SIMCA(self independent modeling of class analogy) is a classical class modeling method for chemical) pattern recognition. Although widely used, SIMCA suffers difficulties in selecting a proper number of principal components and determining the decision region. A new class modeling technique based on partial least squares regression, partial least squares class model(PLSCM) is proposed, where the number of latent variables) and decision region can be readily estimated by the routine methods in multivariate calibration, e.g. Monte Carlo cross validation. PLSCM is successfully applied to identify trueborn bezoar samples from artificial and adulterated bezoar samples based on infrared spectra measured in the range of 4000-9000 cm~(-1). It is demonstrated that PLSCM outperforms SIMCA in terms of both maneuverability and identification accuracy. For the raw spectra, both the training and prediction accuracy of PLSCM are 100%. For the standard normal variate-processed data, the training and prediction accuracy of PLSCM is 99% and 100%, respectively.

Objective:To find small molecular leads for inhibition on early stage of HIV infection by identification and characterization of the HIV-1 gp41 C-helix mimotopes.Methods:For identification of the gp41 C-helix mimotopes,C7C phage display peptide library was biopanning by using a synthetic peptide N36 which was derived from the gp41 N-helix as target.After three rounds of screening,positive phage clones were identified by ELISA and sequenced.Results:16 of 26 phage clones were identified to bind with peptide N36,and 10 of them were sequenced.Every clone of ten clones contains at least two hydrophobic residues,which may dock into the hydrophobic pocket in the gp41 N-helix domain.9 of the 10 clones have a conservative sequence WW,which may mimic the W628 and W631 in C-helix to interact with the hydrophobic residues in the gp41 pocket.One clone expressing the conservative sequence named clone No.8(CYWWHRLHC) was selected for characterization.The binding between the clone No.8 and N36 was blocked by free peptide N36.And the binding between clone No.8 and peptide N36 was inhibited by peptide C34(IC 50=12.5 ?g/ml).Conclusion:The short circular peptides displayed on phages containing WW residues may mimic the conformational epitope of the HIV-1 gp41 C-helix to interact with the N-helix.This information may be useful for design of HIV-1 fusion inhibitors.

Objective:To screen and characterize the common epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibody 3A8,which binds several kinds of Gram negative bacteria,which were recognized by monoclonol antibody 3A8 agaisnt different strains of LPS.Methods:Phage clones binding to 3A8 were screened from C7C phage displayed peptide library,the attached phage clones were eluted by LPS2630(O111:B4).After 3 rounds of panning,the positive phage clones were identified by ELISA,and the amino acid sequences of these positive clones were deduced from DNA sequences.In order to predict how these peptide mimics interaction with 3A8,peptides(A2 and A5) based on conserved sequences of positive clones were synthesized and conjugated with KLH for further study.The binding of A2-KLH and A5-KLH to 3A8 were identified by ELISA.Results:15 of 33 phage clones were identified as positive clones and shown specific binding with 3A8.LPS2630 potently inhibited the binding of phage clone to 3A8.In analysis of the amino acid sequence,there were seven kinds of sequences containing highly hydrophilic residues,and Ser Pro Pro/Pro X Pro was the conserved sequence.The peptides A2 and A5 could bind to 3A8 specially.Conclusion:The conserved sequences containing Ser Pro Pro/Pro X Pro are obtained,which are recognized by mAb 3A8 against broad spectrum Gram negative bacteria and several strain LPS.The synthetic peptides based on the conserved sequence can bind to 3A8,indicating that the peptides can mimic a common epitope of Gram negative bacteria,which be expected as candidate epitope for vaccinization.

AIM To modify and improve a screening assay so that it becomes more convenient, economic and adaptable in China for high throughput screening of HIV fusion inhibitors targeting gp41. METHODS The original screening method reported by Jiang et al (J Virol. Methods 1999;80:85 96) was modified by: ① using a conformation specific monoclonal antibody to replace a polyclonal antibody for coating plates; ②simplifying the procedures; ③using parts of the reagents produced in China. RESULTS The modified screening assay is simpler, more convenient, and more economic than the original assay, but its sensitivity is comparable to and specificity is a little better than the original method. CONCLUSIONS The modified screening assay is more convenient and economic and can be used in China for high throughput screening of HIV fusion inhibitors from complex sample, such as phage display peptide libraries, microorganism fermentation liquids, herbs and other natural products.

Objective To evaluate the method of establishment of a minipig model of ischemic heart failure(HF) with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) by coronary balloon occlusion and coadministration of injecting of microthrombi and plastic microspheres.Methods A total of eighteen minipigs were selected.After coronary angiography,angioplasty balloons were placed in the mid-distal of left anterior descending(LAD).The balloon was inflated intermittently to occlude the LAD 3 times and then to occlude it continuously for 120 minutes.After the balloon was taken out,4F Judkins-type angiogrphic catheter was superelectively engaged in LAD and 3 mL intermixture of mierothrombi and plastic microspheres were injected at 10 minites interval until TIMI myocardial perfusion was grade<2 and left ventfieular end-diastolic pressure was maintained from 15 to 18 mmHg.Electrocardiogram(ECG),hemodynamic perameters,ultrasonic cardiogram,cTnI and CK-MB were measured.Myocardial infarction area was evaluated by histopathology.Results Fourteen days later,fifteen minipigs survived and fourteen satisfied the criteria(pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.PCWP>18 mmHg and eardio output (CO) decreased beyond 30% ). The changes of ECG, hemodynamic perameters, CKMB, cTnI and cardiac pathologic examination were in accordance with AMI. Conclusion A stable experimental method of establishment of minipig model of ischemic heart failure (HF) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by coronary balloon occlusion and coadministration of injecting of microthrombi and plastic mierospheres is succeded. This method has advantages such as closed chest, higher success rate and stability compared with the drug induced, taehycardia-pacing induced, coronary artery ligation induced or microsphere injection alone methods.

