Objective To study the establishment of rat model of asphyxia-cardiac arrest and efficacy of CPR in order to find the length of optimum time of asphyxia to cause injury.Methods One hundred and twenty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly (random number) divided into sham operation group and experimental groups.Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxiation after intravenous injection of vecuronium bromide.The experimental groups were assigned into AP4 (four-minute asphyxia period),AP6 and AP8 subgroups in accordance with different lengths of time of asphyxia subjected to.In these groups,CPR,including pre-cordial compression and synchronized mechanical ventilation,was initiated 4,6 and 8 min after asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest,respectively.The successful ratio of resuscitation and hemodynamic variables were recorded.Brain water content,neural deficit scores (NDS),imaging changes on MR,pathological changes of brain tissue and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated at 1 d,3 d and 7 days after ROSC.All the data were analyzed by single-factor analysis of variance or Chi-square test.P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result The lowest NDS occurred at 1 d after ROSC,brain water content and imaging changes on MR were most obvious at 3 d after ROSC,while pathological changes of brain tissue and neuronal apoptosis increased and reached the peak at 7d after ROSC.The survival rates after 24 hours of AP4,AP6 and AP8 groups were 85％,75％ and 45％,respectively.The rate of ROSC and survival rate of AP8 group were significantly lower than those of other groups (P ＜0.01).The longer time of asphyxia the severer pathological changes of brain tissue,brain edema,neural deficit,and magnetic resonance imaging changes in all experimental groups.As compared to other groups,the brain damage index of AP8 group was most serious,while that of AP6 group was moderate.Conclusions The rat model following asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was established successfully.From the evidence of survival rate and damage grade of brain tissue,asphyxia for 6 min may be the rational length of ischemic time in this model.

Antipsychotic Agents ; poisoning ; Clozapine ; blood ; poisoning ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; methods ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To establish the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation experimental model of hippocatnpal neurons of rat in vitro, and to try to identify the length of time for producing optimum injury in this model. Method The primary hippocampal neurons of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured for 7 days and randomly (random number) divided into a control group and OGD groups. The OGD groups were assigned into 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6h, 8 h and 10 h subgroups in accordance with different lengths of time for oxygen glucose deprivation. The neurons of OGD groups were placed into a tri-gas incubator containing 0.5% oxygen and the culture medium was substituted with the glucose-free Earle' s balanced salt solution, simulating cerebral ischemia injury in vivo. The morphology of neurons was observed after reoxygenation for 24 hours. The MIT assay was used to determine the rate of survived cells derived from the value of optical density (OD) of cells. The lactate dehydro-genase (LDH) content in culture medium was detected to evaluate the neuron injury. The apoptotic rate of neurons was measured by using flow cytometry. Dunnett-test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data with SPSS version 16.0 soft ware package. Results The morphological damage of neurons in OGD groups aggravated gradually, optical density and cell survival rate decreased (rs= -0.961 and rs = -0.966, P <0.01), and the amount of LDH increased (rs = 0.990, P <0.01) with longer duration of exposure to oxygen glucose deprivation, and the rate of neuron apoptosis increased obviously which was significantly statistical difference in com-parison with the control group (P < 0.05). Under the setting of oxygen glucose deprivation for 6 hours, the apop-tosis rate of neurons approximated to 50% . Conclusions The oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model of rat's hippocampal neurons in vitro was established successfully. From the findings of morphological changes and apoptosis rate of neurons, the oxygen glucose deprivation for 6 hours may be the suitable length of time for inducing neuron injury in this model.

An S-naproxen (S-NAP) molecularly imprinted monolithic stationary phase (MIMSP) with specific recognition for S-NAP and naproxen (NAP) was prepared by in situ technique,utilizing 4-vinylpridine (4-VP) as a function monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as a cross-linking agent,and low-polar solvents (toluene and dodecanol) as porogenic solvents.The selectivity of the polymers for S-NAP and NAP was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The binding characteristics were tested by Scatchard analysis.Racemic NAP could be specifically separated to some extent.At the same time,NAP could be separated from ibuprofen under optimized conditions.Scatchard analysis showed that two classes of binding sites existed in the S-NAP-imprinted polymers,with their dissociation constants estimated to be 1.045 and 5.496 μM,respectively.The results demonstrate that S-NAP and NAP can be recognized specifically on the obtained MIMSP.

