Early diagnosis of inflammation and properly interfere to improve the prognosis are very important.However,it is difficult to verify inflammation or differentiate inflammation from infection in clinic,especially in the condition of underlying inflammation.Currently,radiopharmaceuticals based on researches of pathophysiology progress of diseases are studied constantly.This review summarizes the potential inflammation imaging radiotracers and their mechanisms,potential clinical application value.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the causes for failed treatments of proximal femoral fractures and to evaluate the curative results of total hip replacement(THR)to salvage the failures.Methods A retrospective study was conducted for 23 consecutive cases of THR to salvage failed treatments of proximal femoral fractures from February 2002 to April 2005.There were 17 cases of femoral neck fracture,five cases of intertrochanteric frac- ture,and one case of femoral head fracture.Results Inadequate reduction after inadequate fixation,incorrect materials or technical errors in internal fixation were the most significant reasons for the failure of early treatment. Twenty-one of the 23 patients were available for fullow-up that ranged from 8 to 46 months(mean,32 months). No such complications as wound infection,hip dislocation,prosthesis breakage or deep venous thrombosis were found.Their mean Harris score increased from 48.3 preoperatively to 87.6 postoperatively.Condusions Re- duction,internal fixation,and fixation technique are very important to treatments of proximal femoral fractures. High energy trauma in young patients and osteoporosis in old patients make treatment of proximal femoral fractures even more difficult.THR is a satisfactory and safe way to salvage a failed treatment of proximal femoral fracture.

Objective To investigate effects of different doses of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in fetal mouse osteoblasts.Methods Calvaria osteoblasts of fetal mice of 19 days were cultured.The effects of rhBMP-2 at different doses and different action times on VEGF expression patterns in fetal mouse osteoblasts were observed with reverse transcrip- tion-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot staining.Results In the present study,RT-PCR detected a steady expression of VEGF mRNA in the control fetal mouse osteoblasts.The levels of VEGF mRNA increased in an apparent biphasic manner with a maximum stimulation (about 2-fold above the control,P＜0.05 ) in both VEGF mRNA species observed at 300 ng/mL of rbBMP-2.After 48 h of rhBMP-2 treatment,the VEGF mRNA levels approached those in the control.The VEGF mRNA levels appeared to be biphasic in rhBMP-2-treated cultures,showing peak induction at 3 and 24 h and remaining elevated at 48 b.Compared with the individual control value at each time point,an apparent maximum increase (about 2.5-fold above the control,P＜0.05) occurred at 6 h.The second peak induction,about 2-fold above that in the control,occurred at about 36 h.Conclusions The expression of VEGF mRNA is steady in the control fetal mouse osteoblasts.RhBMP-2 can promote the expression of VEGF in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners.

Objective To analyze MRI features of breast intraductal papilloma,to improve the acquaintance of this disease.Methods The preoperative MRI images (T2 WI-SPAIR,DWI,ADC,TIC and MIP)of eight patients with breast intraductal papilloma confirmed by surgery were reviewed retrospectively,which were compared with the postoperative pathology.The morphology,distribution, enhanced methods and signal characteristics of the lesion were summarized.Results Of 8 cases,the lession was dormant,and MRI revealed three patterns:the first type was occult papilloma,which presented distention of ducts and no solid nodule in 3 cases (37.5%);the second type showed tiny nodules in bar-like dilatation of ducts in 3 cases (37.5%);and the third type presented small round nodules scattering distribued in terminal ductules in 2 cases (25%).The maximum diameter of nodular lesions was 0.4-1.0 cm(average 0.7 cm).The lesions on T2 WI-SPAIR showed equal signal intensity or mixed signals with isointensity/hypointensity,and dilatation catheter.enhancement. The ADC and TIC value were various,therefore,diagnosis of the tumor should be combined with morphology and associated symptoms. Conclusion At early stage,the occult focus of breast intraductal papilloma can be sensitively detected and localized on MRI.It reveals that MRI has advantage in showing morphology of lesion and functional imaging,which is of important value in clinical diagnosis and early treatment.

OBJECTIVETo observe features of Icariin in promoting osteogenic differentiation of SD rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro.

METHODS(1) SD rats' BMSCs were isolated and purified by mechanically isolated and cultured by whole bone marrow adherent method. Effects of various concentrations Icariin on serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected using amino antipyrine phenol determination method at day 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21. Calcium nodes of each groups were detected using alizarin red staining. Roles of various concentrations Icariin in promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were observed. (2) BMSCs were divided into the blank control group, the osteogenic induced group, and the Icariin group (0.5 microg/mL). ALP activities were detected at day 7, 14, and 21 of culture. Meanwhile, ALP positive staining rate and calcium nodes were detected at day 14 and 21 respectively. Additionally, mRNA expressions of Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) and Osteocalcin were detected at day 7, 14, and 21 by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.

