Objective: To discuss the purposes and methods of determining and employing operational intervention levels in preparedness and response for a nuclear emergency. Methods:According to the safety standards and technical reports issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and combined with specific conditions in China, the operational intervention levels suitable for applying in China are analyzed. Results: The newly published IAEA technical report provided special operational intervention levels for emergency at a light water reactor. The recommended values are practical that our country can use for reference. Conclusion: It is suggested that the related branches for response to nuclear emergency in China establish feasible operational intervention levels by referring to the IAEA reports and taking into account the special conditions of nuclear facilities in China, in order to improve the capability of medical response to nuclear emergency.

It is now widely accepted that platelet aggregation plays an important role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Anti-platelet aggregation drug research is also a hot spot of current research. The biggest challenge of antiplatelet therapy has been the molecular overlap of the hemostasis and thrombosis, leading to a serious risk of bleeding. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of shear stress generated from blood flow, which will primarily drive platelet activation and aggregation in thrombosis. So if we can take advantage of the differences between the physiological and pathological vascular blood flow environment, the development of selective anti-platelet therapy may be a safer treatment for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of shear-induced platelet activation. Later, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of compounds and traditional Chinese medicine on shear-induced platelet activation. The aim is to provide a reference for the study of biological pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Coronary Artery Disease ; pathology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Administrative Personnel ; psychology ; Burnout, Professional ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Personnel ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To study the epidemic characteristics and disease spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infected children in Zhongshan region, Guangdong province. Methods Clinical data from the children with positive EBV-DNA detected by real-time lfuorescent quantitative PCR between 2011 and 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 409 cases were detected with EBV-DNA positive from 3402 cases, with a total positive rate 12%, and the positive rate is 8.1%in 2011, 10.4% in 2012, 19.5% in 2013, there were significant differences among positive rate (χ2=6804.00, P<0.05). There was no statistically signiifcant difference in the positive rate of EBV-DNA between different gender (χ2=0.239, P>0.05) and different age groups (χ2=136.96, P<0.05). The positive rate of pre-school group is the highest. EBV infection can cause multiple system diseases. The most common disease caused by EBV infection was infectious mononucleosis (61.6%), followed by respiratory tract infection (26.7%), neck lymphadenitis (3.4%), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (2.4%), etc. Among the 409 cases of EBV infection, the concurrent other pathogen speciifc IgM positive cases as MP-IgM positive (n=79), CP-IgM positive (n=47), Parvovirus B19-IgM positive (n=20), HSV-IgM positive (n=11), CMV-IgM positive (n=10), and RV-IgM positive (n=4) were found. Conclusions Infectious mononucleosis is the leading disease in children infected by EBV in Zhongshan region, the annual positive rate is increasing. Multiple pathogen speciifc IgM may be detected positive in children with EBV infection, which should be interpreted in combination with clinical status.

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of intertrochanteric comminuted fracture in aged patients.Methods From June 2006 to June 2010,91 cases with intertrochanteric comminuted fractures were treated by hemiarthroplasty using Zweymtüller long-stem cementless implant.There were 35 males and 56 females,with an average age of 81.2 years (range,75-94 years).There were fresh fractures in 75 cases and old fractures in 16 cases.According to classification of Evans-Jensen,there were 36 cases with type Ⅲ fracture and 55 with type Ⅳ.Osteoporosis was graded by Singh index,and there were 51 cases with level Ⅲ and 40 with level Ⅱ.The interval between injury and operation was 2-10 d (average,3.5 d).Results The surgery lasted 30-50 min (average,39 min).The blood loss was 320-610 ml (average,405 ml).The hospital stay was 14-21 d (average,16.5 d).Two cases who experienced with the infection of the respiratory system after operation,recovered through routine treatment.Thirty-seven cases were followed up for 15 to 38 months (average,24.5 months).According to the Harris score,the overall rate of excellent or good result was 83.8％ (31/37).Conclusion Hemiarthroplasty using Zweymüller long-stem cementless prosthesis is reliable option for intertrochanteric comminuted fracture in the aged patients.

