Attitude to Health ; China ; Dust ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Needs Assessment ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; Pneumoconiosis ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Forecasting ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; prevention & control ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Risk Adjustment ; trends

MP-Rep fusion gene which size is about 1000bp was constructed by recombinant PCR technique.In order to construct fusion gene,Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) partial movement protein gene(MP) and Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) partial replicase gene(rep) were ligated.Two copies of MP-Rep fusion gene were ligated with soybean intron in inverted repeat manner,the recombinant fragments were then inserted into binary vector pBIN438 under the control of 35S promoter.Recombinant clone pBIN438-MP-Rep(i/r) which contained two different virus derived genes was constructed.Recombinant clone pBIN438-MP-Rep(i/r) in accord with expected design was certified by restriction endonuclease enzymes digestion and PCR analysis.This approach provides a basis for Broad-spectrum plant virus resistance mediated by RNA Silencing.

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of a case-finding program on tuberculosis (TB) in richer rural areas.

METHODSScreening was implemented every three months for a total period of 9 months, in rural areas with high case notification rates. Three villages, each with ten thousand population, were selected to carry out a household screening program. A suspect was defined as who coughed for more than 3 weeks. The suspect was then referred to further diagnosis in county TB dispensary to undergo chest X-ray and sputum test.

RESULTSOf the 86,168 community population screened, 26 TB patients were identified with 7 of them were smear positive. The ratio of effectiveness vs. cost decreased on the second but slightly increased on the third screening program. The direct costs for the 3 screening programs were 6,312,397 and 1637 RMB respectively. Of total direct cost, 5.9% was paid by TB patients, whereas 35.9% was through financing of the county itself.

CONCLUSIONThe community household screening program could achieve higher case detection rate than passive case-finding approach which could be used in richer areas with low case detection rate in China.

China ; Chronic Disease ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Cough ; etiology ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; economics ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Rural Health ; Sputum ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis ; complications ; diagnosis

Esophageal cancer is a common cancer worldwide and has a poor prognosis. The incidence of esophageal squamous cell cancer has been decreasing, whereas the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been increasing rapidly, particularly in Western men. Squamous cell cancer continues to be the major type of esophageal cancer in Asia, and the main risk factors include tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, hot beverage drinking, and poor nutrition. In contrast, esophageal adenocarcinoma predominately affects the whites, and the risk factors include smoking, obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In addition, Asians and Caucasians may have different susceptibilities to esophageal cancer due to different heritage backgrounds. However, comparison studies between these two populations are limited and need to be addressed in the near future. Ethnic differences should be taken into account in preventive and clinical practices.
Adenocarcinoma ; ethnology ; etiology ; genetics ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Asia ; epidemiology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; ethnology ; etiology ; genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; ethnology ; etiology ; genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obesity ; complications ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; United States ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo study the expression level of cyclin D1-CDK4 protein in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELF) induced by quartz, and to study whether the expression level of cyclin D1-CDK4 protein mediated by mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/(AP-1) signaling pathways.

METHODSCells were harvested after stimulation 2 h for the detection of cytokines. Cyclin D1 and CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase 4) proteins was measured by immunocytochemistry (IC) and Western blot (WB).

RESULTSThe exposure of HELF to crystalline quartz for 2 hours could cause the decrease of cyclin D1 and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) protein expression level, (7.91 +/- 0.29) x 10(3) and (5.17 +/- 0.28) x 10(4) respectively, which was lower than that of the HELF group (P < 0.05). AG126 (chemical inhibitor of the extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway) and the dominant negative mutant of ERK2 (molecular inhibitor of ERK2), prevented the decrease of cyclin D1 and CDK4 protein expression level. The chemical inhibitor of c-Jun NH2-terminal amino kinase (JNK), SP600125, could prevent both cyclin D1 and CDK4 protein expression level decrease. But SB203580, the chemical inhibitor of p38, prevented neither cyclin D1 nor CDK4 protein expression level decrease. Curcumin could prevent CDK4 protein expression level decrease but not cyclin D1 protein.

CONCLUSIONERKs and JNKs, but not p38, are responsible for the decrease of cyclin D1 and CDK4 protein expression level in HELF induced by quartz. AP-1 is responsible for the decrease of CDK4 expression level but not that of cyclin D1.

Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; embryology ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Quartz ; toxicity ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; metabolism

Objective To analyze alterations in electrocardiogram (ECG) of adenosine test in 99Tcm-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI)SPECT study. Methods A total of 641 patients were in cluded in the study. The patients each underwent 99Tcm-MIBI MPI with adenosine test. The ECGs were taken before, during, and after adenosine infusion. Results In all, abnormal ECGs were found in 205(32.0%) patients. During adenosine infusion, 20.6%(132/641) of patients suffered from arrhythmia,29.5%(39/132) had atrial premature beats, 34. 1% (45/132) had premature ventricular beats, and 6. 1% (8/132) had sinoatrial block. In addition, 5.3% (7/132) had first-, 24.2% (32/132) had second-, and 0.8%(1/132) had third-degree atrioventricular block (AVB). After adenosine infusion, 4.4%( 28/641) of patients suffered from arrhythmia, 57.1% (16/28) had atrial premature beats, 39.3%(11/28) had premature ventricular beats, and 3.6% (1/28) had sinoatrial block. The perfusion images showed ischemia in 36 patients and infarction in 8 patients. Adenosine infusion was terminated in 39 patients (6. 1%) because of poorly tolerated side effects. However, no death or acute myocardial infarction occurred in the study. Conclusions Adenosine pharmacologic test for 99TcmMIBI MPI may result in relatively high incidence of arrhythmia in ECG monitoring.

