Disinfectants ; analysis ; Disinfection ; Drinking Water ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods

Scales are important tools to measure and evaluate the severity degree and treatment effect of anxiety, but objective index with high quality is insufficient. Clinical researches of anxiety treated with acupuncture and moxibustion from the domestic and the oversea in recent 10 years are retrieved. The applications of all kinds of scales for anxiety treated with acupuncture and moxibustion in clinical research are analyzed, and problems needed to be paid attention to about scales are further explored. The establishment of effect evaluation system combining clinical symptoms with the quality of life is raised, so as to provide reference to further research.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Anxiety Disorders ; psychology ; therapy ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome

Induced the mouse embryonic stem(ES)cells into neural cells on silk fibroin via the improved 4-/4+ RA method to explore the effect of the silk fibroin to the ES-derived neurons' growth,adherence and differentiation.Suspended the ES cells into EBs and then transferred them to three different substrates-coated 35 mm dishes including gelatin,Bombyx mori silk fibroin(SF) and Tussah silk fibroin(TSF) to identify the adherence and proportion of ES cells-derived neurons under these three substrates.The results showed that the EBs adhered to the gelatin and TSF are faster than to the SF.The average adhesive rate on gelatin and TSF are 90.3% and 84.4% respectively,and only 38.5% on SF,all the proportion of ?-Ⅲ-Tubulin positive cells is approximately 40%.It may provide important experimental information for tissue engineering,in which ES cells-derived neuron cells and silk fibroin materials are scaffolds,and also offer a source for cell therapy research of neurodegenerative disease.

Sini decoction (SND), a classical traditional Chinese medicine emergency formula recorded in Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases), which is composed of Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, Glycyrrhizae Preparata Radix and Zingiberis Rhizoma. Modern clinical and pharmacological researches have shown that SND can protect the myocardium effectively during myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI-RI). A myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model of H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro has been established. Four groups, control group, MI-RI Model group, SND group and SND without Glycyrrhizae Radix group, were arranged. The livability, the level of LDH and CK activity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in different groups were tested. By combining with principal components analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares projection of latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), 17 biomarkers in extracellular fluid were identified and 15 of them were related to the pathway of biological processes. The results showed that the attenuate and synergistic mechanism between Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix for toxicity reduction was related with the glycolysis, lipid metabolism, citrate cycle and nitrogen metabolism of amino acids metabolism. The study proved the effect on H9c2 cardiomyocyte treated by MI-RI injury both SND group and SND without Glycyrrhizae Radix group, and compared with the SND without Glycyrrhizae Radix, the protective effect of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model of H9c2 cardiomyocyte from SND was stronger.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Animals ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The change of the effective components (liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin) contents of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRR) before and after compatibilities in Sini decoction was studied in this paper. Taking single GRR decoction, GRR-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) decoction, GRR-Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) decoction and Sini decoction as test samples, the contents changing of the four effective components of GRR were measured by HPLC. The results showed that the contents of the four effective components of GRR in the single GRR decoction was higher than that in other samples, and the sequence was single GRR decoction > GRR-ZR decoction > GRR-ALRP decoction > Sini decoction. The contents of liquiritin were 11.18, 9.89, 9.67, 9.17 mg · g(-1); the contents of glycyrrhizic acid were 20.76, 15.58, 11.30, 8.52 mg · g(-1); the contents of liquiritigenin were 0.66, 0.57, 0.45, 0.24 mg · g(-1); the contents of isoliquiritigenin were 0.14, 0.07, 0.03, 0.01 mg · g(-1). Therefore, the effective components of GRR decreased obviously after GRR compatibility with ZR providing scientific basis for GRR relieving the strong nature of ZR. The effective components of GRR decreased sharply after GRR compatibility with ALRP providing scientific support for the material foundation research of GRR reducing the toxicity of ALRP. The effective components of GRR decreased further in Sini decoction indicating that the three medicines in Sini decoction were interactional, which reflecting the scientific connotation of the mutual-restraint/mutual-detoxication, mutual-promotion/mutual-assistance compatibilities in Sini decoction.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop directly molecular evolution of nitrite oxido-reductase using DNA-shuffling technique because nitrobacteria grow extremely slow and are unable to nitrify effectively inorganic nitrogen in wastewater treatment.

METHODSThe norB gene coding the ndtrite oxido-reductase in nitrobacteria was cloned and sequenced. Then, directed molecular evolution of nitrite oxido-reductase was developed by DNA-shuffling of 15 norB genes from different nitrobacteria.

