Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the biomechanical characteristics of Ni-Ti shape-memory alloy-enclosed interlocking intramedular nail Ni-Ti En for clinical application.

METHODSSix transverse fractures were induced in 6 fresh humeral shafts and fixed with Ni-Ti En, plate, interlocking intramedullary nail, and Ender nail, respectively. The specimens then underwent stress analysis for comparison of the bending strength, twisting force, and flexibility.

RESULTSThe bending strength of Ni-Ti En was not significantly different from that of the plate and better than ender's nail; the twisting force of the interlocking intramedullary nail was comparable with the plate, but better than Ender nail.

CONCLUSIONNi-Ti Enpossess good biomechanical property to meet the demand of osteosynthesis, and its less stress protection, freedom of distant nail locking, flexibility and stable fixation may accelerate fracture healing.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Nails ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Nickel ; Titanium

PURPOSETo describe our clinical experience with a system named SureShot? Distal Targeting (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, USA) based on magnetic field presence and discuss our suggestions on this technique.

METHODSWe analysed prospectively 47 patients affected by humeral, tibial or femoral fractures, treated in our institution during a 3-year period of time (August 2010 to September 2013). We considered the following parameters: the time to set up, the time to position a single screw, the effectiveness of the system (drilling ad screwing), the irradiation exposure time during distal locking procedure and surgical complications.

RESULTSA total number of 96 screws were inserted. The mean preparation time of the device was 5.1 min ± 2 min (range 3-10 min). The mean time for single screw targeting was 5.8 min ± 2.3 min (range 4-18 min). No major complications occurred. Only a few locking procedures were needed to be practiced in order to obtain the required expertise with this targeting device.

CONCLUSIONAccording to our results, this device is reliable and valid whenever the correct technique is followed. It is also user friendly, exposes to lower radiation and needs less surgical time compared to relative data from the literature. However, the surgeon should always be aware of how to use the free hand technique in case of malfunctioning of the system.

Bone Screws ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Magnetic Fields ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo compare the treating effects of different intramedullary nailing methods on tibial fractures in adults.

METHODSLiterature reports in both Chinese and English languages were retrieved (from the earliest available records to October 1, 2013) from the PubMed, FMJS, CNKI, Wanfang Data using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for treatment of tibial fractures. Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed, and relevant data were extracted. Statistical software Revman 5.0 was used for data-analysis.

RESULTSA total of 12 randomized controlled trials, comprising 985 patients (475 in the unreamed group and 510 in the reamed group), were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two methods in the reported outcomes of infection (RR=0.64; 95%CI, 0.39 to 1.07; P=0.09), compartment syndrome (RR=1.44; 95%CI, 0.8 to 2.41; P=0.16), thrombosis (RR=1.29; 95%CI, 0.43 to 3.87; P=0.64), time to union (WMD=5.01; 95%CI, -1.78 to 11.80; P=0.15), delayed union (nonunion) (RR=1.56; 95%CI, 0.97 to 2.49; P=0.06), malunion (RR=1.75; 95%CI, 1.00 to 3.08; P=0.05) and knee pain (RR=0.94; 95%CI, 0.73 to 1.22; P=0.66). But there was a significantly higher fixation failure rate in the unreamed group than in the reamed group (RR=4.29; 95%CI, 2.58 to 7.14; P<0.00001).

CONCLUSIONThere is no significant difference in the reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for the treatment of tibial fractures, but our result recommends reamed nails for the treatment of closed tibial fractures for their lower fixation failure rate.

Bone Nails ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Fracture of femoral shaft in adults is common and mostly managed with intramedullary interlocking nails. Complications during closed intramedullary femoral nailing are uncommon, and mostly of them are caused by technical reasons. We describe a case of closed nailing for a femoral shaft fracture in which a jammed intramedullary guide wire, due to an incarcerated bone fragment at the nail tip, was inadvertently advanced across the knee. Forceful attempt of nail insertion caused this complication, which was probably attributed to nail design.
Adult ; Bone Nails ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male

Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans

OBJECTIVEThe treatment of subtrochanteric fractures is challenging and treatment modalities and implants are constantly evolving. This study attempts to revisit and compare extramedullary vs. intramedullary devices in relatively young population.

METHODSThirty patients with subtrochanteric fractures were enrolled and treated with extramedullary or intramedullary devices and follow-up continued one year for clinico-radiological assessment.

RESULTSThe mean age of patients was 37.53 years. Most were males between 21-40 years. The dominant mode of injury was traffic accidents (66%). Fractures were classified according to Russell-Taylor classification. Forty percent were Russell-Taylor type IA, 37% type IB and 23% type IIA. Average time to surgery was 3.6 days from the time of admission to hospital. Mean duration of surgery was 45 minutes for intramedullary device (group A) and 105 minutes for extramedullary device (group B). Average blood loss was 100 ml in group A and 200 ml in group B. Mean duration of radiation exposure was 130 seconds and 140 seconds for groups A and B, while average duration of hospital stay was 12 days and 16 days respectively. Excellent results were seen in 47% of cases in group A and 33% of cases in group B.