Objective To study clinical monitoring record list for comprehensive ICU patient in new age and to ensure convenience and safety when used by nurses and patients.Methods We have revised the "Icon ICU Monitoring Record List" used for ICU in our hospital since 2002,basing on the original form and according to the characteristics of comprehensive ICU patient that need multi-system monitoring,mainly in numbers and symbols to produce new kind of nursing record form,and used contrastive method to research into the utility of new and old forms.Results After comparison of all indexes of two forms,the result is as follows:the time used by same numbers of nurse to fill in two kinds of form is (66 ± 11 ) minutes for the new form and (97 ± 10) minutes for the old.The score set for each form is 100.The examination by the nursing quality inspection team shows that the new form got an average score of (97 ± 2) and the old form got (94 ± 2).The comparison and difference of the two groups in time and score is statistically significant ( t =10.626 3,4.030 7 ;P ＜0.01 ).Pass rate of new form was 90.12％,and 82.62％ for old one,and difference was significant ( x2 =67.49,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The new monitoring record list is more scientific,more comprehensive and simple and is more suitable for recording all kinds of patient in comprehensive ICU.It will lighten the work on the nurse,reduce time of record and improve work efficiency.

Objective To evaluate the burden of road traffic injury (RTI) from perspectives both on the health of population and on social economic status so as to provide scientific evidence for policy making. Methods The status of mortality and disability caused by traffic accident in Penglai county was estimated, based on data from death registration and a sampling survey from 2006 to 2007.Together with the disability weights gained from global burden of disease (GBD) , health burden (DALY) was measured with GBD formula. The economic burden of RTI was evaluated. Results Average loss of the health life years (HLY) related to RTI was 31 373.04 per year. 70.59 HLY were lost per 1000 persons. Loss among the males was higher than females. The loss of DALY among the age group 15-44 years ranked the first place (39 209.71 HLY) which accounted for 62.42% of the total DALY. 79.45% of the total DALY were caused by disability. In 2006 and 2007 ,the economic loss caused by RTI was as high as 2.19 billion RMB, which accounted for 4.89% of the total amount of GDP while the indirect economic costs (2.15 billion RMB) accounted for 98.45% of the total costs in Penglai city. The economic loss of the males was obviously higher than the females and the loss by the group aged 15-59 years old accounted for 97.65% of the total. Conclusion RTI had severely influenced the health of the residents in Penglai city and brought heavy burden to the individuals,families as well as the society.

Objective To apply Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum models for the estimation and projection on HIV/AIDS epidemics in areas with relatively low HIV/AIDS prevalence in China,and to explore the influences of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the outputs of the models.Methods Taizhou prefecture in Zhejiang province was selected as the study site.Social and demographic data as well as all the information on HIV/AIDS epidemics in Taizhou prefecture were collected,managed,input to EPP and Spectrum models to estimate and project the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Taizhou prefecture.Impact of ART on the HIV/AIDS epidemic was also assessed.Results According to the estimates from both EPP and Spectrum model,the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Taizhou prefecture was at a relatively low level.HIV prevalence rates among men having sex with men (MSM) and injection drug users (IDU) were relatively high and rapidly increasing.It was estimated that 1773 (1384-2449) people were living with HIV in 2010 in Taizhou prefecture,with an overall HIV prevalence of 0.03％ (0.02％-0.04％).ART had reduced and would continue to reduce new HIV infections and AIDS deaths,but had no significant impact on the overall HIV prevalence and the numbers of people living with HIV and adults who were in need of ART.Conclusion EPP and Spectrum models seemed to be suitable and useful tools for estimation and projection on HIV/AIDS in Taizhou prefecture,and the results could provide reference for the further studies in other areas with a relatively low epidemic level of HIV/AIDS.ART appeared effective for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Environmental Exposure ; Hypothermia ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seawater ; Thigh ; physiology ; physiopathology

In recent 10 years, using radiofrequency catheter ablation, our medical center has treated 4865 cases of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). To improve clinical practice, a retrospective analysis of this group was made. In this group, 2092 cases were atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (AVRT), including 1415 left accesory pathway and 677 right accesory pathway, and 2773 cases were atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT). The total success rate of radiofrequency treatment is 99.71%; the recurrence rate after half a year 1.73%; the total complication rate 1.25%. In conclusion, radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective treatment for tachycardia with high rate of success and low rate of complication.
Adult ; Catheter Ablation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal ; surgery ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; surgery ; Young Adult