Objective: Blood safety surveillance is a critical measure for the objective assessment of blood quality and enhancing transfusion safety. This study aims to comprehensively understand the current status of blood safety surveillance and management in blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province, systematically analyze existing problems and vulnerabilities, and provide a basis for optimizing management strategies and improving capabilities to ensure blood safety. Methods: The Blood Safety Surveillance questionnaire was designed, covering adverse donor reaction reporting, management of adverse events, and transfusion adverse reaction feedback. An online survey was conducted via Questionnaire Star platform among 21 blood collection and supply institutions in the province, gathering information on management systems, process implementation, and utilization of monitoring data. The collected data were organized and statistically analyzed using Excel. Results: The questionnaire response rate and validity rate were both 100%. Blood collection and supply institutions in Sichuan Province have generally established a blood safety surveillance system and achieved positive outcomes. Regarding adverse events in blood collection and supply, 95.24% (20 institutions) have established reporting procedures, and 66.67% (14) collect information through multiple channels such as internal reports, external reports, and statistical trend feedback. A total of 90.48% (19) institutions regularly summarize and analyze adverse event data, and 85.71% (18) produce reports with improvement recommendations based on this analysis.71.43% (15) institutions implement reward and penalty measures, and 71.43% (15) report underreporting or omission due to accountability or performance concerns. In terms of monitoring adverse blood donation reactions, all blood collection and supply institutions have established full-process management systems.76.19% (16) collect data through multiple approaches, including on-site donation records, voluntary donor reports, and donor follow-ups. Adverse reactions were followed up in 95.24% (20) of institutions with 65% (13) completing follow-ups within 24 hours.80.95% (17) have established investigation procedures, while 66.67% (14) believe underreporting or omission still occurs. All blood collection and supply institutions regularly compile statistics on adverse donation reactions. Of these, 85.71% (18) institutions providing feedback to management departments and 90.48% (19) analyzing the data and making recommendations.76.19% (16) institutions use monitoring data for return donor management and targeted care, and 71.43% (15 stations) incorporate it into management reviews. Regarding adverse transfusion reactions, 95.24% (20) institutions have established and implemented procedures for isolating, recalling, and tracing of problematic blood units. However, only 42.86% (9) have established feedback mechanisms of adverse transfusion reaction with hospitals, and only 19.05% (4) support direct reporting via information systems.47.62% (10) institutions regularly analyze adverse transfusion reaction data, and 19.05% (4) provide feedback and recommendations to relevant hospitals. All blood collection and supply institutions reported challenges in collecting hospital feedback, citing complexities in data collection and reporting processes. Conclusion: Blood safety surveillance systems have been preliminarily established in Sichuan Province. However, further strengthening is still required, including conducting in-depth data analysis and utilization, standardizing the configuration of emergency medications and equipment, and improving feedback mechanisms for adverse transfusion reactions. To improve the overall level of blood safety management, it is recommended to strengthen closed-loop data management, improve feedback mechanisms between blood collection and supply institutions and hospitals, foster a non-punitive reporting culture, and systematically advance the regionalization and standardization of the monitoring system. These efforts will contribute to sustainably improving the overall effectiveness and sustainability of blood safety management.

Retinoblastoma(RB)represents the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in infants and young children, posing a severe threat to the visual acuity and life of affected patients. Clinically, it is categorized into hereditary and non-hereditary subtypes. Mounting evidence indicates that RB cells most likely originate from cone photoreceptor precursor cells, and the tumorigenesis is closely associated with the inactivation of the RB1 gene. Beyond RB1, a growing list of genes including MYCN, TP53 and PRMT1 have been implicated in the initiation and progression of RB. Concurrently, the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways such as RB/E2F, WNT, and PI3K/AKT synergistically drives the survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of RB tumor cells. The therapeutic paradigm for RB has undergone a dramatic shift from the conventional enucleation-dominated approach to personalized multimodal therapies that prioritize globe salvage and visual preservation, encompassing local therapies, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Moreover, novel therapeutic modalities including targeted therapy, immunotherapy and gene therapy are currently under active preclinical and clinical investigation. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), as pivotal regulators of genetic expression, have attracted increasing attention for their critical roles in RB oncogenesis and progression. These molecules hold great promise to serve as novel diagnostic biomarkers and offer innovative insights and strategies for RB treatment. This review summarizes the latest research advances in the aforementioned aspects of retinoblastoma.