An S-naproxen（S-NAP）molecularly imprinted monolithic stationary phase（MIMSP）with specific recognition for S-NAP and naproxen（NAP）was prepared by in situ technique,utilizing 4-vinylpridine（4-VP）as a function monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate（EDMA）as a cross-linking agent,and low-polar solvents（toluene and dodecanol）as porogenic solvents.The selectivity of the polymers for S-NAP and NAP was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The binding characteristics were tested by Scatchard analysis.Racemic NAP could be specifically separated to some extent.At the same time,NAP could be separated from ibuprofen under optimized conditions.Scatchard analysis showed that two classes of binding sites existed in the S-NAP-imprinted polymers,with their dissociation constants estimated to be 1.045 and 5.496 μM,respectively.The results demonstrate that S-NAP and NAP can be recognized specifically on the obtained MIMSP.

Two new species of Fulvifomes are described from specimens collected in rainforests of Nonggang Nature Reserve of southern China, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU) sequences. Fulvifomes nonggangensis sp. nov. is characterized by perennial, sessile and solitary basidiocarps, applanate pileus, small cystidioles of 9.9–15.4 Â 2.9–3.5 lm, large pores of 5–6 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores of 4.3–5.3 Â 3.3–4.2 lm. F. tubogeneratus sp. nov. is characterized by perennial, sessile, and imbricate basidiocarps, a duplex context, small pores of 7–8 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system, and ovoid to subglobose basidiospores of 5.72 Â 5.00 lm.

Two new species of Fulvifomes are described from specimens collected in rainforests of Nonggang Nature Reserve of southern China, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nLSU) sequences. Fulvifomes nonggangensis sp. nov. is characterized by perennial, sessile and solitary basidiocarps, applanate pileus, small cystidioles of 9.9–15.4 Â 2.9–3.5 lm, large pores of 5–6 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores of 4.3–5.3 Â 3.3–4.2 lm. F. tubogeneratus sp. nov. is characterized by perennial, sessile, and imbricate basidiocarps, a duplex context, small pores of 7–8 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system, and ovoid to subglobose basidiospores of 5.72 Â 5.00 lm.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the content of mineral elements and the principal components in Gastrodia elata.

METHODMineral elements were determined by ICP and the data was analyzed by SPSS.

RESULTK element has the highest content-and the average content was 15.31 g x kg(-1). The average content of N element was 8.99 g x kg(-1), followed by K element. The coefficient of variation of K and N was small, but the Mn was the biggest with 51.39%. The highly significant positive correlation was found among N, P and K . Three principal components were selected by principal components analysis to evaluate the quality of G. elata. P, B, N, K, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mg were the characteristic elements of G. elata.

CONCLUSIONThe content of K and N elements was higher and relatively stable. The variation of Mn content was biggest. The quality of G. elata in Guizhou and Yunnan was better from the perspective of mineral elements.

Background: Coracoacromial ligament transfer is the traditional procedure for treating chronic acromioclavicular separation, but it is significantly inferior to ligament reconstruction according to biomechanical and clinical studies. However, ligament reconstruction carries the risk of complications of graft loosening and peri-tunnel fractures. Currently, there is no ligament reconstruction procedure optimal for preventing such complications. The purpose of this study was to describe and retrospectively analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of a “duo-figure-8” autogenic graft wrapping technique, which was used to concomitantly reconstruct the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. Methods: Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and final follow-up oputcomes were evaluated in 10 enrolled patients. Radiographic outcomes were indicated by the bilateral difference of the coracoclavicular distance (CCD) and overlapping length of the acromioclavicular joint (OLac). Quality of reduction was classified into 4 grades according to bilateral CCD difference into overreduction (< 0 mm), anatomic reduction (0–4 mm), partial loss of reduction (4–8 mm), and recurrent dislocation (> 8 mm). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Constant scores. Results: The mean side-to-side differences for CCD were 11.9 mm (preoperative), −0.1 mm (immediate postoperative), and 3.4 mm (final follow-up); those for OLac were 9.4 mm (preoperative) and 2.7 mm (final follow-up). CCD and OLac outcomes significantly improved at final follow-up (p < 0.05). At the immediate postoperative stage, 6 and 4 patients had overreduction and anatomic reduction, respectively. At final follow-up, 7 and 3 patients had anatomic reduction and partial loss of reduction, respectively. The magnitude of improvement of ASES scores for patients with anatomic reduction and partial loss of reduction (p = 0.20) was 18.1 and 20.0, respectively. The magnitude of improvement of Constant scores in patients with anatomic reduction and partial loss of reduction (p = 0.25) was 19.9 and 22.3, respectively. Conclusions The technique yielded acceptable functional outcomes in patients with anatomic reduction or partial loss of reduction. The “duo-figure-8” wrapping method—a single autogenic tendon graft passing beneath the coracoid process with a tendonknot fixation over the distal clavicle and looping around the acromion intramedullary—did not increase the risk of peri-tunnel fractures over the clavicle, coracoid process, or acromion.