Aim To observe the inhibitory effect of Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) on the inflammatory cytokine storm of Ml-type inflammatory macrophages induced by LPS and explore its possible targeting mechanism. Methods Western blot was used to detect the expression of WIL2-S B lymphocytes, H9 T lymphocytes, THP-1 monocytes and M0 macrophages LRP1 receptor protein. CCK-8 method was used to detect the survival rate of the four cells. ELISA was used to detect the expression level of inflammatory cytokines in Ml macrophages. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR4 signaling pathway-related protein in Ml macrophages. Results Macrophages had a high density of LRP1 receptors consistent with monocytes; the survival rate of α-MMC on the four cells was positively correlated with the density of this receptor; α-MMC inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokinesTNF-α, IL-lβ, IL-6, IL-8, MlP-lα and MCP-1 in Ml macrophages in a dose-and time-dependent manner; α-MMC showed significant inhibition to TAKl/pTAK1, p-JNK, p-APl and p-p65 signaling proteins of the TLR4 signaling pathway, and this inhibition could be blocked by the LRP1 receptor blocker RAP. Conclusions α-MMC selectively inhibits macrophage inflammatory cytokine synthesis by inhibiting TAK1 of the TLR4 signaling pathway, which in turn inhibits the downstream NF-ΚB and MAPK pathways, mediated by the LRP1 receptor. The selective immunosuppressive effect of α-MMC on macrophages may make it a very promising agent for the treatment of acute infectious macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).

BACKGROUNDThe key components of metabolic syndrome (MS) are waist circumference, blood pressure, fast blood glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides (TG). These components have, separately and jointly, been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between MS components and cancer risk in a population-based cohort in China.

METHODSWe established a population-based cohort with 17 779 individuals aged 35 and above at baseline in 2004 and 2005 in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. All participants were face-to-face interviewed to complete a questionnaire and were accepted physical examinations including blood tests for glucose and lipids and physical measurements for obesity and blood pressure. In 2009, a total of 16 284 subjects (6886 men and 9398 women, 91.6%) attended the flow-up interviews and the participants or their family members reported all the hospitalizations and diseases including cancer occurred during the follow-up period. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of metabolic syndrome components and cancer incidence.

RESULTSThere was a dose-response association between cancer risk and the number of MS components presented at baseline (P for trend = 0.012) and the HR (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 2.63 (1.27 - 5.45) for subjects carrying 3 or more metabolic syndrome components after adjustment for possible confounding factors. Specifically, the multivariate-adjusted HRs (95%CIs) for cancer risk in subjects with central obesity, high fasting glucose, low HDL-c were 1.94 (1.01 - 3.74), 2.04 (1.10 - 3.77) and 2.05 (1.09 - 3.88), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSIn this population-based, prospective cohort study in China, we found MS components, e.g., central obesity, high fasting glucose, low HDL-c were risk factors for cancer development. Early intervention of MS components may be also beneficial to reduce cancer burden.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Glucose ; physiology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Waist Circumference ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the association of polymorphisms in the potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily,member 1(KCNQ1) gene with type 2 diabetes in Chinese population from Jiangsu province.

METHODSSubjects consisting of 2925 cases and 3281 controls were enrolled from a community based cohort study of type 2 diabetes in Wuxi in 2007 and a community based cross-sectional survey on chronic non-communicable disease in Nantong in 2009. Epidemiological questionnaire survey and physical examinations were conducted and 10 h overnight fasting blood samples of 5 ml were drawn for all subjects.Genotypes were determined by TaqMan OpenArray Genotyping System and i-PLEX Sequenom MassARRAY platform. The relationship between KCNQ1 gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age,sex and body mass index (BMI) was analyzed.

RESULTSThe C allele of rs2237897, rs2237892 and rs2237895 at KCNQ1 increased the risk of type 2 diabetes with adjusted OR (95%CI) value being 1.41(1.30-1.54), 1.35(1.24-1.47), 1.22(1.12-1.33) respectively (all P value < 0.05) under the additive genetic model after adjusted by age,sex and BMI. Stratification analyses in additive genetic model showed that the C allele of rs2237897 increased the risk of type 2 diabetes in subgroups stratified by age ( ≤ 56 years and > 56 years), sex (females and males), BMI (< 24 kg/m(2) and ≥ 24 kg/m(2)) with OR (95%CI) value being 1.39(1.22-1.59), 1.43(1.28-1.60), 1.40(1.26-1.55), 1.44(1.26-1.66), 1.48(1.33-1.66), 1.34(1.17-1.53) respectively (all P value< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPolymorphisms of rs2237897, rs2237892 and rs2237895 in the KCNQ1 gene were associated with occurrence of type 2 diabetes among Jiangsu province population.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; KCNQ1 Potassium Channel ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide