Objective:To investigate the differences in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs) from diseased splenic vein (DSVs) and varicose great saphenous vein (VGSVs) under high hemodynamics.Methods:Seventy-two specimens of DSVs,normal splenic veins (SVs),VGSVs,and normal great saphenous vein (GSVs) were collected.Venous wall in the four groups,MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1,and TIMP-2 protein expression were observed and MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1,TIMP-2 proteins positive expression ratio and mRNA expression were determined.Results:DSVs and VGSVs in the two groups,MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1,TIMP-2 proteins with clustered strong expression were observed;In DSVs group,MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1,TIMP-2 protein positive expression ratio and mRNA expression were significantly increased compared with SVs group,while in VGSVs group,MMP-2,MMP-9,TIMP-1,TIMP-2 protein positive expression ratio and mRNA expression were significantly increased compared with GSVs group (P＜0.05).VGSVs/GSVs ratio was significantly increased compared with DSVs/SVs ratio (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Under high hemodynamics,the dysequilibrium of MMPs and TIMPs from splenic vein and great saphenous vein,These results may be one of the molecular mechanism in vascular remodeling.

Ligustrazine, one of the major effective components of the Chinese traditional medicinal herb Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort, has been reported plenty of biological activities, such as protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, neuroprotection and anti-tumor, et al. Because of its remarkable effects, studies on structural modification of ligustrazine have attracted much attention. Ligustrazine synthetic derivatives reported in recent decades are mainly derived from four primary intermediates (TMP-COOH, TMP-OH, TMP-NH2, HO-TMP-OH). To explore the neuroprotection activitiy of ligustrazine intermediates, six ligustrazine intermediates (2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13) were synthesized and their protective effects against CoCl2-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells were studied. The target compounds were prepared via different chemical methods, including oxidation, substitution, esterification and amidation without changing the structure nucleus of ligustrazine. Compared with TMP (EC50 = 56.03 micromol x L(-1)), four compounds (2, 5, 12 and 13) exhibited higher activity (EC50 < 50 micromol x L(-1)) respectively, of which, compound 2 displayed the highest protective effect against the damaged PC12 cells (EC50 = 32.86 micromol x L(-1)), but target compounds 8 and 11 appeared lower activity (EC50 > 70 micromol x L(-1)). By structure-activity relationships analysis, the introduction of carboxyl, amino to the side chain of ligustrazine and appropriately increase the proportion of ligustrazine may contribute to enhance its neuroprotective activity, which provides a reference for the design, synthesis and activity screening of relevant series of ligustrazine derivatives in the future.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic ; Cobalt ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Neuroprotective Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Neurotoxins ; toxicity ; PC12 Cells ; Pyrazines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rats

Objective To study the effect of autophagy regulation on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury(H/RI)in mouse spermatogonia,and to explore the effect of autophagy on ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)in mouse testicular tissue.Methods The mouse spermatogonial cell line GC1 spg was used as the research object to construct the H/RI model.Rapamycin(RAPA)and 3-methyladenine(3-MA)were used as autophagy ago-nists and inhibitors.The control group,the model group,the autophagy agonist intervention group(H/RI+autophagy agonist intervention),and the autophagy inhibitor intervention group(H/RI+autophagy inhibitor intervention)were set up.The cells proliferation ability of each group was detected by methyl thiazol tetrazoli-um(MTT)method.The release level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and apoptosis level of each group were detected by flow cytometry.The expression levels of autophagy-related gene Beclin1 and apoptosis-relat-ed genes Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA in each group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).The expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅰ,LC3-Ⅱ,Beclin1,p62 and apoptosis-relat-ed proteins Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 in each group were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the proliferation abiliy,the expression levels of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 mRNA in the model group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the relative expression levels of p62 and Bcl-2 proteins were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The ROS level,apoptosis rate and the mRNA expression level of Bax were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the protein expresion levels of Beclin1,Bax,caspase-3 and the protein ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the cell proliferation a-bility,the expression levels of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 mRNA in the autophagy agonist intervention group were the protein ratio of significantly increased(P＜0.01),the protein expression levels of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 and the protein ration of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The ROS level,apoptosis rate and the expression level of Bax mRNA were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of p62,Bax,caspase-3 and the protein ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Com-pared with the model group,the cell proliferation ability,the mRNA expression levels of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 in the autophagy inhibitor intervention group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the protein expression lev-els of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 protein were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The ROS level,apoptosis rate and the mRNA expression level of Bax were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the protein expression levels of p62,Bax,caspase-3 and the protein ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰwere significantly iecreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion Enhanced au-tophagy can inhibit apoptosis of spermatogonia and repair H/RI in mice,which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of testicular tissue IRI.

