Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to the success of cancer chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) play an important role in the process of MDR. As an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, MRPs are selective and specific drug efflux pumps. In this paper, physiological characteristics, structural characteristics and resistance profile of MRPs and the associated reversal studies are reviewed.

Gene Expression Regulation ; immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; genetics ; immunology

Objective: To study the effect of levosimendan treatment in patients of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with different heart fraction. Methods: A total of 145 DCM patients were enrolled, based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the patients were divided into 3 groups: Mild heart failure (HF) group, the patients with LVEF≤45%,n=15, Moderate HF group, LVEF≤40%,n=58 and Severe HF group, LVEF≤30%,n=72. LVEF, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and blood levels of BNP were examined and compared at prior and 7 days after levosimendan treatment respectively. Results: Compared with prior treatment, fater7 days of levosimendan medication, LVEF was elevated at certain degree in all 3 groups, while the statistic improvement was only found in Severe HF group (26.06±3.59) % vs (24.79±2.81) %,P<0.05; LAD and LVEDD had no obvious changes with levosimendan medication in all 3 groups,P>0.05. After levosimendan treatment, blood levels of BNP were decreased in all 3 groups as in Mild HF group (604.80±631.87) pg/ml vs (1252.17±1435.39) pg/ml, Moderate HF group (2369.78±2478.59) pg/ml vs (3206.90±2677.15) pg/ml and Severe HF group (4879.63±5302.42) pg/ml vs (6004.46±5041.59) pg/ml, allP<0.05. The differences of BNP level between prior and after levosimendan treatment, the ratio for BNP reduction were similar among 3 groups, allP>0.05. Conclusion: Levosimendan may, in short term, improve the cardiac function in DCM patients with mild, moderate and severe HF with similar degree; while it could not really change the cardiac structure.

Objective To explore the incidence rate and high-risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) in premature infants of mechanical ventilation.Methods From Jan 2008 to Dec 2009,196 very low birth weight infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks in our NICU were enrolled in the study.61 cases had the histories of mechanical ventilation.The clinical materials of 21 cases with BPD were compared to 41 cases without BPD in retrospective analysis.Results The total incidence of BPD in the very low birth weight infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks was 10.7%,and 34.4% in those infants with mechanical ventilation.The gestational age and birth weight of BPD group were lower than those without BPD,and the rates of premature rupture of fetal membrane and complicated neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS),postnatal infection,with long time intravenous nutrition in BPD group were higher than those without BPO control (P<0.05).Gender,asphyxia history,the use of pulmonary surfactant (PS),positive end-expiratory pressure,and mean airway pressure were not different significantly between two groups (P>0.05).Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP),the time of mechanical ventilation and oxygen administration were different significantly between two groups (P<0.05).NRDS,postnatal infection,the duration of ventilation,and hyperoxia were the risk factors for BPD,and the regression coefficient were 3.683,1.541,1.188 and 1.647.Conclusion Preventing premature,low birth weight,NRDS,shortening the duration of high peak inspiratory pressure and hyperoxia with mechanical ventilation and the use of the parenteral nutrition,managing the infection of the prenatal and postnatal are the key points of preventing BPD.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tablets

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of high-dose methotrexate (MTX) and L-asparaginase (L-Asp) for the treatment of adult patients with high risk Ph acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods Five adult patients with high risk Ph-ALL were treated with several courses of MTX (3-5 g/m2 by continually intravenous drip for 24 h) and L-Asp (8 000-10 000 U/time, once a day, 10 times for one cycle).Results Five patients were disease-free survival, their survival time was 60-96 months and the median survival time was 73 months.The chemotherapy-related bone marrow depression was mild.No obvious liver and kidney damage, severe allergic reaction and pancreatitis were observed.Conclusion Highdose MTX and L-Asp are effective and well tolerated, and may contribute to long-term survival of adult patients with high risk Ph-ALL.

Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Pneumoconiosis ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Objective To summarize the 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of LCH in children,and explore its value in the diagnosis of LCH.Methods PET/CT imaging and clinical data of 13 patients (6 males,7 females;average age (3.0±2.3) years) with LCH confirmed by histology before treatment from August 2011 to December 2015 in Xin Hua Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results All 13 patients have different degrees of bone destruction with increased metabolism,the common lesion sites were craniofacial bone,spine,limb long bones,ribs/chest/shoulder blade and pelvic bone.Lymph node lesions which manifested lymph node enlargement with increased metabolism were found in 10 cases,and the SUVmax was 4.0±1.3.Diffuse FDG uptake in spleen was found in 10 cases.There were 4 cases with liver lesions,3 with lung lesions,1 with high metabolic nodules in muscle,1 with orbital lesions and 1 with intraspinal high metabolic nodules.Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT could display the distribution and activity of LCH,and plays an important role in the diagnosis and systemic evaluation of LCH.

AIM:To study the effect of captopril on calcineurin and NF-?B p65 in the signal transduction pathway of the cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive rats.METHODS:Using a animal model of hypertension induced by abdominal aortic banding,the rats were treated with captopril for 10 weeks.The blood pressure was observed with a tail cuff method.The heart weight and heart weight/body weight were measured.The expression of calcineurin and NF-?B p65 were studied by using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:After treated with captopril,the blood pressure of the model rats was decreased(P

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Indenes ; analysis ; Workplace