The development of printing ink is a challenge for binder jetting 3D printed preparations, which directly determines the quality of the printed product. This study adopted a 2³ full-factor Design of Experiment (DoE) with three central points to optimize the printing ink composition of levetiracetam 3D printed dispersible tablet based on the concept of Quality by Design. Firstly, using polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, glycerin and polysorbate 20 as independent variables based on 40% (v/v) isopropanol aqueous solution, and weight variation, hardness, friability and dispersion uniformity of the printed tablets were used as dependent variables. Then obtained the design space of the printing ink prescription by DoE model analysis, and the response optimizer was used to obtain the optimal printing ink prescription: isopropanol aqueous solution containing 0.1% (w/w) polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and 4.0% (w/w) glycerin. The jetting mechanism and wettability of the printing ink were analyzed, and different strengths of personalized 3D printed tablets were prepared and characterized, which verified the rationality of the printing ink formulation. This study provided a reference for the development of printing ink for binder jetting 3D printed preparations.

ObjectiveIn order to investigate anti-ageing mechanisms of the notoginsenoside Rg1,we used Aβ_(1-42) and D-galactose to establish aging rat model. Methods Ninety rats were divided into three groups at random: sham group, model group, treatment group. Aging rat models were established by injecting peritoneally D-galactose (100 mg/kg) to the rats for 56 days and after 35 days aggregated Aβ_(1-42)(μg) was injected to the right lateral ventricle of rats. Meantime, rats were treated by intragastric administration the notoginsenoside Rg1. Then spatial memory of experimental rats was examined with the Morris water maze(MWM). The thiol antioxidants including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were examined by colorimetric method. The concentration of the pro-caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were examined by the immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method. Results In aging model rats escape latercies were significantly prolonged (P<0.05), while decreases were seen in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and pro-caspase-3 as compared with the sham group(P<0.05). After treatment of the notoginsenoside Rg1, the aging model rats exhibited significant increases in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and pro-caspase-3(P<0.05), while a decrease was observed in escape latercies as compared to control group(P<0.05). Moreover there was no significant difference in the expression of the Bcl-2(P>0.05). Conclusion The results from our study indicate that the notoginsenoside Rg1 could improve the oriented learning and memory capacity and prevent the neurodegeneration of central nervous systems in aging model rats by up-regulating the expression of the thiol antioxidants(including GR and GSH-Px) and resisting the cleavage of the pro-caspase-3.

OBJECTIVETo probe into a safe and effective method for treatment of functional ventricular premature, and develop a new preparation of Chinese herbs with high science and technique contents.

METHODSTwo hundred and thirty-eight cases were randomly divided into a slowly-releasing medication group (n = 118) and a western medicine group (n = 120). The slowly-control needle group were treated with intramuscular injection of slowly-releasing medication new type preparation made by proved recipe of Chinese herbs with replenishing and strengthening pectoral qi, and nourishing yin and tranquillization into Tanzhong (CV 17), Neiguan (PC 6), Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu (BL 20) and Feishu (BL 13) by a trocar to slowly release and control releasing of the medicine so as to maintain lasting stimulation; the western medicine group with oral administration of Rythmol, thrice daily, 150 mg each time.

