AlM:To investigate the myopia risk factors of different nationalities students in primary and secondary schools in Karamay City.
METHODS:This survey was a cross-sectional design, the sample was selected in the first, third and sixth grade primary school and middle school students by stratified random cluster method. The survey team comprised of ophthalmologists, technicians, optometrists and administrative staff. The staff was trained about the design, method and quality control, etc. According to the research needs, questionnaires were designed. ln person interview, pilot study, questionnaire, intraocular pressure, corneal curvature, refraction, axial length, corneal thickness, slit lamp microscopy and fundus examination were performed. A database was established using the Epi-data software by double entry method. All statistical analysis was completed by SPSS 17. 0 software.
RESULTS:The survey covers 1 922 students in total, which account for 91. 4% students of the whole four grades. The total prevalence of myopia was 39. 2%. Multivariate analyses revealed that ethnic origin, age, gender, parents of short-sightedness, daily after-school reading and writing time and bad reading and writing habits were closely related to myopia ( OR=0. 149, 95%CI:0. 103-0. 216, P=0. 000; OR=1. 372, 95%CI: 1. 296-1. 453, P=0. 000; OR=1. 517, 95%CI: 1. 200-1. 918, P=0. 000;OR=0. 695, 95%CI: 0. 602-0. 804, P=0. 000; OR=1. 310, 95%CI:1. 086-1. 581, P=0. 005;OR=0. 655, 95%CI:0. 486-0. 882, P=0. 005).
CONCLUSlON: Ethnic origin, age, gender, parents of short - sightedness, daily after - school reading and writing time and reading and writing habits were independent risk factors for myopia.

The paper is to report the study of pharmacokinetics of transdermal administered nicotine in the brain of freely moving rat by using microdialysis with stable labeled isotope as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic behavior of nicotine in Sprague Dawley rat brain was investigated after intranasal administration (3.75 mg). Brain fluid samples were collected by intracerebral microdialysis with DL-nicotine as internal standard. Concentrations of nicotine and DL-nicotine in the sample were measured by HPLC-MS/MS. Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed by Das 2.0 pharmacokinetic software. The recovery of nicotine and the delivery of DL-nicotine were the same. The fate of absorption and distribution was two compartment model and the values of t1/2alpha was 170.31 min, t1/2beta was 263.30 min and the AUC(0-infinity) was 2.75 x 10(5) microg x L(-1) min separately. DL-nicotine can be used to calibrate the recovery of nicotine, and the new method of stable isotope microdialysis can be used to study the pharmacokinetics of freely moving rat. It will make sense for the treatment of addiction of tobacco and provide a new thought for the research of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic combination.

Objective To study the short-term clinical efficacy of treating patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer with lentinan injection and javanica oil emulsion injection.Methods Clinical information of 42 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer were retrospectively collected.The 42 patients were divided into two groups according to treatments,with 21 case in the control group who were treated with javanica oil emulsion injection,as well as 21 case in the treatment group treated with lentinan injection and javanica oil emulsion injection.The efficacy,quality of life (QOL) and adverse effects were observed after treatment for 3 weeks.Results 81.0％ (17/21)of patients in the treatment group improved in QOL,which was much higher than that in the control group 47.6％ ( 10/21 ) ( x2 =5.081,P =0.024 ).The objective remission rate was 19.0％ (4/21)and 14.3％ (3/21)in the treatment group and the control group respectively,with no significant differece bwtween the two groups( x2 =0.171,P =0.679 ).the disease control rate was 85.7％ (18/21)in the treatment group,which was significantly higher than that of 61.9％ (12/21)in the control group( x2 =4.200,P =0.040 ).The incidence of adverse effect related to hematological toxicity,liver and kidney function,the digestive tract and itching of skin were similar between the two groups (Ps ＞ 0.05 ).Phlebitis in the treatment group was not as frequent as that in the control group(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Treating patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer with lentinan injection and javanica oil emulsion injection had high efficacy than treating only with javanica oil emulsion injection,and it improved QOL signifiantly with safety.