OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution and drug resistance characteristic of pathogens from(nosocomial) lower respiratory tract infection in wards of respiratory disease and direct clinical doctors to select(antibiotics) correctly.METHODS A total of 159 strains of pathogens from sputum samples of patients with(respiratory) tract infection in wards of respiratory disease in our hospital were identified and the drug resistance tests were performed.In addition,ESBLs-producing G~-bacilli were also detected.RESULTS Among 159 strains from respiratory tract infection,G~-bacilli rated the top one(69.8%),The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(14.5%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(13.8%),Acinetobacter baumannii(10.7%),(Staphylococcus) aureus(10.7%),and fungi(9.4%).10.8% G~-bacilli produced ESBLs.CONCLUSIONS G~-(bacilli) are the main infectious pathogens in respiratory infection and antibiotic resistance rates continue to(evolve).Therefore bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests are very important to select antibiotics(correctl)y for treatment of the infections in wards of respiratory disease.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for prevention and control of nosocomial infection based on the(investigation) of the distribution characteristics of nosocomial infection bacteria and analysis of their antibiotic-(resistance) in wards of gerontologic disease.METHODS The bacteria from specimens of Department of(Gerontology) were cultured and identified,and then antibiotic susceptibility tests were done.These nosocomial(infection) cases judged by the department of nosocomial infection control according to the diagnostic criterion of nosocomial(infection) were analyzed.RESULTS The incidences of nosocomial infection of Department of(Gerontology) were higher in respiratory system,urinary catheter and gastrointestinal tract.A total of 223 strains of pathogens were from(nosocomial) infection and the most commonly encountered pathogens of them were Candida albicans,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Escherichia coli.The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that pathogens from nosocomial infection in Department of Gerontology were sensitive to such antibiotics as imipenem,meropenem and polymyxin(98 %), their drug-resistance to the other common antibiotics was very severe.CONCLUSIONS(Possible) measures to reduce nosocomial infection are to strengthen hospital management,reinforce disinfection and sterilization,reasonably use antibiotics,cure the underlying diseases, and shorten(hospital) stay.

OBJECTIVE To develop the strategies for preventing nosocomial infection in the department of(laboratory).METHODS The current situation in nosocomial infection management in department of laboratory was analyzed.RESULTS There were some problems in training knowledge of nosocomial infection,preparing(equipment) and supplies for prevention,implementing prevention measures,and cultivating good work habit.(CONCLUSIONS) It is very important to strengthen nosocomial infection management for preventing efficiently(nosocomial) infection in the department of laboratory.

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogens from nosocomial infection cases to provide the gist for clinical therapy. METHODS Pathogens isolation, and identification and drug resistance tests were conducted for samples, which were gathered from inpatients in our hospital between Jan 2006 to Dec 2006. Then, MRSA tests were performed for Staphylococcus and ESBLs-producing G-bacilli were also detected. RESULTS Among 4 262 strains pathogens from 10 573 samples, 2 475 strains were G-bacilli (58.1%), 695 strains were G+ bacteria (16.3%) and 1 092 strains were fungi (25.6%).The most common species among 3 170 pathogen strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.3%), Acinetobacter baumannii (10.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.4%), Escherichia coli (8.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%).The clinical departments with higher infective rate were Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Respiratory Disease, ICU, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, and Department of Geriatrics in order. Drug resistance results showed that the resistance rates of S. aureus to clindamycin, quinolones, and tetracyclines were more than 50%, but no S. aureus was resistant to vancomycin and minocycline. The resistance rates of G-bacilli to imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam were lower, but with 30-60% of resistance rates to other commonly used antibiotic drug. CONCLUSIONS The pathogens in nosocomial infection are mainly the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and mostly G-bacilli. The infection due to fungi shows an increasing trend. It should pay attention to the pathogenic detection and rational use of antimicrobial agent.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the reasons of nosocomial infection in laboratory departments, and then advance corresponding measures to overcome them. METHODS The current situations in laboratory department between domestic large scale hospitals and overseas hospitals were compared, especially paying attentions to those parts involving in management system and precautionary measures. RESULTS There were a lot of shortcomings existed in the supervision of nosocomial infections in laboratory departments; many measures should be taken to increase the management level. CONCLUSIONS To reform and improve the system of nosocomial infection control and prevention, and establish an effective and systematic alerting and prevention system will benefit all kinds of the hospitals.

OBJECTIVETo observe the acupoint distribution and clinical efficacy of lumbar disc herniationi (LDH) with different sensitive types.

METHODSEighty patients with LDH were randomly divided into a heat-sensitive moxibustion group (group A), a heat-sensitive acupuncture group (group B), a force-sensitive acupuncture group (group C) and a force-sensitive moxibustion group (group D), 20 cases in each one. In the group A and the group B, moxibustion and acupuncture were applied at two or three heat-sensitive acupoints separately. In the group C and the group D,acupuncture and moxibustion were used at two or three force-sensitive acupoints respectively. The treatment was given once a day, totally 10 times. The distribution law of the heat-sensitive acupoints and the force-sensitive acupoints and the change of M-JOA before and after treatment were recorded in the four groups.