This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) on systemic and tissue-specific inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity-resistant (OR)rats with chronic partial sleep deprivation (PSD).OR rats with PSD were orally given JTW and Estazolam for 4 weeks.The amount of food intake and metabolic parameters such as body weight increase rate,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting insulin (FINS),homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and plasma inflammatory markers were measured.The expression levels of circadian proteins cryptochrome 1 (Cry1)and cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) in hypothalamus,adipose and liver tissues were also determined.Meanwhile,the mRNA expression of inflammatory markers,activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein,as well as the expression levels of insulin signaling pathway proteins in hypothalamus,adipose and liver tissues were measured.Additionally,cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and activity of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)in hypothalamus tissue were measured.JTW significantly decreased the body weight increase rate and food intake,ameliorated systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.JTW effectively ameliorated inflammation and increased PI3K/AKT signaling activation in hypothalamus,adipose and liver.Interestingly,all these changes were associated with the up-regulation of circadian gene Cryl and Cry2 protein expression.We also found that in hypothalamus tissue of P SD rats,down-regulation of Cry 1 and Cry2 activated cAMP/PKA signaling and then led to inflammation,while JTW inhibited this signaling.These results suggested that JTW has the beneficial effect on ameliorating inflammation and insulin resistance in partially sleep-deprived rats by up-regulating Cry expression.

BACKGROUNDVerapamil-sensitive, idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) with right bundle branch block configuration and left-axis deviation is known to be due to re-entry mechanism but the exact nature of reentrant circuit in ILVT is not fully elucidated. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation was applied during ventricular tachycardia (VT) and termination of the VT or abolishing the inducibility of the tachycardia was used as an endpoint for successful RF. In this study, the left posterior fascicular block in surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was used as a new endpoint of ablation to cure ILVT.

METHODSElectrophysiological studies and radiofrequency ablation were performed in 39 consecutive patients [30 men, 9 women; age ranging from 10 to 64 years, mean (29 +/- 16) years] with verapamil-sensitive ILVT and structurally normal hearts. VT could be terminated by the intravenous administration of verapamil in all patients. The target site was the midseptum of LV where the earliest Purkinje potentials were recorded during VT. RF current was applied to the target site with or without late diastolic potential (LDP) during sinus rhythm in 37 patients and during VT in 2 patients to meet the ablation endpoint: the left posterior fascicular block in the surface ECG.

RESULTSThirty-seven patients with ILVT had been treated by RF ablation during sinus rhythm and two had been treated during VT. All of them met the endpoint of the left posterior fascicular block. Thirty-eight cases were symptom-free without medications during the follow-up period (range from 3 to 95 months, median 17 months). One patient developed a clinical recurrence and the left posterior fascicular block in surface ECG disappeared. The patient received another treatment. The endpoint was met and the procedure was successful.

CONCLUSIONSThe left posterior fascicular block in surface ECG used as an endpoint of RF ablation to treat ILVT is effective. It is important especially in those patients whose VT can not be induced or the inducible condition is unstable. The effective endpoint implied that the left posterior fascicle might be a critical part of the re-entrant circuit.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Child ; Diastole ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Verapamil ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells by high glucose. METHODS: The third passage human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) from primary culture were divided into a control group (F(12)) and high glucose groups (F(12)+4% glucose) in different times (24, 48 h). The cell proliferation was assayed by the method of MTT (methylthiazoletetrazolium). The cell damage was measured by LDH (lactate dehydrogenase). The protein expression of fibronectin (FN), transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta(1)) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of FN, TGF-beta(1) and PAI-1 were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: High glucose suppressed the cell proliferation. The result of MTT showed that compared with the control group, the value of OD of high glucose groups at 24 or 48 h decreased significantly (P<0.01 or 0.01); The cell damage was enhanced in high glucose groups, at 24 or 48 h compared with the control group at the same time (all P<0.01). The protein expressions of TGF-beta(1), CTGF and FN in supernate fluid of cell culture were significantly enhanced when high glucose stimulated the HPMCs in the high glucose groups at 24 or 48 h compared with the control group at the same time (P<0.05 or 0.001). The expressions of FN, TGF-beta(1) and PAI-1 mRNA were upregulated in 24 h high glucose group compared with that of 24 h control group. CONCLUSION High glucose can suppress the HPMC proliferation and damage HPMCs. Increase of TGF-beta(1), CTGF, FN and PAI-1 of HPMCs stimulated by high glucose can promote the synthesis and decreased degradation of extracellular matrix, which might be related with the mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells by high glucose.
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fibronectins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneum ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the polymorphism of DYS287 among 28 ethnic populations in 9 provinces of China.

