OBJECTIVE: To analyze the 2022 multiple-country monkeypox outbreak and assess its importation risk into China. METHODS: Data was from United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We described the global epidemic and calculated concentration index to measure economic-related inequality. Importation risk into China was evaluated and ranked by using risk matrix method and Borda count method, respectively. RESULTS: As of July 29, 2022, of 79 countries or territories, 39 (49.37%, 39/79), 17 (21.52%, 17/79), 6 (7.59%, 6/79), 12 (15.19%, 12/79), and 5 (6.33%, 5/79) country or territories identified cases < 10, 10-, 51-, 101-, and > 1,000. There were economic-related health disparities exist in the distribution of cases (the concentration index = 0.42, P = 0.027), and the inequality disadvantageous to the rich (pro-poor). There were 12 (15.38%, 12/78), 15 (19.23%, 15/78), 6 (7.69%, 6/78), and 45 (57.69%, 45/78) countries or territories with extremely high, high, moderate, and low importation risk. United States and France ranked first with the highest Borda points of 156, and counts of zero. CONCLUSION Of 78 countries or territories, the key attention need be paid to the United States and France, relatively. As the epidemic progresses, preparing prevention and control measures to further reduce importation risk was crucial.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; France ; Monkeypox/prevention & control* ; Risk Assessment

The nationwide epidemiological study of mental disorders including suicide ideation and suicide attempts in Korea using DIS-III Korean Version was conducted in the Capital City of Korea(Seoul) and 20 rural areas and compared to the other 8 countries. The results were as follows : 1) The lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation were 18.51% in New zealand, 15.62% in Munich, Germany, 14.20% in France, 11.25% in Canada, 11.18% in the USA, 9.5% in Puerto Rico, 5.28% in Taiwan and 2.09% in Lebanon, respectively 2) The lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation was higher in female than male Divorced and separated persons were at the highest risk and next were never married. Married persons were at the lowest risk. 3) The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts were 5.93% in Puerto Rico, 4.95% in France, 4.43% in New Zealand, 3.82% in Canada, 3.44% in Munich Germany, 3.20% in Korea, 3.13% in the USA, 0.75% in Taiwan and 0.72% in Lebanon, respectively. 4) The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts were highest in female and divorced or separated. Next were never married and lowest were married.
Canada ; Divorce ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Female ; France ; Germany ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lebanon ; Male ; Mental Disorders* ; New Zealand ; Prevalence ; Puerto Rico ; Single Person ; Spouses ; Suicide* ; Taiwan

Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin(VRSA) have been reported from Japan, the United States and France Although the isolates are considered intermediately resistant according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS), they are already a cause of a serious concern in the ever worsening antibiotic crisis of today, because they are all methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA) and they are isolated after prolonged and unsuccessful vancomycin therapy. Furthermore, a study in Japan showed a high prevalence of "hetero-VRSA", MRSA strains that are susceptible to vancomycin according to NCCLS, but contain subpopulation of VRSA at the frequency of > or =10-6 and thus can be converted easily to full-blown VRSA upon exposure to the antibiotic. Recent reports from Seoul showed that hetero-VRSA is also prevalent in Korea. This review is to examine the epidemiology, clinical significance, mechanisms and laboratory detection of vancomycin resistance in clinical isolates of S. aureus; and to summerize infection control guidelines recommended by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and others for this newly emerging nosocomial pathogen.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Epidemiology ; France ; Infection Control ; Japan ; Korea ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; United States ; Vancomycin ; Vancomycin Resistance

The extent of unilateral chromosomal losses and the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) have been classified into high-risk (high- and baseline-level loss) and low-risk (low-level loss and MSI) stem-line genotypes in gastric carcinomas. A unilateral genome-dosage reduction might stimulate compensation mechanism, which maintains the genomic dosage via CpG hypomethylation. A total of 120 tumor sites from 40 gastric carcinomas were examined by chromosomal loss analysis using 40 microsatellite markers on 8 chromosomes and methylation analysis in the 13 CpG (island/non-island) regions near the 10 genes using the bisulfite-modified DNAs. The high-level-loss tumor (four or more losses) showed a tendency toward unmethylation in the Maspin, CAGE, MAGE-A2 and RABGEF1 genes, and the other microsatellite-genotype (three or fewer losses and MSI) toward methylation in the p16, hMLH1, RASSF1A, and Cyclin D2 genes (p<0.05). The non-island CpGs of the p16 and hMLH1 genes were hypomethylated in the high-level-loss and hypermethylated in the non-high-level-loss sites (p<0.05). Consequently, hypomethylation changes were related to a high-level loss, whereas the hypermethylation changes were accompanied by a baseline-level loss, a low-level loss, or a MSI. This indicates that hypomethylation compensates the chromosomal losses in the process of tumor progression.
Chromosome Aberrations/*statistics and numerical data ; Chromosome Mapping/*methods ; CpG Islands/*genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA Mutational Analysis/methods ; France/epidemiology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/epidemiology/genetics ; Genetic Screening/methods ; Genomic Instability/genetics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea/epidemiology ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Risk Assessment/*methods ; Risk Factors ; Statistics ; Stomach Neoplasms/*enzymology/*genetics