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of treating pains suffered from metastatic bone cancer with composite kushen injection and pamidronate disodium injection.Methods The clinical information of 60 cases of metastatic bone cancer patients suffered with pains was collected retrospectively.Thirty patients were assigned to the treatment group and 30 to the control group according to the treatment they underwent.The control group were treated with pamidronate disodium injection for 3 cycle,the treatment group were additionaly treated with composite kushen injection.The differences of two groups cases were compared in respect of the relief of pains and the changes of performance status (PS) and the incidence of adverse effects after treatment for 3 cycles.Results The objective remission rate of bone pain was 60.0％ (18/30) in the treatment group,which was significantly higher than that of 30.0％ (9/30) in the control group was higher( x2 =5.455,P=0.020 ).The incidence of adverse effect was 40.0％ (12/30) in the treatment group and 46.6％ (14/30) in the control group,with no significant difference between the two groups( x2 =0.271,P =0.602).In the treatment group the performance status of patients was( 2.30 ± 0.70 ) after treatment,which was better than that of( 1.80 ± 0.80 )before treatment(t =15.000,P =0.042),wheras there was no significant difference on performance status in the control group.Conclusion Kushen injection has synergistic effect with pamidronate disodium injection in treating pains with matstatic bone cancer.It could improve the short term efficacy,and significantly relief the pain and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate and compare the clinical feature and natural course of polycythemia vera(PV)between Uygur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods Clinical symptoms,signs,laboratory tests and prognosis of 37(20 Han,13 Uygur,4 other nationalities)patients with PV were analyzed.Results There were 22 males and 15 female.The mean age of all patients was 59.41±11.31(31-85)years old.The mean hemoglobulin level was(191.11±21.41)g/L.Erythremia combined with leukocytosis or thromboeytosis were observed in 23(62.2%)or 19(51.4%)patients respectively.Splenomegaly was found in 27(73.0%)patients and hepatomegaly in 9(24.3%).Serum LDH was elevated in 28(75.7%)patients.Twenty two patients(59.5%)had vascular thrombotic events.Two patients developed MF.N0 secondary neoplasm was identified.Two patients died of thrombosis.Over 60 years old,leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were the high risk factors associated with thrombosis.No significant differences of clinical manifestations and thrombotic events have been found between Uygur and Han patients in Xinjiang.Conclusion Over 60 years old,leukocytosis and thromboeytosis were probably the high risk factors of thrombosis in PV patients.There was no significant differenee in clinical feature and natural course of PV between Uygur and Han nationalities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Objective To explore the possibility of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)combined with striatal conditioned medium promoting the directional differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)into dopaminergie neurons.Methods 1.Separation and culture of BMMSCs:BMMSCs were harvested from healthy adult Wistar rats for serial subcultivation.2.Preparation of Striatal conditioned medium:newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours were selected,and their brain tissues were removed to prepare striatal conditioned medium.3.Induced differentiation of BMMSCs:the 5th passage BMMSCs were collected and pre-induced in low glucose-Dulbecco's modified eagle medium(L-DMEM)containing bFGF and EGF.Twenty-four hours later,pre-induction liquor was replaced with striatal conditioned medium for further induced differentiation.4.Result assessment:the morphological changes of stem cells were observed under inverted phase microscope.The expression of neuron specific enolage(NSE)and tyrosine hydmxylage(TH)were identified by immunocytochemical technique.Results The cell body of rat BMMSCs contracted into round and spindle shape after induction by bFGF and EGF combined with striatal conditioned medium.Partial neuron-like cells with prominence could be found.Immunocytochemieal detection showed that the percentages of NSE and TH positive cells were(72.70±14.81)% and(34.50±15.93)%,respectively.Conclusion BMMSCs can be induced directionally into dopaminergiC neurons by bFGF and EGF combined with striatal conditioned medium in vitro.