METHODYAP element was detected by Touchdown PCR amplification and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis.

RESULTSYAP+ frequencies in these ethnic populations were as follows: Zang 36.7%, Tu 23.8%, Yi 18.4%, Pumi 11.3%, Tajik 7.4%, Bai 6.7%, Jino 5.1%, Shandong Han 4%, Mulao 2.7%, and Maonan 1.3%. The rest ethnic populations in our study, including Gansu Han, Yunnan Han, Zhuangzu, Daizu, Lizu, Nuzu, Lisu, Naxi, Lahu, Dulong, Hani, Shezu, Weiwuer, Sala, Kerkizi, Dongxiang, Vazu, and Korea didn't carry YAP + element.

CONCLUSIONSZangzu, Tuzu, Yizu, Pumi, Jino, and Baizu, which belong to Sino-Tibetan language family, carry a high YAP + frequency. Sala, Tuzu, and Tajik, regarded as Central Asia by origin in history and linguistics, also have a high YAP + frequency. Mulao and Maonan, which origin from "Baiyue" ancient ethnic groups, also have a considerable YAP + frequency.

Alu Elements ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the improved plastic and reconstruction of the anus in situ.

METHODSImproved plastic and reconstruction of anus in situ was performed in 38 cases of low rectal cancers operated while Miles radical operation. Improvement includes: (1) The internal sphincter was rebuilt with 4 layers of muscle layer of the endmost of colon. (2) The last of gracilis was divided into 2 parts to reconstruct the superficial part and deep part of external sphincter muscle. (3) The rectum cape improvement is to firmly stitch the levator ani outside the external sphincter muscle in front of the colon. (4) The rectum valve is improved into three artificial rectum valves.

RESULTSThe form and function and their long term survival rate were good, the rate of superior anus function was 94.73%.

CONCLUSIONIt mains the results of improved plastic and reconstruction of anus in situ is near that of normal persons.

Adult ; Aged ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Rectum ; surgery

BACKGROUNDContinuous negative pressure drainage (CNPD) is widely used after lower lumbar internal fixation; however, it may cause tremendous blood loss and lead to postoperative hemorrhagic anemia. The present study explored the efficacy and safety of improved intermittent-clamped drainage (ICD) for lower lumbar internal fixation.

METHODSThis was a prospective study that included 156 patients with decompression of the spinal canal and internal fixation for the first time from January 2012 to December 2014. The patients were randomly divided into ICD group and CNPD group, and each group had 78 cases. A drainage tube was placed under the deep fascia in all patients within 10 min after the commencement of wound closure. The postoperative drainage amount at different time points, the hemoglobin level, and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Shapiro-Wilk test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used in this study.

RESULTSThe drainage amount was significantly reduced in the ICD group, as compared with the CNPD group (Z = 10.74, P < 0.01). The mean total drainage amount (in ml) of the single-segment and two-segment procedures was significantly greater in the CNPD group than the ICD group (Z = 10.63 and 10.75, respectively; P < 0.01). For the adverse events, there was no significant difference in postoperative temperature, wound problem, and complications between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe present study showed a statistically significant reduction in postoperative drainage amount between ICD and CNPD groups, and ICD is an effective, convenient, and safe method for routine use in lower lumbar surgery. It is essential to focus on the effect of clamping drainage with long-segment surgical procedure and complex lumbar disease in the further investigation, as well as the effect of clamping on long-term functional outcomes.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDTo study the full length L and M sequence of Hantavirus Q32 strain gene and explore its molecular characters.

METHODSThe L and M segment cDNA of Hantavirus Q32 strain was amplified by RT-PCR. The purified PCR products were sequenced directly or cloned into pGEM-T Vector and then sequenced.

RESULTSThe L genome segment of Q32 virus was found to be 6533 nucleotides in length. One large open reading frame was found located at bases 38 to 6493. This was predicted to encode an L protein 2151 amino acids in length with a molecular mass of 2.46 x 10(5). The M genome segment was 3616 nucleotides in length. One open reading frame was located at bases 41 to 3488. This was predicted to encode an M protein 1135 amino acids with a molecular mass of 1.26 x 10(5).

CONCLUSIONThe nucleotides sequence of M and L segments of strain Q32 was similar to that of other Hantavirus M and L segments. Deduced amino acid sequences of glycoprotein and RNA polymerase revealed high homologue to other Hantavirus.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; genetics ; Hantavirus ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Murinae ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Vero Cells ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; classification ; genetics ; Viral Proteins ; genetics