ObjectiveTo observe the mechanism of Guihuang formula in regulating the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome and inhibiting pyroptosis in the treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis. Methods（1） In an animal experiment， 50 Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， the type Ⅲ prostatitis rat model was prepared for the other four groups.After the modeling was successful， the blank group and the model group were given normal saline intragastrically， and the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula were given intragastrically with Guihuang formula （4.9， 9.8， 19.6 g·kg^-1）. After 30 days of intragastrical administration， samples were taken for detection. Inflammatory cell infiltration in prostate tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Serum malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） levels were determined by biochemistry. NLRP3 expression in prostate tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry， and the expression of NLRP3， cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1 （Caspase-1）， and gasdermin D （GSDMD） in prostate tissue was measured by Western blot. （2） In a cell experiment， human normal prostate epithelial cells （RWPE-1 cells） were divided into a blank group， a model group， a Guihuang formula group， and an NLRP3 inhibitor group （MCC950 group）. Except for the blank group， the other three groups were stimulated by 100 μg·L^-1 lipopolysaccharide （LPS） for 4 h and 5 mol·L^-1 adenosine triphosphate （ATP） for 30 min to prepare the pyroptosis model. After successful modeling， blank serum was given to the blank group and the model group. 6.25 μg·mL^-1 Guihuang formula drug-containing serum was added to the Guihuang formula group， and MCC950 was added to the MCC950 group on the basis of the model group. Propidium iodide （PI） uptake and Caspase-1 expression were detected by flow cytometry， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） level in the cell supernatant was measured by biochemistry. Interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 levels of the cell supernatant were determined by ELISA， and the expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD was detected in Western blot. Results（1） For the animal experiment， compared with the blank group， the model group showed significant infiltration of inflammatory cells in prostate tissue， while the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed reduced infiltration of acinar inflammatory cells， reduced degree of glandular epithelial degeneration and interstitial edema， and significantly reduced degree of damage. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significant decrease in serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the blank group， the serum MDA level in the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the MDA level in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the serum of the model group significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significantly increase in SOD （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula showed a significantly increase in GSH-Px （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had high expression of NLRP3 molecule in prostate tissue. The expression of NLRP3 in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula was significantly lower than that in the model group. Compared with those in the blank group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins in the prostate tissue of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Guihuang formula were significantly inhibited （P<0.01）. （2） For the cell experiment， compared with that in the blank group， the PI uptake rate of RWPE-1 cells in the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the PI uptake rate of the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the blank group， the expression of Caspase-1 in the model group was significantly higher （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the Caspase-1 in the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed an increase in LDH release （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group showed a significantly decrease in LDH release （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Guihuang formula group and the inhibitor group showed a significantly decrease in the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the blank group， the expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD proteins significantly increased in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and GSDMD were significantly reduced in the Guihuang formula group and inhibitor group （P<0.01）. ConclusionGuihuang formula can inhibit the activation of Caspase-1， prevent GSDMD cleavation and lysis， and inhibit cell pyrodeath in the treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of oral administration of modified Tuoli Xiaodusan on postoperative patients with perianal abscess， and its effects on related inflammatory factors and signal transducers and activators of transcription protein 3 （STAT3）/vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathways. MethodsFrom January 2023 to December 2023 in Inner Mongolia hospital of traditional Chinese medicine， 60 postoperative patients with perianal abscess who met the inclusion criteria were selected. They were divided into a treatment group and a control group using the random number table method， with 30 cases in each group. The control group received conventional treatment， while the treatment group received additional treatment with modified Tuoli Xiaodusan on the basis of the control group. The course of treatment in both groups was three weeks. On the day of operation and on the 7^th， 14^th and 21^st day after operation， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the expression levels of serum interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of pathological tissue. Western blot was used to measure the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） proteins， and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the expression level of VEGF mRNA. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared according to the wound pain， secretion volume score， and healing rate of patients on the 3^rd， 7^th， 14^th， and 21^st day after operation. ResultsThe total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）. For intra-group comparison， the pain score of the control group decreased at each time period （P<0.05）， and the healing rate increased （P<0.05）. The secretion volume score decreased on the 14^th and 21^st days after operation （P<0.05）. The pain score and secretion volume score of the treatment group decreased at each time period （P<0.05）， and the healing rate increased （P<0.05）. The levels of various inflammatory factors decreased in both groups （P<0.05）. Compared with those on the surgical day， the levels of p-STAT3 and VEGF proteins in the wound tissue of the two groups were different on the 7^th and 21^st days after operation （P<0.05）. There were significant differences in VEGF mRNA levels in wound tissue between the two groups at each time period （P<0.01）. For inter-group comparison， on the 7^th and 14^th days after operation， the pain score in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group. On the 7^th， 14^th and 21^st days after operation， the secretion volume scores