Liver fibrosis is a common pathological process for chronic liver injury caused by multiple etiological factors and an inevitable phase leading to liver cirrhosis. According to the previous studies, hesperidin (HDN) shows a very good protective effect on CCl4-induced chemical hepatic fibrosis in rats. In this experiment, based on the findings of the previous studies, a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced HSC-T6 model was established to observe the inhibitory effect of HDN on HSC-T6 proliferation. The ELISA method was adopted to detect the content of collagen I in HSC-T6 supernatant. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad7 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA expressions were measured by RT-PCR; TGF-beta1 and CT-GF protein expressions in HSC-T6 were determined by Western blot, in order to study HDN's effect on TGF-beta1 signaling pathway in HSC and its potential action mechanism. The results demonstrated that HDN could notably improve HSC-T6 proliferation, Collagen I growth and TGF-beta1, Smad2, Smad3 and CTGF mRNA.expressions. After being intervened with HDN, it could notably inhibit HSC-T6 proliferation and Collagen I growth, reduce TGF-beta1, Smad2, Smad3 and CTGF mRNA and TGF-beta1, CTGF protein expressions and increase Smad7 mRNA expression. HDN's antihepatic fibrosis effect may be related to the inhibition of HSC proliferation and activation by modulating TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; physiology ; Hesperidin ; pharmacology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Smad Proteins ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; physiology

Adenofibroma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Clear Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the effect on the reversal of left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) and on heart function of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy at different time of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 326 patients with primary anterior AMI-accompanied LVA diagnosed by left ventriculography (LVG) from January 2001 to July 2004 were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into 4 groups according to the time of accepting PCI:≤3 h group, 4-6 h group, 7-12 h group and one week group. At the baseline and 6 months after AMI, the parameters of left ventricular diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), left ventricular systolic volume index (LVESVI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular wall motion score (LVWMS) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured by LVG. The paradox volume index (PVI) was measured by equilibrium radionuclide at one week and 6 months after AMI.At 3 year following up to, the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were recorded. Results At 6 months after PCI, the LVESVI, LVEDVI, WMS and LVEDP were all decreased while LVEF was increased in the four groups as compared with pre-PCl (P<0.05, respectively). Those parameters changed most obviously in ≤3 h group. At the 6th month after PCI, the PVI was lower in ≤3 h group (12.1±2.1)% than in 4-6 h, 7-12 h and one week group [(15.4±2.4)%, (16.5±2.5)% and (20.4±3.7)%, all P<0.05]. Within the 3 years follow-up, the MACE was significantly lower in 3 h, 4-6 h and 7-12 h groups than in one week group, and the mortality was lower too [(2.8%, 3.0% and 3.1% vs. 17.9%, all P<0.05]. Conclusions The early, fully and permanent open of the infraction-related artery can effectively inhibit the left ventricular remodeling process, prevent LVA formation, improve LV function and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is universally used as an antineoplastic agent in gastrointestinal cancer, but the side effect of it confined further clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To determinate mice plasma concentration curves for 5-Fu and its chitosan (CS)-polyaspartic acid (Pasp) nanoparticles, and to investigate their primary pharrnacokinetics. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomization control animal trials were performed in the Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University between October 2006 and June 2007. MATERIALS: Totally 180 female Kunming mice were obtained from the Department of Laboratory Animal, Fudan University. 5-Fu (purity 99%) was purchased from Shanghai Xudong Haipu Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd (Shanghai, China). Two kinds of CS-Pasp-5-Fu particles were offered by Department of Macromolecular Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Educational Ministry, Fudan University (Shanghai, China). METHODS: Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups and each group was administrated with 5-Fu or either type of its CS-Pasp-5-Fu nanoparticlos. The plasma concentrations of 5-Fu were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography after 15 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours of the administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters were computed utilizing 3P97. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative recovery, absolute recovery and the stability of samples. RESULTS: The peak concentration of 5-Fu group occurred within 15 minutes and then decreased rapidly. The No.1 nanoparticles group's peak concentration occurred 6 hours after the administration and the effective concentration time lasted for about 14 hours. No.2 nanoparticles group's concentration curve was double-apex, the apexes occurred around the 2 hours and 16 hours, the concentration decreased at the 24 hours after the administration. Both of the two kinds of the nanoparticles groups' peak concentration of 5-Fu in plasma are lower than the 5-Fu group, The half-life times were prolonged and the areas under curve were higher. CONCLUSION: Compared to 5-Fu, the CS-Pasp-5-Fu nanoparticles are controlled released.