It is now widely accepted that platelet aggregation plays an important role in physiological hemostasis and pathological thrombosis associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Anti-platelet aggregation drug research is also a hot spot of current research. The biggest challenge of antiplatelet therapy has been the molecular overlap of the hemostasis and thrombosis, leading to a serious risk of bleeding. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of shear stress generated from blood flow, which will primarily drive platelet activation and aggregation in thrombosis. So if we can take advantage of the differences between the physiological and pathological vascular blood flow environment, the development of selective anti-platelet therapy may be a safer treatment for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of shear-induced platelet activation. Later, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of compounds and traditional Chinese medicine on shear-induced platelet activation. The aim is to provide a reference for the study of biological pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; methods ; trends ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; physiology ; Hemorheology ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; trends ; Pharmacology ; methods ; trends ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate hospitalized children's nutritional risk and malnutrition occurrence,and to provide clinical basis for nutrition support.Methods Nutritional risk screening tool STRONGkids was applied to 651 cases of hospitalized children with nutritional risk screening,and through physical measurement to assess children' s nutritional status,at the same time during the patient's diagnosis,the length of time data for analysis was recorded.Results Of 651 cases of hospitalized children,7.07％ (46 cases) were of highly nutritional risk,80.95％ (527 cases) with moderate nutrition risk,and 11.98％ (78 cases) were of low nutrition risk.Malnutrition rate was 22.58％,moderate malnutrition in 111 cases (17.05％),severe malnutrition in 36 cases (5.53％).The first three high risk diseases were congenital heart disease,chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease(x2 =21.43,P ＜0.01).According to the result of nutrition evaluation concluded with congenital heart disease,chronic kidney disease occurred with severe malnutrition was far higher than other diseases(x2 =16.53,P ＜ 0.05).Children with highly nutritional risk were more likely to have weight loss than the children with relatively low nutritional risk (P ＜ 0.05),and their length of hospital stay were obviously longer than the children with low or moderate nutritional risk (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The hospitalized children have high incidence of malnutrition,and different nutritional risks lead to different clinical outcomes.STRONGkids score method helps to evaluate nutritional risk in hospitalized children and detect malnutrition and potential deterioration,which is conducive to early comprehensive nutritional assessment and proper nutritional treatment,thus to improve their clinical outcomes.

A in vitro platelet aggregation bioassay was developed for the quality control of XST capsules. The in vitro anti-platelet aggregation effect in rats was observed to detect the bioactivity of XST capsules. Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong lyophilizedpowder for injection were taken as standard control substances to determine the potency. According to the results, XST capsules showeda significant inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro anti-platelet activity oflyophilized powder for injection was stabler than that of Panax notoginseng saponins, and so suitable to serve as a standard control substance. The biological potency of XST capsules compared with standard control substance was detected by using parallel line assay. According to the results, the established bioassay method had a good repeatability (RSD 2.92%). The sample test results could pass thereliability test(linear deviation P > 0.05, parallel deviation P > 0.05). This bioassay method could be used as one of the complementary quality control methods for XST capsules.
Animals ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology

The solubility parameter determination of astrageloside from Buyang Huanwu decoction with inverse gas chromatography (IGC) method evaluation was investigated in this paper. Di-n-octyl phthalate Kwai alternative sample was used to carry out methodological study. The accuracy of the measured correlation coefficient was 0.992 1. Experimental precision measured by IGC experiments showed that the results were accurate and reliable. The sample was uniformly coated on the surface of an inert carrier and N2 gas was carrier gas, a variety of polar solvents such as isopropanol, toluene, acetone, chloroform, cyclohexane as probes. TCD detector temperature was 150 degrees C, gas room temperature was 120 degrees C. Similar headspace method was used whichever over 1 μL gas into the GC measurement, Retention time t(R), t(0) and all the parameters of air and probes molecules within the column were tested. Astragaloside solubility parameter was (21.02 ± 2.4) [J x cm(-3)] ½, literature value was 19.24 [J x cm(-3)] ½, and relevant coefficient was 0.984 5. IGC method is effective and accurate to measure ingredients solubility parameter.
Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Saponins ; chemistry ; Solubility

Taking Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital as an example,the paper introduces the study idea of hospital IT intelligent operation maintenance and monitoring platform,expounds on design and realization of the platform,including general technical architecture,functional architecture and core business process,summarizes related practical experiences,and points out that application of the platform is able to enhance operation maintenance level and user satisfaction significantly.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been formed and developed in medical practices over thousands of years, while biomechanics as a new research direction in TCM has been developing rapidly in recent years. Biomechanics in TCM encompasses abundant contents, such as hemodynamics in meridians, substance transport of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements, hemodynamics of pulse manifestation, heat conduction in tongue diagnosis, biomechanics of orthopaedics and traumatology, mechanics of acupuncture, massage and manipulation, TCM medical device, biomechnopharmacology and etc. Journal of Medical Biomechanics has published some papers about TCM biomechanics in the past years, and in this issue, a special column of TCM biomechanics in three research directions is organized, including massage and manipulation, fracture fixator by TCM treatment, and Tai Chi Quan, so as to arouse readers’ interest in TCM biomechanics.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of protein kinase B (PKB) in human-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma of lung (ADC) and in benign lung tissues (BD, lung tissues adjacent to cancer or from patients with benign lung diseases), and its association to clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODSThe PKB expression in 41 specimens from patients with SCC (26 cases) and ADC (15 cases) and in 12 specimens from patients with benign lung diseases (BD) were investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.

