Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Sarcoma ; pathology ; Spleen ; pathology ; Splenic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the risk factors,management and prophylaxis of dangerous placenta previa.Methods The clinical data of 407 cases of placenta previa were reviewed,36 cases of them with dangerous placenta previa.Comparison was made between group A (dangerous placenta previa,36 cases) and group B (non dangerous placenta previa,371 cases) in terms of age,number of pregnancy and number of ceasarean delivery.Results The incidence rates of pregnant women in group A age ≥ 35years,number of pregnancy ≥3times,and cesarean delivery≥2times were 55.6％,61.1％,25.0％,which were significantly higher than those of group B (25.6％,27.7％,2.4％),the differences were statistically significant (x2 =7.71,8.99,21.97,all P ＜ 0.01).Among the 36 cases of dangerous placenta previa,12 cases were diagnosed with concomitant placenta increta.The specificity and sensitivity for detection of placenta increta were 90.5％ (19/21) and 83.9％ (10/12) of ultrasonography respectively,and those were 100.0％ (3/3) and 87.5％ (7/8) of MRI.Of the 36 dangerous placenta previa patients,two patients were treated with induced labour due to unexpected pregnancy under 28 weeks,while the others were refer to surgical operation.5 surgical patients experienced uncontrollable postpartum haemorrhage which necessitated histectomy,while the other 31 cases received conservative operation.Rate of histectomy was 13.9(5/36).Conclusion Dangerous placenta previa is associated with advanced age,multiple pregnancy and multiple cesarean delivery.Accurate preoperational evaluation of the placenta previa should be acquired with ultrasonography and MRI to detect placenta increta,provide information for treatment selection,and prevent postpartum haemorrhage.

Objective To learn 2009~2014 Shaanxi Province sentinel surveillance six classes of HIV infection focus groups, and estimates of HIV-1 new infection.Methods Used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)and Western blot (WB)experiments for the 2009~2014 HIV sentinel surveillance Shaanxi Province Category 6 focus groups conducted a total of 77 778 HIV antibody screening and confirmatory testing estimates of HIV-1 new infection.Results 2009~2014 men who had sex with men and people with HIV infection rate were 3.75%,8.77%,3.50%,5.00%,6.20% and 5.75%,and a slow upward trend;HIV-1 new infection were 5.04%,8.96%,5.01%,5.95%,4.68% and 6.39%,the overall downward trend. Young students,drug addicts,sex workers,pregnant women,and male STD clinic attenders five people with HIV infection and HIV-1 new infection were emerging to remain low.But male STD clinic attenders of HIV infection and HIV-1 new in-fection was emerging slowly rising trend.Conclusion Shaanxi MSM HIV infection and HIV-1 new infection were high,but HIV-1 new infection had decreased slowly.Emerging trend should continue to increase the population of the intervention ef-forts.The infection rate in other monitoring population was relatively low but a few people on the rise,the need to take the necessary coping methods.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of electro-acupuncture to improve the bladder function after acute spinal cord injury in rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODSSixty healthy adult male SD rats of SPF grade, with body weight of 220 to 250 g, one week after feeding adaptation, were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, electro-acupuncture group, electro-acupuncture control group with 15 rats in each group. Sham operation group underwent no stimulation, and the moderate damage model of spinal cord injury were made in other three groups according to modified Allens method. The model group were not treated, electro-acupuncture group were treated with electro-acupuncture on Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue, and electro-acupuncture control group were treated with electro-acupuncture on 0.5 inch next to Zhibianxue and Shuidaoxue. The frequency of 2/100 Hz, current of 1 mA, stimulation time of 15 min, once a day, left and right alternately stimulate every time, for a total of 7 times. The changes of residual urine volume and urine output in rats at the 1st and the 7th days after operation were observed. And 7 d later, the rats were sacrificed and the injured spinal cord were taken out to observe the apoptosis, and to detect the changes of Bcl-2, Bax, Bad content.