Objective To investigate the development status of tumor radiotherapy in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region in order to provide reference for the decision-making of the competent administrative departments for public health.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by the aid of on-site inspection and telephone or Email investigation among the medical institutions in Guangxi to know the current status of radiotherapy units and settings,human resources,allocation of radiotherapy facilities,and standardization of medical practices.Results Up to the end of August 2014,radiotherapy was carried out in 39 hospitals,with other 5 hospitals under preparation for construction.Among these 40 hospitals were three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in 38,intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in 23,and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) in 5.There were 48 linear accelerators,15 afterloading therapy apparatus,and 4 γ-knife or X-knife in Guangxi.There were 647 professional personnel (except nurses),including 322 radiation oncologists,100 radiotherapy physicists,213 radiotherapy technologists and 12 professional engineers.There were 2 000 to 2 500 hospital beds and 20 000 cancer patients had received radiotherapy in 2013.1 600 to 2 000 people received treatment on average every day.Conclusions The present radiotherapy resources in Guangxi are insufficient and the input to radiotherapy equipment is deficient,with low proportion of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy.Because of the uneven radiotherapy quality among different hospitals,the reasonable planned development and unified diagnostic and treatment practices are required to improve radiotherapy level in Guangxi.For shortage of medical staff and high-quality physical and technical personnel,the improvements are needed by fostering and introduction of personnel.Compared with developed regions in China,the introduction of new technology is largely needed.

Objective To investigate hospitalized children's nutritional risk and malnutrition occurrence,and to provide clinical basis for nutrition support.Methods Nutritional risk screening tool STRONGkids was applied to 651 cases of hospitalized children with nutritional risk screening,and through physical measurement to assess children' s nutritional status,at the same time during the patient's diagnosis,the length of time data for analysis was recorded.Results Of 651 cases of hospitalized children,7.07％ (46 cases) were of highly nutritional risk,80.95％ (527 cases) with moderate nutrition risk,and 11.98％ (78 cases) were of low nutrition risk.Malnutrition rate was 22.58％,moderate malnutrition in 111 cases (17.05％),severe malnutrition in 36 cases (5.53％).The first three high risk diseases were congenital heart disease,chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease(x2 =21.43,P ＜0.01).According to the result of nutrition evaluation concluded with congenital heart disease,chronic kidney disease occurred with severe malnutrition was far higher than other diseases(x2 =16.53,P ＜ 0.05).Children with highly nutritional risk were more likely to have weight loss than the children with relatively low nutritional risk (P ＜ 0.05),and their length of hospital stay were obviously longer than the children with low or moderate nutritional risk (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The hospitalized children have high incidence of malnutrition,and different nutritional risks lead to different clinical outcomes.STRONGkids score method helps to evaluate nutritional risk in hospitalized children and detect malnutrition and potential deterioration,which is conducive to early comprehensive nutritional assessment and proper nutritional treatment,thus to improve their clinical outcomes.

Iliac arteriovenous ifstula (AVF) usually manifests in a wide range of symptoms similar to typical deep venous thrombosis (DVT), which often lead to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. We reported a 51-year old woman who was performed lumbar discectomy and showed a progressive abdominal distention, dyspnea, and swollen left leg. She was initially diagnosed as deep vein thrombosis and the ifnal diagnosis was arteriovenous ifstula. hTe ifstula was successfully sealed by an endovascular covered stent. No further recurrence was found atfer a half year’s follow-up. hTis article summarized the experience regarding iliac arteriovenous ifstula misdiagnosed, and discussed the differential diagnosis between arteriovenous ifstula and pulmonary thromboembolism causedby deep vein thrombosis.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of Currarino triad Methods A retrospective study was made on clinical features, diagnosis; treatment and prognosis of 7 cases with Currarino triad Results In 6 patients definite diagnosis was made only intraoperatively including reoperation in 3 cases All the 7 cases were cured Postoperative urinary retention and infection developed in one each Conclusion Correct preoperative diagnosis of Currarino triad has great influence on the treatment Total excision of presacral mass should be emphasized