and healing rate of the treatment group were better than those of the control group （P<0.05）. The levels of various inflammatory factors in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）， and the decline rate was faster （P<0.05）. On the 7^th day after operation， the levels of p-STAT3， VEGF protein， and VEGF mRNA in the wound tissue of the treatment group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. HE staining showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration in the treatment group decreased faster. The cell arrangement was more orderly， and new blood vessel lumens were visible. There were no abnormalities in the safety observation indexes of all patients during the study period. ConclusionModified Tuoli Xiaodusan can relieve wound pain after perianal abscess surgery， reduce secretions， and improve wound healing rate. The mechanism may be reducing the levels of serum IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α， reducing the inflammatory response of the wound， upregulating the expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF proteins， and stimulating the STAT3/VEGF signaling pathway， thereby accelerating angiogenesis and promoting wound healing.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) regimen in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor sintilimab as neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients and the feasibility of the following selective bladder sparing surgery. Materials and Methods: Patients with histopathologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma without distant metastases (T2-4a, N ≤ 1, M0, American Joint Committee of Cancer 8th) and with adequate organ function will be enrolled. The therapeutic regimen was sintilimab 200 mg once on day 8, gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 and cisplatin 35 mg/m2 once on days 1 and 8, every 21 days for four cycles. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, pT0N0) rate. The secondary end points were ypT < 2 rate, R0 resection rate, event-free survival, and safety. Results: From May 4, 2020, to May 20, 2023, 55 patients were enrolled. Forty-six patients were evaluated for efficacy. Among the 42 patients who underwent surgery, 16 patients (38.0%) achieved pCR. Thirty-three patients (78.6%) achieved pT < 2. With a median follow-up of 15.7 months, the 1-year event-free survival was 91.3%. Notwithstanding the poor pathological baseline characteristic of a high T3-T4a proportion (39.1%), a promising bladder preservation (including 22 patients transurethral resection of bladder tumor, 5 patients partial cystectomy, and 4 surveillances) rate was achieved (67.4%). The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events was neutropenia (n=15, 27.3%), which was related to chemotherapy. There were no grade 3 immune-related adverse events. Conclusion Neoadjuvant GP plus sintilimab is a promising regimen for MIBC patients, with relatively high pT < 2 rate and triggering the emerging roles for the multi-disciplinary team decision-making for bladder sparing surgery.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

ObjectiveTo quantitatively analyze and evaluate the content of China's assistive technology industry policies. MethodsBased on the three-dimensional framework of policy "objectives-instruments-intensity", this study examined 101 national-level assistive technology industry policies issued between 2011 and 2024. Policy text analysis was conducted to assess the matching and coordination among policy objectives, policy instruments and policy intensity. Furthermore, the policy modeling consistency (PMC) index model was applied to establish an evaluation system consisting of nine primary indicators and 35 secondary indicators, and six key policies were quantitatively evaluated. ResultsThe policy objectives mainly focused on optimizing the industrial development structure, also emphasized supportive environments for industrial development and the enhancement of innovation capacity. Policy instruments were dominated by supply-oriented and environment-oriented instruments, supplemented by demand-oriented instruments, aiming to strengthen technological foundations and competitiveness, promote standardized development, and facilitate industrial development and upgrading. Regarding the matching between policy objectives and instruments, multiple instruments were adopted to support different objectives, with different priorities. In terms of the matching between policy objectives and policy intensity, policies mainly emphasized improving the accessibility of assistive technology products and meeting the rehabilitation needs of different populations. Regarding the matching between policy instruments and policy intensity, supply-oriented instruments were more frequently adopted and showed higher policy intensity, indicating strong governmental efforts to optimize production factor allocation and enhance the capacity of market entities. The average PMC index score was 6.45, indicating relatively high policy quality, strong internal consistency, stable policy orientation, and clear objectives. The PMC scores for policy evaluation and policy instrument dimensions were relatively high, while some policies showed relatively narrow objectives. ConclusionChina's assistive technology industry policies demonstrate relatively high quality. Future policy development should further strengthen industrial innovation capacity, optimize the structure of policy instruments, and improve the alignment between policy objectives and instruments.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

To achieve rapid and visual detection of Plasmodium vivax,a detection method based on recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)technology and lateral flow dipstick(LFD)was established and evaluated.Targeting the conserved sequence of the P.vivax 18S rRNA gene(GenBank:DQ660817.1)as the target sequence,primers and probes were designed with Primer Premier 5,and the P.vivax recombinant plasmid(pUCPv)was constructed as the standard.A sensitive and specific RPA-LFD-based rapid visual detection method for P.vivax nucleic acids was established.The plasmid standard was serially diluted 10-fold to concentrations of 1×103,1×102,1×101,1×10?,and 1×10?1 copies/μL for sensitivity testing.To evaluate specificity,whole blood DNA samples from patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum,Plasmodium malariae,Plasmodium ovale,or Leishmania donovani,as well as healthy participants,were tested by RPA-LFD.Additionally,The assay′s accuracy was evaluated by testing whole blood DNA samples from 24 confirmed P.vivax-infected patients.This study successfully established a sensitive,specific,and rapid visual RPA-LFD method for detecting P.vivax nucleic acids.The assay can complete P.vivax detection within 20 minutes under isothermal conditions at 39 ℃,achieving a sensitivity of 1 copy/μL.There is no significant cross reaction with parasites such as other Plasmodium species and L.donovani,and the specificity is 100%.All 24 DNA samples from confirmed P.vivax patients were detected,showing a 100%detection rate.The developed RPA-LFD assay exhibits excellent sensitivity and specificity,requires only simple heating equipment,and is user-friendly.This rapid visual detection method is particularly suitable for P.vivax screening in low-resource settings.