RESULTSAfter DNA-shuffling with sexual PCR and staggered extension process PCR, the sequence was different from its parental DNA fragments and the homology ranged from 98% to 99%. The maximum nitrification rate of the modified bacterium of X16 by DNA-shuffling was up to 42.9 mg/L x d, which was almost 10 times higher than that of its parental bacteria. Furthermore, the modified bacterium had the same characteristics of its parental bacteria of E. coli and could grow rapidly in normal cultures.

CONCLUSIONDNA-shuffling was successfully used to engineer E. coli, which had norB gene and could degrade inorganic nitrogen effectively.

Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Shuffling ; Deltaproteobacteria ; enzymology ; genetics ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Gammaproteobacteria ; enzymology ; genetics ; Nitrite Reductases ; chemistry ; genetics ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

The long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the plasma glucocorticoids level were observed in rats to study the effects of physical exercise on chronic stress-induced hippocampal damages. Eight-week spontaneous wheel running exercise could attenuate the suppression of LTP induced by 21-day restraint stress, and maintain the normal plasma glucocorticoids levels. It is suggested that long-term physical exercise may protect the hippocampus from stress-induced damages.
Animals ; Corticosterone ; blood ; Hippocampus ; physiopathology ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Psychological ; blood ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo analyze protein changes in the lung of Wistar rats exposed to gaseous formaldehyde (FA) at 32-37 mg/m3 for 4 h/day for 15 days using proteomics technique.

METHODSLung samples were solubilized and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and gel patterns were scanned and analyzed for detection of differently expressed protein spots. These protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and NCBInr protein database searching.

RESULTSFour proteins were altered significantly in 32-37 mg/m3 FA group, with 3 proteins up-regulated, 1 protein down-regulated. The 4 proteins were identified as aldose reductase, LIM protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and chloride intracellular channel 3.

CONCLUSIONThe four proteins are related to cell proliferation induced by FA and defense reaction of anti-oxidation. Proteomics is a powerful tool in research of environmental health, and has prospects in search for protein markers for disease diagnosis and monitoring.

Administration, Inhalation ; Animals ; Databases, Protein ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; toxicity ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

OBJECTIVETo study the genotoxicity effect of environmental tobacco side-stream smokes (ETSS) on oxidative DNA damage and its molecular mechanism.

METHODSDNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. The level of 8-OHdG in DNA exposed to ETSS was detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Organic and inorganic components in ETSS were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum respectively.

RESULTSParticle matters (PMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ETSS could directly induce oxidative DNA damage and formation of 8-OHdG. There were 123 and 84 kinds of organic components in PMs and VOCs respectively, and 7 kinds of inorganic components in ETSS. Some components, especially quinones and polyphenols in ETSS, could produce free radicals in vitro by auto-oxidation without any biological activity systems, and with the catalytic reaction of metals, the DNA adduct 8-OHdG was produced.

CONCLUSIONETSS have biological oxidative effect on DNA in vitro and in vivo, and expressed direct genotoxicity. 8-OHdG is a valuable biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Cattle ; DNA ; drug effects ; metabolism ; DNA Adducts ; analysis ; DNA Damage ; Deoxyguanosine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Female ; Lung ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo analyze and compare the characteristics of musculoskeletal ultrasonography and X-ray of knee osteoarthritis, and to investigate the advantages of them.

METHODSAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 cases (66 knees) were collected from February 2015 to May 2015. Among them, there were 48 females and 9 males with an average age of (58.9 +/- 9.8) years old (ranged, 41 to 78 years old). The main symptoms included unilateral or bilateral knee pain and locked joints explicit areas of tender points. The mean course of disease was (13.6 +/- 3.0) months. The results of musculoskeletal ultrasound and X-ray examinations were analyzed.

RESULTSAccording to Kellgren-Lawrence classification of knee joint on the X-ray: the musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with I degree synovial hyperplasia in 9 cases, joint effusion in 20 cases, meniscal disease in 13 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 5 cases, and patellar lesion in 8 cases. The musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with III degree: synovial hyperplasia in 20 cases,joint effusion in 31 cases, meniscal disease in 22 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 16 cases and patellar lesion in 17 cases. The musculoskeletal ultrasound results of patients with III degree: synovial hyperplasia in 6 cases,joint effusion in 6 cases, meniscal disease in 7 cases, patellar pad inflammation in 7 cases and patellar lesion in 5 cases.

CONCLUSIONThe musculoskeletal ultrasound can detect the pathological changes of knee soft tissue sensitively, provide an accurate location of lesions,and find lesions early. The musculoskeletal ultrasound should be applicated in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; diagnostic imaging ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Ultrasonography