RESULTSPKB in benign lung tissues was usually weakly stained and scattered in distribution. It was remarkably increased in lung cancer compared to benign lung tissue. The positive rates of PKB in SCC and ADC were 50% (13/26), 60% (9/15), respectively, and there was no significant difference between them. PKB expression was significantly stronger in lung cancer patients in advanced stages (stage III or IV) or with poor differentiation, than those in early stages (stage I or II) or with moderate or well differentiation. The expression was stronger in patients with local lymph node metastasis than those without (P = 0.0391).

CONCLUSIONPKB protein is over-expressed in human squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Plasma Cell Granuloma, Pulmonary ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEBronchopulmonary carcinoid (BPC) account for less than 2% of all primary lung malignant tumors, but few related studies were reported. The aim of this study is to analyze this rare disease's clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODSThe clinical data of 28 patients with BPC in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, from January 1994 to June 2009, were enrolled into retrospective analysis. First, the corresponding paraffin blocks reexamined, slice up and stained, multiple pathologists re-consulted, and its subsets (typical carcinoid, TC; atypical carcinoid, AC) defined. Second, the clinical characteristics and immunohistochemical markers and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed.

RESULTSFirst, the 5-year survival for overall and TC, AC was 56% and 70%, 41% respectively in 28 cases. The markers CD99, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 expression correlated significantly with the BPC subsets (P = 0.017, P = 0.043, and P = 0.033 respectively). Further univariate analysis revealed that advanced TNM staging (P = 0.037), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and Ki-67 nucleolus's positive expression (P = 0.009) are poor prognostic factors. Second, the overall, TC, AC 5-year survival rate was 73%, 83%, 57% respectively in 20 cases underwent the radically surgical resection. Further univariate analysis revealed that AC subset (P = 0.013), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004) and Ki-67 nucleolus's positive expression (P = 0.006), advanced TNM staging (P = 0.047) are poor prognostic factors in this 20 cases. Third, as univariate analysis, local recurrence and metastasis (n = 4) correlate significantly with Ki-67 nucleolus's and Bcl-2 positive expression (P = 0.027, 0.045, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThe prognosis of BPC was better than other types of primary lung cancer. Ki-67, Bcl-2 high expression and advanced TNM staging are the poor recurrence and prognostic factors of BPC. The radical surgery remains the treatment of choice for resectable candidates in BPC as NSCLC.

Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; analysis ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcription Factors

BACKGROUNDIlexonin A (IA), purified from the Chinese herbal medicine Maodongqing (Ilex pubescens Hook, et Arn) has been commonly used in south China to treat thrombotic disorders. In this study, we aimed to study the inhibiting effects and mechanism of IA on von Willebrand factor (vWF)-dependent high shear-induced platelet aggregation.

METHODSvWF-dependent high shear (10,800 s(-1)) induced aggregation of platelets obtained from normal donors in the presence or absence of IA was measured by a modified cone-plate viscometer and shear-induced vWF binding was measured by quantitative flow cytometry with monoclonal antibody known to bind exclusively to the C-terminal domain of vWF (LJ-C3) directly labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). P-selectin surface expression was also measured by a similar method with FITC conjugated anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody (WGA1).

RESULTSShear-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by IA in a dose-dependent manner. The extent of aggregation decreased from (78.6 +/- 4.6)% in the absence of IA to (36.5 +/- 2.1)% in the presence of IA (3.3 mmol/L) (P < 0.0001, n = 9) with a high shear rate of 10800 s(-1). vWF binding and P-selectin expression were also inhibited by IA in a dose dependent manner. The number of binding FITC-LJ-C3 molecules increased after exposure of platelet-rich plasma to a high shear rate of 10800 s(-1) for 6 minutes, but this shear-induced increased binding platelet surface vWF molecules and P-selectin expression can be decreased in the presence of IA.

CONCLUSIONvWF binding and vWF mediated platelet activation, aggregation occurring under high shear rate were inhibited by IA. IA may be a unique antithrombotic drug inhibiting the vWF-GP Ibalpha interaction, and may thus facilitate drug design targeting arterial thrombosis.

Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Organic Chemicals ; Platelet Activation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Shear Strength ; von Willebrand Factor ; physiology