RESULTSThe frequent heat-sensitive acupoints areas of LDH were at Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Dachangshu (BL 25), Zhiyang(GV 9), Guanyuanshu(BL 26) and Weizhong(BL 40). The major force-sensitive acupoints areas were at Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Tianshu (ST 25), Guilai (ST 29) and Weizhong (BL 40). After treatment, the heat-sensitive acupoints in the group A and the group B were all reduced than those before treatment and the force-sensitive acupoints in the group C and the group D were declined as well (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The M-JOA scores were obviously lower than those before treatment in the four groups (all P < 0.01). The score in the group A was reduced more apparently than that in the group B (P < 0.05). The score in the group C was declined more markedly than that in the group D (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere are diverse acupoints for LDH patients due to different sensitive types. All forms of stimulation can change the functional state of acupoints. Moxibustion is more suitable for heat-sensitive acupoints and acupuncture is optimal for force-sensitive acupoints.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Bronchoplasty was extended to the segmental level and the effect of the multi-segmental surgery for the central non-small lung cancer was observed. The involved lobular bronchi and part of main bronchi were resected and single-layer continuous suture with 5-0 Prolene was used for suturing of the carina of the reconstructed segmental bronchi to form lobular bronchi. Then, single-layer continuous suture with 4-0 Prolene was employed to anastomose the "lobular bronchi" with main bronchi. Our results showed that the 15 bronchoplasties were successfully performed. The tumors were completely removed and postoperatively, the pulmonary functions of the patients were substantially improved. No broncho-pleural fistula and stomal stenosis took place in all the cases. The quality of life of the patients were obviously improved. It is concluded that multisegmental bronchoplasty can completely remove the tumor of central non-small-cell lung cancer and conserve more non-involved lung. The procedure is especially suitable for those patients with severely impaired lung functions and it expands the indications of surgical resection of lung cancer.
Anastomosis, Surgical ; Bronchi/*surgery ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*surgery ; Lung Neoplasms/*surgery ; Pneumonectomy/*methods ; Pulmonary Surgical Procedures/*methods ; Recovery of Function ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the effect of controlling cost by introducing hand hygiene products with lower price on promoting hand hygiene compliance.Methods The application status and cost of hand hygiene products in 2012 was as pre-intervention group,2013 was as post-intervention group.Effective and lower price hand hygiene products were introduced in 2013,consumption and cost of hand hygiene products before and after the intervention was compared.Results Consumption of hand hygiene products per patient-day before and after the intervention was significantly different ([10.56±16.46]mL vs [13.79 ± 16.93 ]mL,Z=4.14,P <0.01 );cost of hand hygiene products per patient-day before and after the intervention was not significantly different ([1 .23 ±2.07]yuan vs [0.92±0.59]yuan,P >0.05).Conclusion Introduction of hand hygiene products with lower price in this hospital can improve hand hygiene compliance to certain degree without increasing the cost of hand hygiene.

Homoacetogens are a group of microorganisms with application potential to produce chemicals and biofuels by the bioconversion of synthesis gas. In this study, we collected waste activated sludge samples to screen homoacetogens by Hungate anaerobic technique, and studied the effect of pH on acetate and alcohol production from H2/CO2 gas. The mixed culture contained Clostridium ljungdahlii, Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Bacillus cereus. Acetate concentration achieved 31.69 mmol/L when the initial pH was 7. The mixed culture containing homoacetogen could converting H2/CO2 to acetate, which provides an efficient microbial resource for the bioconversion of synthesis gas.
Acetates ; chemistry ; Bacteria ; classification ; Biofuels ; Carbon Dioxide ; Hydrogen ; Sewage ; microbiology

As the rapid development of economy necessitates a large number of oil, the contradiction between energy supply and demand is further exacerbated by the dwindling reserves of petroleum resource. Therefore, the research of the renewable cellulosic biomass resources is gaining unprecedented momentum. Because xylose is the second most abundant monosaccharide after glucose in lignocellulose hydrolyzes, high-efficiency bioconversion of xylose becomes one of the vital factors that affect the industrial prospects of lignocellulose application. According to the research progresses in recent years, this review summarized the advances in bioconversion of xylose, which included identification and redesign of the xylose metabolic pathway, engineering the xylose transport pathway and bio-based chemicals production. In order to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues, the development of advanced bio-fuel technology, especially engineering the microbe able to metabolize xylose and produce ethanol by synthetic biology, is environmentally benign and sustainable.
Bacteria ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Fungi ; genetics ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods ; Metabolic Engineering ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Xylose ; metabolism