RESULTSAfter modeling,the rats of three groups showed different bladder dysfunction. In electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group, the residual urine volume of the 7th day after operation was significant lower than the 1st day after operation (P < 0.001), and there was statistically significant difference on the 7th day after operation between two groups (P < 0.001). Compared with model group, the urine output of electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significantly increased on the 7th day after operation, and there was sig- nificant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.001). Electro-acupuncture can inhibit apoptosis of spinal cord neurons by TUNEL detection. Postoperative at 7 d, the rate of nerve cell apoptosis in electro -acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group was significant increased than model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.005). Compared with model group, the positive expression rate of Bax, Bad decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and Bcl-2 increased (P < 0.01) in electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group,there was significant difference between electro-acupuncture group and electro-acupuncture control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectro-acupuncture can obviously promote the repair of acute spinal cord injury,its mechanism may be through increasing Bcl-2, inhibiting the expression of Bax, Bad, which inhibits the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Electroacupuncture ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the characteristics and difference of gene expression in the pituitary adenomas and para-tumor normal pituitary tissues.

METHODSUsing serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), two SAGE libraries were generated. Forty clones from each SAGE library were sequenced, and the results were analyzed by SAGE2000 software and compared with the SAGE map at NCBI.

RESULTSA total of 655 gene tags, representing 43 genes, were extracted from the 40 sequence files of the para-tumor normal pituitary tissues and 737 gene tags, representing 53 genes, were extracted from the 40 sequence files of the pituitary adenomas. Of these tags, 13 were not reported before. The genes related to pituitary hormone secretion and energy metabolism were highly expressed in the two kinds of tissues. Some growth factors and cytokines were also expressed, including those involved in the immunological system. But there were also much difference of gene expression in the two tissues. Thirty-one and five tags were only detected in para-tumor normal pituitary tissues and pituitary adenomas, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSGenes involved in hormones secretion and energy metabolism were highly expressed in the pituitary adenomas and para-tumor normal pituitary tissues. Many growth factors and cytokines were also expressed in pituitary. There was also much difference of gene expression in the two kinds of tissues. SAGE can be used not only in understanding the quantity information of gene expression, but also in finding new genes.

Adenoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pituitary Gland ; metabolism ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo construct a tetracycline-inducible eukaryotic expression vector containing human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) cDNA.

METHODSHuman HGF cDNA fragment was obtained by PCR from pUC-SRalpha/HGF plasmid and inserted into the restriction site between Mlu I and Sal I of the tetracycline-inducible eukaryotic expression vector pBI-L. pBI-L-HGF was constructed by DNA recombination in vitro, and was identified by restriction endonucleases digestion and sequencing.

RESULTSThe fragment of pBI-L-HGF digested with restriction endonucleases well corresponded to expectation, and the sequence of inserted HGF cDNA was correct according to the GenBank.

CONCLUSIONThe tetracycline-inducible eukaryotic expression vector of human HGF pBI-L-HGF has been constructed successfully, which allows further study of HGF gene therapy with much safety and easy manipulation.

DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Tetracycline ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo describe the clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes of carcinoid tumorlets in the lung with bronchiectasis, and to study the morphogenesis of these tiny tumors.

METHODSThe histopathologic characteristics of 3 bronchiectasis cases with carcinoid tumorlets, 11 bronchiectasis and 2 normal lungs were studied. Specific markers of the tiny tumors and the number of neuroendocrine cells (NECs) in the airway mucosa were immunohistochemically detected by EnVision method.

RESULTSThe tumorlets in the lungs presented as multi-focal nodules and most were displayed only under microscopy. These cells were arranged in clusters and foci of fascicles which were situated in the surrounding bronchial wall and bronchioles adjacent to bronchiectatic lesion, or in the scar tissues. The tiny tumors were consisted of short fusiform cells and small ovoid cells. Their nuclei were circular, oval or long fusiform and the cells were strongly argyrophilic on Grimelius staining. Intensive positive immunostaining for calcitonin, chromogranin A, NSE and gastrin were detected. Weak positive for CK, EMA, S-100 and focal positive for HC, ACTH, 5-HT were also observed. Proliferative NECs in airway mucosa adjacent to the tiny tumors increased significantly in number, compared with those in the airway mucosa of bronchiectasis without tumorlets and normal lungs (P < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypes of carcinoid tumorlets resemble carcinoid tumors. They are the early stage of carcinoid development. Their development may be related to the chronic pulmonary damage resulting in hypoxia and stimulating the proliferation of NECs. These pulmonary carcinoid tumorlets can be used as a model to study the tumorigenesis of carcinoid carcinoma of the lung.

