T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is one of the most common types of leukemia in children. With over 50 ％ of activating Notch1mutations in T-ALL,identification of activating Notch1mutations has brought interest toward targeting the Notch signaling pathway in this disease.Small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) can block a critical proteolytic step required for Notch1activation,but the clinical application of GSI has been hindered. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies aim to design of effective antiNotch1therapies in T-ALL are needed, including combination therapies with molecularly targeted drugs and glucocorticoids. This review put emphasis on the molecular basis of Notch1, the mechanisms of action of oncogenic Notch1and clinical significance of Notch 1mutations in T-ALL.

Objective:Research on the feasibility and the availability of problem-based learning(PBL) for electrocardiogram(ECG).Method:The experiment group received PBL while the control group took completely traditional teaching method.The evaluation approaches included examination,questionnaire.Results:It is significant difference in the theoretical record and case analysis(t=2.76,P

Objective To compare the effect of atropine sulphate and cyclopentolate hydrochloride in the treatment of youth hyperopia cycloplegic refraction,and provide the basis for a reasonable choice of the youth cycloplegic refraction drugs.Methods Ninety hyperopia children met inclusion criteria with refractive errors (180 eyes) were subjected to cycloplegic refratometry by 1％ cyclopentolate hydrochloride followed with 1％ atropine sulphate eye used gel.The refractive results,pupil size,residual adjustment amount and systemic side reactions were measured and compared by TOPCON.Results The coincidence rate of spherical lens degrees,cylinder lens degrees and axis of astigmatism degrees respectively was 84.44％ (152/180),92.78％ (167/180) and 92.78％ (167/180) between atropine sulphate and cyclopentolate hydrochloride.The spherical lens degrees of cyclopentolate hydrochloride was lower than atropine sulphate,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.01),the cylinder lens degrees and axis of astigmatism degrees had no significant difference between two drugs (P＞ 0.05).The pupil size and residual adjustment amount of cyclopentolate hydrochloride had no significant difference with atropine sulphate (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of cyclopentolate hydrochloride was 3.33％ (3/90),atropine sulphate was 13.33％ (12/90),the cyclopentolate hydrochloride was significantly lower than atropine sulphate (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The cyclopentolate hydrochloride has powerful,fast and secure feature in the treatment of youth hyperopia cycloplegic refraction,has good ciliary muscle paralysis effect,has longer paralysis time,as effective as the atropine sulphate,and has a shorter recovery time and better security,is ideal cycloplegic drugs for youth hyperopia cycloplegic refraction.

Objective To provide a theoretical reference for building a discharge planning program suitable for China's national conditions based on a comprehensive content analysis of international discharge planning guidelines.Methods Discharge planning guidelines from 1995 to 2012 which were retrieved from PubMed,NGS (National Guideline Clearinghouse),google were analyzed by 5W1H method.Results A total of 11 discharge planning guidelines were collected from 21 through the full text screening.Conclusions This study shows that discharge planning should focus on patients with their needs as orientation,to provide continuous care through interdisciplinary and interagency coordination and cooperation,and an effective planning should be implemented standardized management and carried out early on admission.

[Summary] Colorectal cancer is the one of the most common malignancies in the world .Currently, surgery is the main treatment for colorectal cancer .Although laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer has been widely accepted , laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer is still in clinical trials .At present, several trails have shown that the short-and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic rectal cancer resection are similar with open surgery , but others have shown that pathological outcomes and total resection rates of laparoscopic surgery are unsatisfactory .Laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery needs more grade Ⅰ evidences .Nowadays , researchers are exploring new ways to treat rectal cancer .

Objective To explore and summarize the experience of professor Wei Kemin treatment of aplastic anemia. [Method]Discuss professor Wei Kemin's clinical experience in the treatment of aplastic anemia from the edology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, medication features, etc. [Result]The basic pathogenesis of aplastic anemia is deficiency of the kidney, treatment principle is promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and tonifying kidney to hematogenesis and tonifying spleen to tonify qi and nourishing yin to generate body fluid. Professor Wei Kemin is dialectical y adding and subtracting from Chinese traditional medicine decoction San huang Sanxian decoction,then develops by combining extract from silkworm sand in the development of the Shengxuening, Sodium Copper Chlorophyl in in the treatment of aplastic anemia, gets significant curative effect. [Conclusion]Professor Wei Kemin is good at using Chinese medicine, combined Chinese and western medicine treatment of aplastic anemia, lymphoma, leukemia and other diseases.The characteristics of using drug are tonifying qi to nourish yin and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. Curative effect is distinct and it is worth promoting.

