Objective:To investigate the effect of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)on proliferation and apoptosis of cyst-lining epithelial cells in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD),and to compare its effect with that of rapamycin(RAPA)in vitro.Methods: Primary cultured cyst-lining epithelial cells were treated with MMF and RAPA at different concentrations(0,0.005,0.05,0.5,5 ?g/ml)for 48 h or 72 h.The inhibitory effects of them on the cells were evaluated by MTT assay;the cell cycle distribution and apoptotic ratio were determined by flow cytometry.The morphological changes of cyst-lining epithelial cells were observed under transmission electron microscope.Results: Both MMF and RAPA significantly inhibited the proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.After 48 h treatment,the cells were blocked at S phase by MMF and at G0/G1 phase by RAPA.Both drugs induced cell apoptosis,with the maximal apoptotic rate being(5.53?0.27)% for MMF and(4.36?0.10)% for PAPA.Typical morphological changes of apoptotic cells were observed under electron microscope.Conclusion: MMF can effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cyst-lining epithelial cells,but its inhibitory effect is weaker than that of RAPA.

Owing to the increasing morbidity and pulmonary infection,management of pulmonary function has become an important problem for COPD patients who undergo surgery.Surgical patient with respiratory disease such as COPD has declined lung function before operation,then increased the risk of post-operative pulmonary complications.Ipratropium bromide can significantly improve pulmonary function.Therefore,we hypothesis the treatment with nebulized ipratropium bromide will benefit the perioperative patients with COPD.A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel-group,multi-center trial (Ipratropium bromide in Peri-Operative COPD study,IPO-COPD study)has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized ipratropium bromide in Chinese perioperative patients with COPD under general anaesthesia.A total of 192 COPD patients who satisfied the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned(1∶1) to one of the two treatment groups(ipratropium bromide 500 μg or normal saline 4 ml) for 11 days.Measurements will include the change of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),the forced vital capacity(FVC),blood gas analyses and main post-operative pulmonary complications.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the quality of domperidone tablets produced by 3 different factories METHODS:The quality of different products was investigated according to the standards of Ministry of Public Health and manufacture factories,including dissolubility,uniformity of dosage units,related substances and seals of blister packaging RESULTS:In 3 batches of products manufactured by Y,W and L,the contents of domperidone were 98 23%～99 74%,96 92%～98 31% and 97 42%～98 72%,and content uniformity A+1 8S was 2 11～3 38,3 97～5 25 and 5 49～7 47 respectively,which were in keeping with the Chinese pharmacopoeia;impurity R061668 was not found,and contents of impurity R052211 were 0 004%～0 024%,0 029%～0 072% and 0 003%～0 056%;the total impurity substances were 0 030%～0 095%,0 102%～0 128% and 0 232%～0 489%;the dissolubity(45min) was 95 09%～95 77%,91 25%～96 43% and 95 48%～96 58% respectively In experimental condition,no leakage was found from blister package of Y and W products,however,the leak rate of L product reached more than 38% CONCLUSION:According to this survey,the quality of product Y is the best,W is better

Objective To investigate the effects of SPARC (secreated protein acidic and rich in cysteine) and its peptide on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of human mesangial cells cultured in vitro, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Mesangial cells were incubated in the media with various concentrations of SPARC and its peptide cultured in vitro. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis index were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of cyclinD1 and p21Wafl proteins in response to SPARC and its peptide in HMC was determined by Western blot. Results Various concentrations of SPARC and its peptide could significantly inhibit the proliferation of mesangial cells in dose- and time-dependent manner, regulate the cell cycle at phrase G-0/G1 increased while cells phrase S reduced, and could also induce apoptosis. Under the stimulation of SPARC and its peptide, the expression of cyclinDl in HMC decreased markedly meanwhile the expression of p21Wafl increased significantly. Conclusions SPARC and its peptide can effectively inhibit HMC proliferation and regulate cell cycle progression. The mechanism may be mediated by inhibiting cyclinDl and stimulating p21Wafl expression, subsequently blocking cells passing through G-S check point, which will be useful for treating mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.

Objective To investigate the situation and change of antifungal resistance in clinical Candida and other fungal iso- lates from 5 hospitals in diverse geographic region of China.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 8 000 fungat iso- lates collected during 2001 and 2005 were carried out with 25?g fluconazole disk and 1?g voriconazole disk using disk diffusion method as recommend by CLSI/NCCLS M44-A.Disk test plates were automatically read and results were recoded with the BIOMIC Image Analysis System.The equivalent MICs were automatically calculated by the BIOMIC System software.Results The proportion of Candida atbicans and non-Candida albicans (e.g.Candida glabrata) in the total fungal isolates did not change significantly from 2001 to 2005.The susceptibility rate of C.albicans to fluconazole and vorieonazole were stable during 2001 and 2005.However, the resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole increased variably in C.glabrata and other non-Can- dida albicans fungal isolates during the same period.Conclusions The voriconazole demonstrated higher activity against all yeast species in comparison with fluconazole.The increasing resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole in non C.albicans fungal isolates including C.glabruta suggests the importance of surveillance of fungal resistance in Candida isolates.

