T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is one of the most common types of leukemia in children. With over 50 ％ of activating Notch1mutations in T-ALL,identification of activating Notch1mutations has brought interest toward targeting the Notch signaling pathway in this disease.Small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) can block a critical proteolytic step required for Notch1activation,but the clinical application of GSI has been hindered. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies aim to design of effective antiNotch1therapies in T-ALL are needed, including combination therapies with molecularly targeted drugs and glucocorticoids. This review put emphasis on the molecular basis of Notch1, the mechanisms of action of oncogenic Notch1and clinical significance of Notch 1mutations in T-ALL.

Objective:Research on the feasibility and the availability of problem-based learning(PBL) for electrocardiogram(ECG).Method:The experiment group received PBL while the control group took completely traditional teaching method.The evaluation approaches included examination,questionnaire.Results:It is significant difference in the theoretical record and case analysis(t=2.76,P

[Summary] Colorectal cancer is the one of the most common malignancies in the world .Currently, surgery is the main treatment for colorectal cancer .Although laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer has been widely accepted , laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer is still in clinical trials .At present, several trails have shown that the short-and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic rectal cancer resection are similar with open surgery , but others have shown that pathological outcomes and total resection rates of laparoscopic surgery are unsatisfactory .Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery needs more grade Ⅰ evidences .Nowadays , researchers are exploring new ways to treat rectal cancer .

The fetal period is the critical time in the development of various organs.The changes in the intrauterine growth environment can cause fetal and neonatal multiple organ system underdevelopment and damage,which is also closely related to the adult diseases,including nervous system damage (such as brain development disorders,functional abnormalities and cerebral palsy,etc.),cardiovascular system damage(such as coronary heart disease,high blood pressure,etc.),growth disorders and metabolic disorders(such as insulin resistance,type Ⅱ diabetes,obesity,growth and development disorders),urinary system damage (such as interstitial renal disease,renal hypertension,etc.),respiratory system damage(such as respiratory distress syndrome,bronchial dysplasia,etc.),etc.In this paper,we introduced this to help clinicians to understand and strengthen the intervention measures to improve the quality of life.

Objectives To understand the demand,payment capability and influencing factors of sanitary latrine construction in schistosomiasis epidemic areas in China. Methods In Hu’nan,Hubei,Anhui,Jiangxi,Yunnan,Sichuan and Jiangsu,2 counties in each province were selected and 3 villages with schistosomiasis prevalence in each county were randomly sampled. Thirty households were randomly sampled from each village for questionnaire survey. Results The major reasons for constructing sanitary latrine were cleanliness,sanitation and convenience in the rural areas;more than 98% of the households were willing to pay part of the construction,among them,the majority of the families hoped the payment kept within 100-500 yuan (RMB);the problem for the non-sanitary latrine users to construct sanitary ones by themselves was lack of money,technique and skilled labors etc;the residents with the knowledge of rural water supply and latrine improvement,eliminating,keeping livestock enclosure were willing to pay for the construction of sanitary latrine. Conclusion The families using non-sanitary latrine have strong will for constructing the sanitary ones,and they also have payment will and capability to some extents. Most families can afford to the latrine construction within 500 yuan (RMB);to strengthen health education and communication can promote the demand and payment will for construction of sanitary latrine among the people using non-sanitary latrine in schistosomiasis epidemic areas.

Objective To explore the relationship between the protein expression of PCNA and biological behavior science in benignant pituita ry adenoma.Methods The protein expression of PCNA in 58 patien ts with pituitary adenoma were determined by ABC immunohistochemical method.Results The PCNA index was significantly higher in the patients with recurrent pituitary adenomas than in nonrecurrent ones(P<0.05).There was no significantly difference between bleeding and unbleeding group,cystic and noncystic group,large type and unlarge type group(P>0.05 respectively) .Conclusion The protein expressions of PCNA reflected the proli ferative activties of pituitary adenomas, and could be taken as one of the indic ators to evaluate recurrence and prognosis of the tumor.

Objective To assess the construction quality of sanitary latrines in schistosomiasis endemic areas of China. Methods Two counties per province were sampled randomly from total 7 provinces with schistosomiasis endemic including Hunan, Hu-bei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan, then 2 villages with schistosomiasis endemic were selected from each target county as research sites, and 30 households per village were randomly selected as respondents. Results Among the sanitary latrines being constructed and on-going used in schistosomiasis endemic areas, 64.8% of them were built indoor or inside of yards, and 52.6% of the above household latrines were constructed keeping away from water sources beyond 10 meters. In addition, the latrines with curb height of feces outlet over 100 mm accounted for 75.0% , and 96.1% of the total sanitary latrines were equipped with urinals made of pottery, plastic and cement. There were 98.2% of the latrines with an area more than 1.2 m~2, and 95.8% with structure of the whole room. Among those sanitary latrines with three-case-cesspools, merely 23.1% reached or closed to the design and implementation requirements of Technical criterion of sanitary construction in schistosomiasis endemic areas (protocol) on the part of underground. Conclusions The sanitary latrine with three-case-cesspools and three-unit methane pool is the main type of the household latrine recommended in countryside in schistosomiasis endemic areas. The construction of sanitary latrines meet the requirements of relevant standards in general, however, the design and implementation of underground parts of the latrines with three-case-cesspools need to be improved.

The success of organ transplantation depends on the prevetion of acute rejection. T and B lymphocytes, the major components of the cellular and humoral immunization mediating the rejection response, respectively, have been extensively studied. The importance of matural killer(NK) cells in transplantation has become an increasing area of interest as reagents for their study have become available. Basing on this on the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor in the acute rejection response with kidney transplantation.

Stem cells offer considerable promise in the repair or replacement of damaged tissue in the body.Mature and functional endothelial cells play a pivotal role in neovascularization and maintenance of blood vessel integrity.Although being the best choice for transplantation endothelial,cells isolated from autologous vessels have been heavily obstacled in medical application due to poor resources and limitted proliferation potential in culture.Thus,stem cells have been the focus of the studies soareh for suitable cell sources.Several types of stem cells have been reported to possess endothelial cell differentiation potential.This article summarized the recent study on the sources,distribution,features-differentiation,animal experiments and clinical use of stem cells.Advantages and disadvantages are compared to provide a reference for the choice of evdothelial celia source.

A visualized reformation was carried out in the multimedia coursewares through collecting and adding the related pictures and professional video information.Through the teach-ing practice in the last three years,we have got the opinion from the students that by overcom-ing the stiffness and dullness of the old"General",the reformed"General"obviously has sur-passed the old"General"in teaching quality.