Objective To provide basis for rational drug use of clinical practice by analysis of antidepressants application in Wuhan. Methods Antidepressants were classified according to the structure and mechanism. By using the analytical method of the defined daily dose (DDD) recommended by WHO,authors statistically analyzed the relative data of antidepressants used in 34 hospitals of Wuhan from 2011 to 2013. Results The consumption of the antidepressants had been increased year by year,selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) and serotonin noradrenergic reuptake inhibitors (SNaRIs) were widely used and presented higher proportion than others in the consumption of antidepressants,the average amount of the sales was 50.49% and 21.81%,respectively.The application of tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) decreased in Wuhan,the amount of sales for 3 years accounted for 0.56%,0.37% and 0.15%. Conclusion SSRIs and SNaRIs have already become the first-choice drugs in clinic practice because of good efficacy and high safety,other new types of antidepressants have a great potential for development,TCAs are fewly used now.

Objective To assess the construction quality of sanitary latrines in schistosomiasis endemic areas of China. Methods Two counties per province were sampled randomly from total 7 provinces with schistosomiasis endemic including Hunan, Hu-bei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan, then 2 villages with schistosomiasis endemic were selected from each target county as research sites, and 30 households per village were randomly selected as respondents. Results Among the sanitary latrines being constructed and on-going used in schistosomiasis endemic areas, 64.8% of them were built indoor or inside of yards, and 52.6% of the above household latrines were constructed keeping away from water sources beyond 10 meters. In addition, the latrines with curb height of feces outlet over 100 mm accounted for 75.0% , and 96.1% of the total sanitary latrines were equipped with urinals made of pottery, plastic and cement. There were 98.2% of the latrines with an area more than 1.2 m~2, and 95.8% with structure of the whole room. Among those sanitary latrines with three-case-cesspools, merely 23.1% reached or closed to the design and implementation requirements of Technical criterion of sanitary construction in schistosomiasis endemic areas (protocol) on the part of underground. Conclusions The sanitary latrine with three-case-cesspools and three-unit methane pool is the main type of the household latrine recommended in countryside in schistosomiasis endemic areas. The construction of sanitary latrines meet the requirements of relevant standards in general, however, the design and implementation of underground parts of the latrines with three-case-cesspools need to be improved.

Objectives To understand the demand,payment capability and influencing factors of sanitary latrine construction in schistosomiasis epidemic areas in China. Methods In Hu’nan,Hubei,Anhui,Jiangxi,Yunnan,Sichuan and Jiangsu,2 counties in each province were selected and 3 villages with schistosomiasis prevalence in each county were randomly sampled. Thirty households were randomly sampled from each village for questionnaire survey. Results The major reasons for constructing sanitary latrine were cleanliness,sanitation and convenience in the rural areas;more than 98% of the households were willing to pay part of the construction,among them,the majority of the families hoped the payment kept within 100-500 yuan (RMB);the problem for the non-sanitary latrine users to construct sanitary ones by themselves was lack of money,technique and skilled labors etc;the residents with the knowledge of rural water supply and latrine improvement,eliminating,keeping livestock enclosure were willing to pay for the construction of sanitary latrine. Conclusion The families using non-sanitary latrine have strong will for constructing the sanitary ones,and they also have payment will and capability to some extents. Most families can afford to the latrine construction within 500 yuan (RMB);to strengthen health education and communication can promote the demand and payment will for construction of sanitary latrine among the people using non-sanitary latrine in schistosomiasis epidemic areas.

The fetal period is the critical time in the development of various organs.The changes in the intrauterine growth environment can cause fetal and neonatal multiple organ system underdevelopment and damage,which is also closely related to the adult diseases,including nervous system damage (such as brain development disorders,functional abnormalities and cerebral palsy,etc.),cardiovascular system damage(such as coronary heart disease,high blood pressure,etc.),growth disorders and metabolic disorders(such as insulin resistance,type Ⅱ diabetes,obesity,growth and development disorders),urinary system damage (such as interstitial renal disease,renal hypertension,etc.),respiratory system damage(such as respiratory distress syndrome,bronchial dysplasia,etc.),etc.In this paper,we introduced this to help clinicians to understand and strengthen the intervention measures to improve the quality of life.