RESULTS(1) 0.05-5.0 microg/mL Icariin could significantly elevate serum ALP activities. Of them, 0.2-2.0 microg/mL Icariin significantly increased calcium nodes numbers (P < 0.01). (2) When Icariin promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, Runx2 mRNA expression levels and ALP activities increased earlier and then decreased, while osteocalcin mRNA expression levels continued to increase (P < 0.01). Compared with the osteogenic induced group, ALP activities and ALP positive staining rate were both elevated after 14 days of Icariin treatment in the Icariin group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIcariin could promote the differentiation of BMSCs to osteoblasts by up-regulating Runx2 mRNA expression levels. It also could promote the mineralization by increasing ALP secretion and Osteocalcin mRNA expression levels, thereby promoting mature of newly generated osteoblasts.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To evaluate the benefit of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as a consolidation therapy in the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients at different risks. Methods:A total of 67 MM patients who received ASCT as consolida-tion therapy between August 2006 and July 2011 were enrolled in the retrospective study. The cases were divided into three risk groups on the basis of the International Staging System and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Another 67 patients who accepted consolidation chemotherapy at the same period were selected as case-paired controls matched in terms of age, sex, optimal response after induction, and risk stratifications. All the patients received bortezomib-and/or thalidomide-based induction therapies. Results:No statistical differ-ences in non-complete remission (nCR)/complete remission (CR) rate were observed between the ASCT and chemotherapy groups (44.8%vs. 37.3%, P=0.380) after the induction therapy. The progression-free survival (PFS) was longer in the ASCT group than in the chemotherapy group (32.4 months vs. 15.1 months, P<0.001). The overall survival (OS) was longer in the ASCT group than in the che-motherapy group (58.8 months vs. 42.1 months, P=0.009). both the PFS (median:30.5 months vs. 11.2 months, P<0.001) and the OS (median:85.5 months vs. 34 months, P=0.015) rates were significantly prolonged in the high-risk subgroup after ASCT. In the interme-diate-risk subgroup, neither PFS nor OS showed any significance after ASCT (P>0.05). In the low-risk subgroup, only PFS was extend-ed (median: 34.8 months vs. 17.6 months, P=0.012) after ASCT, without significant improvements in the OS (P>0.05). Conclusion:The MM patients obtained cytogenetic high-risk benefits mostly from ASCT consolidation after inductions based on novel agents.

Objective： The current study was designed to establish a new method to evaluate biological activity of carcinoma— functional status of p53, and investigate the relationship between functional inactivation of p53 and the TNM(tumor,nodes,metastasis) staging or histological classification of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. Methods： A total of 45 samples of fresh esophageal tissues of squamous cell carcinoma and normal esophageal tissues were examined for functional inactivation of p53 by detection of functional inactivation of p53 ( comparison with detection of p53 gene mutation ) . Then the analyses of detected results and the TNM stagings or the histological classifications of the carcinoma were statistically analyzed in SPSS. Results： The rate of functional inactivation of p53 (64％ ) seemed to be obviously higher than that of p53 gene mutation (49％ ) with a significant difference (P=0.046). There was a significant relationship between functional inactivation of p53 and the TNM staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Its rate tended to be increased with the advance of the TNM staging; there was a significant relationship between functional inactivation of p53 and the histological classification. With the advance of the histological classification, the rate of functional inactivation of p53 could have increased. Conclusions： The functional inactivation of p53 would be expected to be a new method to evaluate the biological activity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma； there was a significant relationship between functional inactivation of p53 and the TNM staging or the histological classification.

Primary tracheal tumors are relatively rare. Here we report one case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea which was ever misdiagnosed as asthma and hysteria. In this case, the pulmonary function test was normal, and firstly no obvious abnormalities were found in laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy and CT scan of chest. Later a sagittal and coronal reconstruction CT scan of trachea showed a mass situated in the subglottic trachea. Lastly a laryngoscopy was again done after a tracheal incision and showed a small mass in the posterior wall of the subglottic trachea, and tumor ablation was performed. In addition, we reviewed the literature of primary tracheal tumors and summarized the epidemiology, presenting features, available therapeutic options of the disease.
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; diagnosis

Weightlessness environment can lead to the muscle atrophy and body fluid distribution upward,which can cause the bone calcium metabolism disorder and always accompanied by the loss of bone microstructure and increased rate of bone fracture. Under microgravity,the astronauts are much easier to decrease the Ca2+ ion in bone, which can cause serious osteoporosis. However the bone lost is not equilibrium, it is especially serious in the mechanism loading bone and the recovery process is more difficult. These are very different from the osteoporosis in older people and postmenopausal osteoporosis. It is necessary to find an optimal method to due with it. In traditional Chinese medicine theory,the kidney stores "Jing" and dominates the bone, thus a lot of bone related diseases can be treated through the kidney. A lot of clinical practices have also proved that the Chinese herbs used under the guidance of basic Chinese medicine theory are always good at the treatment of common osteoporosis. In simulated weightlessness experiment, people found that the kidney nourishment drugs do can prevent the decrease of BMD. So in this article we want to review the causes of weightlessness and the potentials applications of tradition Chinese medicine in the treatment of weightlessness osteoporosis.
Humans ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Weightlessness ; adverse effects