The volatile oils of endophyte isolates R1 (Acremonium sp.) and R2 (Acremonium sp.) from Aqui-laria sinensis were extracted by solvent method. Twenty and sixteen ingredients were identified from the volatile oils of R1 and R2 by GC-MS, respectively. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, hexa-decanoic acid etc., were the main components, whereas terpenoids like 1,8-cineole, zingiberene, ar-curcumene were also found in both oils. It’s the first report about the volatile oil constituents of endophyte isolates from A. sinensis.

PcoI-PcoR is a quorum-sensing (QS) system influencing the biofilm formation and rhizosphere colonization in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24. The expression of the pcoI, a N-acyl-homoserne lactone (AHL) biosynthase gene, is under the regulation of a number of chromosomal factors, such as the GacS-GacA two-component system. In this paper, we investigated the upstream regulators that influence the transcription of pcoI gene using a chromosomal pcoI-lacZ fusion reporter strain PM203. Cosmids containing genomic DNA of the wild-type strain 2P24 were introduced into the reporter strain PM203 (gacA—, pcoI-lacZ) to screen positive transcriptional regulators of pcoI gene. One of them named pP32-24, which contained a 5-kb Pst I functional fragment was selected. Further analysis identified that the pcoI was the gene responsible for the increase of the pcoI-lacZ expression. The expression of pcoI-lacZ reporter was alsoimproved in both PM101 (pcoI-lacZ) and its gacAmutant PM203 after addition of exogenous AHL, indicating that the expression of pcoI is positively regulated by AHL (autoinduction) in strain 2P24. In addition, deletion mutagenesis and complementation experiments demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator PcoR positively controlled the expression of pcoI and the formation of biofilm. These results suggest that, in strain 2P24, the expression of PcoI-PcoR QS system is auto-inducted, and the transcriptional factor PcoR is involved in the regulation of pcoI transcription and the biofilm formation.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion for adjuvant treatment of depression in Parkinson disease and explore its mechanism. Methods: A total of 80 patients with Parkinson disease coupled with depression were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride tablets and paroxetine tablets, while the observation group was treated with heat-sensitive moxibustion on the basis of the medications in the control group. The treatment course was 2 months. The Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17), unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) and Parkinson's disease quality of life questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) were scored before and after the treatment, and the efficacy was evaluated after treatment. Levels of patients' serum dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected before and after the treatment. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The HAMD-17 scores in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment (both P<0.05), and the score in the observation group was obviously lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The component scores and total scores of UPDRS in both groups decreased significantly (all P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The score of PDQ-39 in the observation group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum DA and 5-HT levels in the observation group increased significantly (both P<0.05) and the TNF-α and IL-6 levels decreased significantly (both P<0.05), which were statistically different from those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Heat-sensitive moxibustion has certain auxiliary effect in treating depression in Parkinson disease, significantly improving clinical symptoms and the quality of life, which may be related to the up-regulation of DA and 5-HT levels and down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of oral sensorimotor therapy on oral motor dysfunction after cerebal palsy (CP).MethodsThirty-two CP children were confirmed the type of cerebral palsy by neurological examination and developmental age by Gesell's developmental scale. Oral sensorimotor therapy was performed one time a day by speech-language therapist.Before and after a treatment period of 3 months,the oral motor and language-speech ability of each case was assessed using Oral Motor Scale and Sign-Significate relations.ResultsAfter treatment, the oral motor function had been improved significantly(t=11.946,P<0.01) and the oral motor score was meanly increased by 14.94 score.The levels of oral language comprehension and expression had also been improved significantly(t=5.376,P<0.01;t=7.552,P<0.01).Articulation of 28 cases(87.5%) was improved. ConclusionOral sensorimotor therapy is effective on improving oral motor function, articulation,as well as on increasing language comprehension and expression.

Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and Hedysarum polybotrys belong to different genera, but have similar drug efficacy in traditional Chinese medicine theory, and H. polybotrys was used as the legal A. membranaceus var. mongholicus previously. In this study, similarities and differences between them were analyzed via their ITS/ITS2 fragments information. The ITS (internal transcribed spacer) regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced in two-way. The alignment lengths of ITS regions were 616 bp, in which 508 loci were consistent, and 103 loci were different, accounting for 82.47% and 16.72% of the total ITS nucleotides in length, respectively. As genotype determines phenotype, 1HNMR-based metabolomic approach was further used to reveal the chemical similarities and differences between them. Thirty-four metabolites were identified in the 1H NMR spectra, and twenty-seven metabolites were the common components. Amino acids, carbohydrates and other primary metabolites were similar, while a large difference existed in the flavonoids and astragalosides. This study suggests that A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and H. polybotrys show similarities and differences from molecular and chemical perspectives, which has laid a foundation for elucidating the effective material basis of drug with similar efficacy and resources utilization.
Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; genetics ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics