Objective To establish a method for the determination of aristolochic acid A in Jiuwei-Qianghuo pill. Method The HPLC system consisted of the Phenomenex Luna C18(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm)column, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.05% H3PO4, gradient elution flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the column temperature was 35℃, the UV detector was set at 250 nm.Results The linear response range was 0.014-0.280μg/ml(r=0.999 9). The detection limit and quantitation limit of aristolochic acid A in Jiuwei-Qianghuo pill was 1.5 and 4.5 ng/ml. The average recovery of aristolochic acid A was 96.3%. Conclusions The method was high sensitivity, accurate, repeatable and high secificity. It can be used as an inspection method for safe use of Jiuwei-Qianghuo pill.

Nine healthy adult cats were used in the investigation.Lumbar incision wasmade in one side and the coeliac ganglion was exposed under Nembutal anesthesia.One or two mg of HRP(Sigma Type Ⅵ)dissolved in 7 to 18 microlitres of distilled water was slowly injected into the ganglion via two or three insertions.Theleft coeliac ganglion was injected in four cats,the right in the other four,and theganglia of both sides were injected in the rest one.After a postoperative survivalof 4～5 days,the animals were perfused through the heart with 2% paraformalde-hyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer(pH 7.4).Frozen serialsections(48 micra thick)of the postfixed spinal ganglia(C_3～L_7)were made andprocessed for the blue reaction using benzidine according to the Mesulam's eighthprocedure.The sections were counterstained with neutral red.HRP granules in the labelled cells in the spinal ganglia were discrete and easilyidentified under bright-field microscope,although the number of the granules variedfrom cell to cell.After the injection into the coeliac ganglia in ten sides,a totalnumber of 12,381 labelled cells were observed in the spinal ganglia.The greatermajority of them(more than 99%)were found ipsilateral to the side of injection.The labelled cells were found in the spinal ganglia from T_2 to L_2,but most of thesecells(78.1%)were distributed in the T_5 to T_9 segments.Furthermore,56.26% ofthe total number of them was situated at the level of T_(6～8),with the highest densityof the labelled cells in the seventh thoracic ganglion,constituting 22.19% of thetotal number.Although the number of labelled cells observed varied from case tocase,their percentage in the constitution of each ganglion in every case was similarto the general plan given above.There is no conspicuous difference between theleft and right sides in respect to the segmental distribution of labelled cells.Thelabelled cells were mainly of medium and small sizes.The larger cells,whichaccount for only 2.78% of all labelled cells,were very rare,and most of themwere found in the T_(5～9)spinal ganglia.The results of our investigation show that the visceral sensory fibers passingthrough the coeliac ganglion in one side come mostly from the ipsilateral spinalganglia T_5 to T_9.And about half of these fibers originate from T_6 to T_8 ganglia.Considering the fact that the greater majority of labelled cell bodies are of mediumor small size,it has been inferred that the fibers that arise from them are finemyelinated or unmyelinated and a part of them,at least,mediate the visceral pain.The labelled larger cells might be related to Pacinian corpuscles in the mesentery.It is difficult for the superior mesenteric ganglion to be separated from the coeliacganglion in cat;therefore,the labelled sensory neurons described above include,at least,a certain number of cell bodies of afferent fibers which traverse thesuperior mesenteric ganglion.

Twelve adult cats were used in our experiment.Under sodium pentobarbitalanesthesia one to two mg of HRP(Sigma Type Ⅵ),dissolved in 7 to 15 microlitresof distilled water,was slowly injected into the ganglion at two or three sites.Theleft coeliac ganglion was injected in seven cats,the right in other four and in oneboth sides were injected.After postoperative survival of 2～5 days,the animalswere perfused through the left ventricle with a mixture of 2% paraformaldehydeand 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer(pH 7.4).Serial frozen crosssections of the spinal cord were cut at 48 micra after postfixation and all sectionsof even numbers were selected and processed with the blue reaction according toMesulam's eighth procedure(1976)and counterstained with neutral red.The labelled cells were found in ipsilateral cord of the injected ganglion,andwere distributed in a transverse zone which may be divided into four nuclei:1.thenucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis(IL_p)2.the nucleus intermediolateralispars funicularis(IL_f)3.the nucleus intercalatus(IC)and 4.the nucleus interca-latus pars paraependymalis(IC_(pe)).The total number of the labelled cells in eachcase varies from 1,179 to 92.The segmental range of the labelled cells extendedfrom the T_1 to the L_1 segments in the longest and from the T_4 to the T_(10)or fromthe T_3 to T_9 segments in the shortest.The data were treated with the statisticalweighted method,and the result shows:about 69.93%?0.57 of the total labelledcells are located in the spinal segments from T_5 to T_8,and about 21.61%?0.52 inthe T_6 segment.The percentage of labelled cells in the four nuclei given above isas follows:IL_p:77%,IL_f:12%,IC:9% and IC_(pe):2%.Furthermore the majorityof labelled cells in IC and IC_(pe)were found in T_(5～8)segments,the greatest densityof them was in the T_6 segment of spinal cord.We found no obvious difference between the left and right in the pattern of thedistribution and the segmental arrangment of the labelled sympathetic preganglionicneurons.

Objective To analyze antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated Burkholderia cepacia (B.cepacia),and provide evidence for clinical rational antimicrobial use.Methods B.cepacia isolated from clinical specimens between January 2013 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,antimicrobial susceptibility results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 98 isolates of B.cepacia between January 2013 and December 2014 were isolated,the main specimen was sputum(n =86,87.76 ％),the main department distribution was intensive care unit(n =46,46.94％),resistance rate of B.cepacia to ticarcillin / clavulanic acid was highest(73.47％),resistance rates to piperacillin / tazobactam and cefoperazone / sulbactam were both 16.33％,resistance rate to minocycline was the lowest(5.10％).Conclusion Infection caused by B.cepacia is high,prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection should be strengthened,early etiological examination should be performed,antimicrobial treatment should be combined with antimicrobial susceptibility results.

Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the psychological stress status of Chinese college students ,and to provide evidence for mental health education in colleges and universities .Methods A random sampling method was conducted to perform the questionnaire (psychological stress scale for college students by Zhang Lin ,Che Wenbo ,etc .) on psychological stress a‐mong 205 college students .Results The main sources of psychological stress on college students were job‐seeking pressure ,school pressure ,academic pressure ,emotion pressure and interpersonal pressure .The scores on college environment and learning task stress of engineering and technology students were significantly higher than other divisions (P< 0 .05) .Male students showed markedly higher stress level than female students in love pressure ,inferiority pressure and academic pressure (P< 0 .05) .The scores on frustration pressure and family pressure of students with siblings were significantly higher than students from one‐child family (P<0 .05) .The scores on family pressure of rural students were significantly higher than those from towns and cities (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The psychological stress of college students in Hainan province are overall in good condition .There are some differences among different groups .We should pay more attention to college students′mental health problems ,and make separate counseling according to the profession and family background difference .

Objective To investigate the exposure level to vehicle exhaust pollution for population by different commuting modes in roadside environment in Wuhan. Methods Eight air monitoring sites were selected in the six main roads in urban area of Wuhan, Hubei province. The concentrations of NO2, CO, total hydro carbon (THC), PM10, benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) emitted from the vehicles were monitored and analyzed in winter and summer of 2007, respectively and combined with breathing rate and time spent of the population in traffic environments, exposure doses of different subpopulation were calculated as indicators in order to evaluate their exposure level to traffic exhaust. Results The PM10 was the primary pollutant on the roadside. Compared with the Ambient Air Quality Standard, the rate of exceeding standard limit for PM10 was 8% in summer and 100% in winter. As for on the roadside, the exposure level for adults was higher than that for the children (P

[Objective] To compare anatomical dynamic hip lock plate with Gamma nail internal fixation in terms of the early intermediate clinical effect of the unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures. [Methods]From January 2003 to August 2008, 69 patients with unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures were fixed with plate (n=34)and Gamma nail(n=35).They were randomized into two treatment groups.A retrospective comparison was made between the two differet fixation devices in terms of operation time,blood loss,intraoperative and postoperative complications,frequency of exposure to X-ray,healing time of fracture and functional recovery of hip-joint.[Results]Comparing with Gamma nail,cases with anatomical dynamic hip lock plate experienced fewer X-ray during operation and had fewer postoperative complications,and the differences had statistical significance(P

Intake fraction is a new concept applied in assessing human health effect of pollutants. In the present paper, the history and practical use of it were reviewed, and then the calculation of it was also analyzed. After illustrating and discussing previous approaches for estimating intake fraction, the calculation can be classified into two sorts: one is taking the spatial area as the object, and the other is taking the people as the object. The latter is more fitful to estimate the intake fraction of mobile emission, in which it is necessary to investigate the related population and then combine the time-activity patterns with the microenvironment concentrations, in addition, modeling microenvironmental concentrations is critical for the calculation of intake fraction.

Cadmium is one of the important heavy metal pollutants with strong toxicity and wide distribution. It poses a threat to human health and invertebrates,especially to insects. It has been demonstrated that cadmium can infiltrate into insects through respiration ,food intake and so on. It can affect their development,and even induce apoptosis via oxidative damage. Insects can gradually develop defense mechanisms against cadmium with the help of metallothionein,antioxidant enzymes, excretion and heat shock protein. Toxicity effect varies among different species. This paper reviewsed the effect of cadmium on development,cell apoptosis mechanism and defense mechanism in insects.