OBJECTIVE AND METHODSInsecticide use, grower preferences regarding genetically engineered (GE) corn resistant to corn rootworm (CRW), and the health effects of using various CRW insecticides (organophosphates, pyrethroids, fipronil and carbamates) are reviewed for current and future farm practices.

RESULTSPest damage to corn has been reduced only one-third by insecticide applications. Health costs from insecticide use appear significant, but costs attributable to CRW control are not quantifiable from available data. Methods reducing health-related costs of insecticide-based CRW control should be evaluated. As a first step, organophosphate insecticide use has been reduced as they have high acute toxicity and risk of long-term neurological consequences. A second step is to use agents which more specifically target the CRW.

CONCLUSIONWhereas current insecticides may be poisonous to many species of insects, birds, mammals and humans, a protein derived from Bacillus thurigiensis and produced in plants via genetic modification can target the specific insect of CRW (Coleoptra), sparing other insect and non-insect species from injury.

Animals ; Consumer Product Safety ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Insecta ; Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticides ; adverse effects ; Pest Control, Biological ; economics ; methods ; Plant Roots ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Zea mays ; genetics ; growth & development