) and P1 (Ile/Val or Val/Val) genotype was 12.68% in the control group, which was significantly higher than that of the patient group (5.51%, P=0.014).

CONCLUSIONThe M1(-/-) and P1(Ile/Val or Val/Val) genotype and the M1(-/-), T1(+/+) and P1 (Ile/Val or Val/Val) genotype are associated with reduced risk of azoospermia in ethnic Chinese Han population.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Azoospermia ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Genotype ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic

In order to investigate the effects of Na(2)SeO(3) on expression of VEGF in K562/ADR cells, K562 and K562/ADR cells were treated with Na(2)SeO(3) at dose of 5 and 10 micromol/L. The expressions of VEGF in K562 and K562/ADR cells were detected by ELISA before and at the different time point after treatment. The mutiplie of reversion of resistance was detected by MTT method. The results showed that Na(2)SeO(3) at dose of 10 micromol/L could increase the sensitivity of K562/ADR cell to adriamycin, the multiple of reversion was 3.48. The expression levels of VEGF in K562 and K562/ADR cells increased with prolongation of time cultured, and the VEGF expression levels in K562/ADR cells at the different time points were higher than that in K562 cells (P < 0.05); 5 and 10 micromol/L Na(2)SeO(3) did not suppress expression of VEGF in K562 cells at 72 hours (P > 0.05), and the VEGF level in K562 cells at 96 hours decreased without statistical significance; 5 and 10 micromol/L Na(2)SeO(3) acting for 48 hours did not show suppressive effect on expression of VEGF in K562/ADR cells (P > 0.05), 5 micromol/L Na(2)SeO(3) could decrease the expression of VEGF in K562/ADR cell after treatment for 96 hours, while 10 micromol/L Na(2)SeO(3) could significantly decrease the expression of VEGF in K562/ADR cells treated for 72 hours and 96 hours (P < 0.01). It is concluded that VEGF would be involved in the multidrug resistance of leukemia. Na(2)SeO(3) decreasing expression of VEGF in leukemic cells may be one of the mechanisms reversing multidrug resistance.
Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Sodium Selenite ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

AIMTo observe the intracellular calcium ion spatio-temporal and dynamic changes in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of epilepsy induced by low magnesium ion medium, and to explore the relationship between calcium ion and epilepsy.

METHODSApplying both laser scanning confocal microscope and patch clamp to timely observe the changes of [Ca2+]i and electrophysiological in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of epilepsy, and the influence of NMDA receptor-gated channels retarder and non-NMDA receptor-gated channels retarder.

RESULTSAfter the hippocampal nerve cell broken into epileptiform discharges, [(Ca2+]i rapidly ascended to (620 +/- 70) nmol/L, NMIDA acceptor retarder (MK-801, 10 micromol/L) and non-NMDA acceptor retarder (NBQX, 10 micromol/L) reduced [Ca2+]i ascendance. Recovery of the elevated [Ca2+]i was obviously delay, after 90 min and 150 min epileptiform discharges, it took (114.8 +/- 5.2) min and (135.0 +/- 22.7) min (P < 0.05) respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn vitro status epilepticus causes sustained elevation of intracellular calcium levels in hippocampal neurons

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus ; metabolism ; physiopathology