Adult ; Aged ; Bronchiectasis ; pathology ; Carcinoid Tumor ; chemistry ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Morphogenesis ; Neurosecretory Systems ; pathology

Polypore fungi is a cluster of important pharmacological fungi with significant antitumor activity. In recent years, the antineoplastic constituents from polypore fungi have been comprehensively studied. Through investigating the domestic and overseas studied paper, the antitumor active constituents derived from polypore fungi including high molecular weight compounds such as polysaccharides, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, lectins, and lipid soluble low molecular weight compounds such as terpenoids, steroids, phenolics, benzopyranones, were reviewed. In addition, the significance in the exploitation of new drug for antitumor by the application of polypore fungi was discussed at the end of this paper.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fungi ; chemistry ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Organic Chemicals ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Polyporus ; chemistry ; Solubility

The study was purposed to investigate whether processing and storage conditions might influence the stability of the HCV RNA in whole blood or in plasma. The samples obtained from seven patients known to be positive for HCV RNA were kept in different storage conditions with different anticoagulants, and at the end of processing the plasma samples were frozen at -80 degrees C until fluorescent quantitative PCR testing. The results showed that there was no significant loss of HCV RNA titers in whole blood anticoagulated with CPDA or ACD or EDTA or none (P > 0.05), while differences in comparison of the EDTA-anticoagulant storage condition with three other anticoagulants storage conditions at 4 degrees C after 48 hours were significant (P < 0.05). The HCV RNA level decreased to 53.8%, 72.5% and 29.8% after 48 hours of storage of whole blood anticoagulated with ACD at 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C respectively. The HCV RNA level of plasma samples stored at 4 degrees C and at 25 degrees C (room temperature) after 7 days decreased to 70.9% and 25.1% respectively. After four freeze-thaw cycles the HCV RNA level decreased 38.9% in plasma samples. It is concluded that the HCV RNA is stable relatively. The HCV RNA is resistant to degradation under routine laboratory handling and storage conditions or blood collection, transport and processing conditions. The influence of different anticoagulants on the stability of HCV RNA is different. Blood samples would better be stored at 4 degrees C after collection and plasma separated within 48 hours. And it is important for the stability of HCV RNA undergoing asepsis blood collection process. HCV RNA remains stable at 4 degrees C for at least 7 days or at room temperature for 3 days, allowing greater flexibility in samples collection and transport in transfusion practice nowadays. HCV RNA in plasma samples subject to up to three short-term freeze-thaw cycles is still stable.
Blood Donors ; Blood Preservation ; methods ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; virology ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; drug effects ; Specimen Handling ; standards ; Temperature ; Time Factors

BACKGROUNDNuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is elevated in regulating transcription of many cytokines and inflammatory mediators. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activation and the significance NF-kappaB in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced keratitis.

METHODSLPS induced keratitis model was based on Wistar rats. At 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 or 72 hours after LPS treatment, the rat corneas were observed with a slit lamp microscope, then the rats were sacrificed and their corneas were excised for routine histological analysis. The expression of NF-kappaB was detected with immunohistochemical staining. The change of tumour necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression was identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSHistological findings demonstrated that LPS treated corneas showed significant changes in corneal structure. Corneal edema, pronounced inflammatory cells infiltration and inordinate collagen fibres were observed. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of NF-kappaB and its activation obviously increased after LPS treatment compared with the normal group and control group. Positive cells could be observed at 0.5 hour and peak expression of NF-kappaB was observed between 3 hours and 12 hours after infection, but returned to or approached normal level by 72 hours. RT-PCR showed that the level of TNF-alpha mRNA began to increase 0.5 hour after LPS treatment, peaked at 6 hours and then subsided by 72 hours. NF-kappaB had a positive correlation with the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA (r = 0.964, P < 0.01), both NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha had a strong positive correlation with the degree of inflammatory response in LPS treated corneas (r = 0.929, P < 0.01; r = 0.587, P < 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThe activation of NF-kappaB was increased in LPS treated corneas and was elevated in LPS induced keratitis by promoting overexpression of TNF-alpha mRNA. NF-kappaB may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LPS-associated keratitis in rats.

Animals ; Aqueous Humor ; cytology ; Epithelium, Corneal ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratitis ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; toxicity ; NF-kappa B ; analysis ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; physiology