CONCLUSIONIntramedullary device is a reliable implant for subtrochanteric fractures. It has high rates of union with minimal soft-tissue damage. Intramedullary fixation has biological and biomechanical advantages, but surgery is technically demanding. Gradual learning and patience is needed to make this method truly rewarding.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the fixation methods in treatment of tibial fracture in adolescents by comparing the results and complications of three fixation methods and to determine the factors related to those complications.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to January 2012, 83 diaphyseal tibial fractures in 79 adolescents were treated with elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation, plate fixation, or external fixation respectively. There were 55 males and 24 females with an average age of 13.9 years (ranging from 11 to 17.6 years). Outcomes were compared in terms of the hospital stay,time to union, complications, and reoperation rates.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 15.8 months in average. The time to union was significant associated with the pattern of fixation, energy of the injury, multiple and open fracture. The time of bone union of external fixation group was longer than that of elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation and plate fixation groups. But complication rates of external fixation group were higher than that of elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation and plate fixation groups. Four patients were treated with elastic nail fixation underwent a reoperation (loss of reduction in 2 cases, delayed union and nonunion in each 1 case). Six patients were treated with external fixation required a reoperation (loss of reduction in 3 cases, malunion in 2 cases, and replacement of a pin canal infection in 1 case). Two fractures were treated with plate fixation required refixation following nonunion and malunion. A multivariate analysis with adjustment for baseline differences showed external fixation to be associated with a 7.56 times (95% confidence interval=3.74 to 29.87) greater risk of loss of reduction and (or) malunion than elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation. At the final follow-up,there were agreeable results among three groups and no significant differences among them in final therapeutic effect (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONExternal fixation for treatment of tibial fracture in adolescents has the highest rate of complications than the other two fixation methods. Elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation can achieve the same effect of other fixed system and avoid most of the complications. Operation method choice depends on the experience of doctors and patients' basic situation and the fracture types.

Adolescent ; Bone Plates ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

BACKGROUND: In daily clinical practice, it is essential to properly evaluate the postoperative sliding distance of various femoral head fixation devices (HFD) for trochanteric fractures. Although it is necessary to develop an accurate and reproducible method that is unaffected by inconsistent postoperative limb position on radiography, few studies have examined which method is optimal. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prospectively compare the accuracy and reproducibility of our four original methods in the measurement of sliding distance of the HFD. METHODS: Radiographs of plastic simulated bone implanted with Japanese proximal femoral nail antirotation were taken in five limb postures: neutral, flexion, minute internal rotation, greater external rotation, and flexion with external rotation. Orthopedic surgeons performed five measurements of the sliding distance of the HFD in each of the flowing four methods: nail axis reference (NAR), modified NAR, inner edge reference, and nail tip reference. We also assessed two clinical cases by using these methods and evaluated the intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The measured values were consistent in the NAR method regardless of limb posture, with an even smaller error when using the modified NAR method. The standard deviation (SD) was high in the nail tip reference method and extremely low in the modified NAR method. In the two clinical cases, the SD was the lowest in the modified NAR method, similar to the results using plastic simulated bone. The intraclass correlation coefficients showed the highest value in the modified NAR method. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the modified NAR method should be the most recommended based on its accuracy, reproducibility, and usefulness.
*Bone Nails ; *Dimensional Measurement Accuracy ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/instrumentation/*methods ; Hip Fractures/*surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo explore optimal choice of surgical treatment for subtrochanteric fractures in older children.

METHODSA retrospective study of 36 older children with subtrochanteric fractures was performed between January 2010 and January 2012. Among them, 18 patients (11 males and 7 females) aged from 7 to 13 years old with an average of 9.4 were treated with titanic elastic nail (TEN) fixation, 4 cases were Type II A, 3 cases were II B, 2 cases were II C, 4 cases were III A, 3 cases were III B according to Seinsheimer classification. Eighteen patients (10 males and 8 females) aged was from 8 to 13 years with an average of 9.6 were treated with locking compression pine (LCP) fixation, and 3 cases were Type II A, 4 cases were II B, 3 cases were II C, 4 cases were IIIA, 2 cases were III B. Fracture healing time, postoperative complications (including wound infection, failure and breakage of internal fixtion, deformities of angular on the sagittal view, deformities of coxa vara) and recovery of hip joint function were observed and recorded.

RESULTSAll children were followed up from 15 to 36 months with an average of 21. Fracture were all healed, the time ranged from 7 to 16 weeks (mean 9.5). Three cases in TEN group occurred mild deformities of angular on the sagittal view, 3 cases occurred deformities of coxa vara and 2 cases occurred limb shortening; while 1 case occurred mild deformities of angular on the sagittal view, and no deformities of coxa vara and limb shortening occurred in LCP group. No early close of epiphyseal injury, avascular necrosis of femoral head occurred. Clinical efficacy were evaluated by Sanders standard, 14 cases got excellent results, 3 cases were moderate in LCP group, while 9 cases in excellent, 4 in moderate in TEN group. There were no significant differences between two group in recovery of hip joint function and complications.

CONCLUSIONFor the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures in older children,the efficacy of LCP fixation is better than that of TFN fixation, which has advantages of reliable fixation, and less complications.

Adolescent ; Bone Nails ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome