A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/ MS) method for quantification of pentoxyverine citrate in human plasma has been developed and applied for the bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics study. After extracted from plasma samples with ethyl acetate, analysis was performed in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with a positive electrospray ionization (ESI) interface with a mobile phase consisted of methanol and water (0.4% glacial acetic acid and 4 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate, 43 : 57, v/v). The linear concentration range of the calibration curves was 1.0-160.0 ng x mL(-1) for pentoxyverine citrate, inter- and intra-precision (RSD) was less than 12.5%, accuracy (RE) was in +/- 13.5% and absolute recovery was more than 80%. The method was proved simple, rapid, sensitive, specific and suitable for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of Yufenweilin capsule containing pentoxyverine citrate.
Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Cyclopentanes ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Male ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Therapeutic Equivalency

OBJECTIVE To study the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution characteristics of alpha-amanitin in rats.METHODS The tail venous blood was collected from SD rats before and 5,10,20,30 and 45 min,1,1.5,2.5,4 and 8 h after intraperitoneal injection of alpha-amanitin(1.5 mg·kg-1),and the concentration of alpha-amanitin in blood was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).DAS 2.0 software was used to analyze and plot the drug-time curve with toxicokinetic parame-ters.Based on the toxicokinetics results,18 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups.The rats were sacrificed,and left ventricular arterial(LVA)blood and 9 types of tissue samples involving the heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,whole brain,small intestine,stomach wall and testis were collected 15 min,40 min and 2.5 h after dosing,and the concentrations of alpha-amanitin were measured by LC-MS/MS to obtain the tissue distribution results of alpha-amanitin in SD rats.RESULTS Toxicokinetics studies revealed that the peak blood concentration(Cmax)was(633±121)μg·L-1,the elimination half-life(T1/2)was(0.72±0.37)h,and the peak time(Tmax)was(0.52±0.16)h.The total clearance rate(CLz)was(1.62±0.26)L·h·kg-1,the area under the curve(AUC0-t)was(946±183)μg·h·L-1,and the mean reten-tion time(MRT0-t)was(1.18±0.17)h.The apparent volume of distribution(Vz)was(1.65±0.86)L·kg-1.The results of tissue distribution study showed that alpha-amanitin was widely distributed in SD rats with the highest concentration in the kidney,followed by the lung,small intestines,stomach wall,LVA blood and liver,but was low in the heart,spleen,testicles and other tissues,and very low in the brain.Alpha-amanitin was absorbed and eliminated quickly,peaked at 40 min in each tissue,and the concen-tration was minimized after 2.5 h.CONCLUSION The absorption and elimination of alpha-amanitin by intraperitoneal injection are rapid in SD rats,and the blood concentration reaches the peak about 31 min after administration,but can not be detected 4 h later.Alpha-amanitin is mainly distributed in the kidney,followed by the tissues and metabolic organs with rich blood flow,such as the lung,small intestines,stomach wall,LVA blood and liver.The content of alpha-amanitin is low in the heart,spleen,testicles and other tissues,and very low in the brain.It is speculated that it may have toxic targeting effect on the kidney and low blood-brain barrier permeability.