Candidiasis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Child ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal

Clinical Competence ; Clozapine ; poisoning ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; First Aid ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

China ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; ethics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Tissue Donors ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; ethics ; legislation & jurisprudence

China ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; mortality ; trends ; Survival Rate ; trends

Desmoid tumor also known as aggressive fibromatosis,are rare fibroblastic tumors which are derived from deep fascia planes or muscuofascia structures.Resectable extra-abdominal and abdominal desmoid tumor should always be treated with the aim of achieving a negative margin through wide radical resection with margins above 2 cm.Ifthis is not feasible,function-sparing surgical resection is suggested.Adjuvant radiation should be considered for patients with positive margins,recirrent tumors or unresectable diseases.Intra-abdominal desmoid tumor is common in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.It has a high recurring rate after surgical resection and therefore a high dosage of tamoxifen and sulindac are recommended as first-line treatment.Due to the variable nature of the outcome and vague reaction to drug therapy,individualized treatments,including the wait and see policy,has been widely investigated and thought to be a promising strategy for the future.

Blood-spleen barrier is an important part of the structure and function of spleen.In recent years,blood-spleen barrier gradually arouse people's attention and was often reported.This review focuses on the research progress of the structure and function of blood-spleen battier.

China ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; legislation & jurisprudence

Child ; China ; Emergency Medicine ; Humans ; Pediatrics

Objective To develop an in vitro culture system for Cryptosporidium parvum in Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK) cell and observe its life cycle(from desquamate to oocyst).Methods Oocysts of C.parvum were co-cultured with MDCK cells in vitro.Culture condition was optimized and the life cycle of C.parvum investigated.Results The optimal culture conditions for C.parvum in MDCK cells were 2.0?105 cells cultured for 12 h, and infected by 1.0?105 oocysts in the Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle Medium with 5% FBS.Following 72 h co-culture, desquamate, sporozoites, trophozoites, meronts, microgametocytes, macrogametocytes, zygote, thin-wall oocyst, and thick-wall oocyst appeared orderly.Between the 60th and 72th hour, many oocysts emerged.Inoculated by the C.parvum-infected cell culture supernatant at the 48th hour, the immunosuppressed mice became infected.Conclusion The culture system provides a model for propagation of the parasites and demonstrates a complete in vitro life cycle of C.parvum.

Mutated K-RAS is found in 15%～30% NSCLC patients, the mutations of K-RAS and EGFR are mutually exclusive,K-RAS mutations have poor sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. The response of C-225 is not restricted to mutated K-RAS, NSCLC patients with K-RAS mutations are associated with unfavorable prognosis. A number of different approaches such as Ftase inhibitors, RAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors aimed at abrogating K-RAS activity to improve clinical response have been explored in clinical trials.