RESULTSThe cured rate and the cured and markedly effective rate for the ventricular premature was 51.7% and 71.2% in the slowly-releasing medication group, which were significantly higher than 28.3% and 50.8% in the western medicine group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe slowly-releasing medication new type preparation has a better therapeutic effect on functional ventricular premature, with high safety.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Premature Complexes ; physiopathology ; therapy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Male ; Thymosin ; pharmacology ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the association of HbA1C with microvascular complications,and to evaluate the diagnostic value of HbA1C in diabetes mellitus in high-risk populations of Guangzhou.Methods HbA1C,blood glucose,fundus photography,and microalbuminuria were detected in 208 permanent residents with high-risk factors of diabetes.The receiver operating characteristiC(ROC)curves were used to estimate the area of HbA1C,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),postprandial 2 h plasma glucose(2hPG)under the curve for discriminating microvascular complications.Results There were 14.9% adults suffering from diabetic retinopathy and 12% microalbuminuria in high risk populations of diabetes.The optimal cutoff points of HbA1C,FPG,and 2hPG in detecting retinopathy were 5.8%,7.0 mmol/L,and 10.9 mmol/L respectively.The thresholds for increasing prevalence of microalbuminuria were5.8% for HbA1C,6.4 mmol/L for FPG,and 10.7 mmol/L for 2hPG.Conclusions The prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications increases dramatically at the concentration of HbA1C 5.8%.As a diagnostic value for microvascular complications,there is no significant difference between HbA1C and 2hPG.

Objective To summarize the experience of surgery for hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage with self-made neuroendoscope-assisted equipments. Methods Twenty-two patients with ventricular hemorrhage, admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to May 2009, were chosen; surgery with self-made neuroendoscope-assisted equipments was performed on them. Results CT 24 h after the surgery showed that the clearance rate of intraventrieular hematoma was higher than 90% (median 92.7%). No hydrocephalus, postoperative intracranial infection or secondary hemorrhage appeared in all the patients. All patients were followed up for 6 months. According to GOS, the result was excellent in 9 patients, good in 8, fare in 3, poor in 1 and dead in 1. Conclusion Endoscopic surgery for ventricular hemorrhage with self-made neuroendoscope-assisted equipments is minimally invasive and effective with direct-vision, low complication and effective hemorrhage evacuation;it also improves good neurological outcomes.

Objective To investigate the relationship of folates,vitamin B_(12) with tan phosphorylation and the possible mechanism in Alzhcimer's disease (AD).Method Tau protein phosphorylation was examined in hippocampns of rats of two months old and forty months old treated or untreated by folates and vitamin B_(12) using Western blot and immunohistochemistry with phosphorylation dependent and independent tau antibodies.Results We found that tau phosphorylation in aged rat brain showed a significant higher level than that in the two-month olds.Folates combined with vitamin.B_(12) could decrease tau phosphorylation by 27% at the site of Ser396/404 of hippoeampus in aged rats.Conclusion It suggests folates and vitamin B_(12) may play an important role in preventing the neurodegenerative change via effeeting tau phosphorylation in AD brain.

The efficient and safe delivery of drugs to the therapeutic site through the biofilm has traditionally been a difficult and hot topic in the field of drug delivery. In recent years, alkyl polyglycoside (APG) have become ideal penetration enhancers for drug delivery systems because of their high permeability, good safety and biodegradability, which has attracted wide attention of domestic and foreign researchers. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties, characteristics, action mechanism and application of APG in drug delivery system are reviewed, and its application prospect in drug delivery system is prospected.

Cadherins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Receptor, Notch1 ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the changes of plasma levels of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter aspartic acid (Asp), inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine (Gly) and asparagine (Asn) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

METHODSPlasma samples were collected from 15 MDD patients (9 males and 6 females, aged 32-64 y) and 14 healthy subjects (7 males and 7 females, aged 30-65 y); and also collected from 7 MDD patients (5 males and 2 females) 2 months after antidepressant treatment. The plasma levels of amino acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method.

RESULTSPlasma Asp and Gly levels were significantly lower in MDD patients than those in controls (P<0.04). There were positive correlations between plasma levels of Gly and Asp, and between Gly and Asn (P<0.005) in the control group; while in MDD patients, a significant positive correlation was found only between plasma levels of Gly and of Asp (P<0.001). MDD patients did not show significant changes in plasma Asp, Asn and Gly levels after antidepressant treatment compared to those before treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe reduced plasma Asp and Gly levels may serve as a clinical biomarker for MDD.

Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asparagine ; blood ; Aspartic Acid ; blood ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; blood ; drug therapy ; Female ; Glycine ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged