OBJECTIVETo develop a HPCE analysis method for fingerprints of Forsythia suspensa from Hebei province, get reference fingerprint and compare the fingerprints of F. suspensa collected from different producing areas and different parts of the plant.

METHODElectrophoresis was performed on a fused silica capillary column (75 microm x 60 cm, 30 cm). The running buffer was composed of 50 mmol x L(-1) borax (adjust to pH 9.90 with 0.1 mol x L(-1) NaOH). The applied voltage was 15 kV and the temperature was 20 degrees C. The detection wavelength was 214 nm. The semblances to the crude drugs of different producing areas were compared.

RESULTThe mutual mode of HPCE fingerprints was set up with 12 common peaks. The fingerprints of F. suspensa from Hebei province had high similarity, F. suspensa from Shanxi and Henan were also of good quality. The chemical composition in different parts of the herb had big differences.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, quick, accurate and can be used as a new means for the quality control of F. suspensa.

China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Forsythia ; chemistry

Phytochemical investigation on Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl afforded ten compounds, including five lignan glycosides and five phenylethanoid glycosides. The compounds were isolated by using HP-20 macroporous resin, silica gel, octadecyl silica gel (ODS), size exclusion chromatography resin HW-40 chromatography, and preparative HPLC. The structures were established through application of extensive spectroscopic methods, including ESI-MS, 1D-and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. They were identified as forsythialanside E (1), 8'-hydroxypinoresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (2), 8'-hydroxypinoresinol (3), lariciresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (4), lariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside (5), forsythoside H (6), forsythoside I (7), forsythoside F (8), plantainoside B (9), and plantainoside A (10). Compound 1 was a new lignan glycoside.
Forsythia ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo examine the in vitro dissolution of forsythin in Forsythia suspensa powder of different particle diameter, in order to give guidance to the grinding process.

METHODHPLC was used to determine the in vitro dissolution quantity and dissolution velocity of forsythin coarse powder, fine powder and ultramicroscopic powder.

RESULTThe dissolution curves of Forsythia suspensa coarse powder, fine powder and ultramicroscopic powder were basically inconformity to Weibull distribution. Specifically, T50 was 11.8, 10.5 and 6.8 min, respectively, and Q45 was 78.22%, 81.91% and 90.76%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe superfine milling process can significantly increase the dissolution quantity and dissolution velocity of forsythin.

Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; Furans ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Powders

OBJECTIVEDetermine the content of forsythoside A in fructus forsythiae by combining near-infrared spectroscopy with the chemometrics method.

METHODHPLC was used as a reference method to determine the content of forsythoside A in fructus forsythiae. Multivariate calibration model based on PLS algorithm was developed to correlate the spectra and the corresponding values determined by the reference method.

RESULTRMSECV (root-mean-square error of cross-validation) of the model for forsythoside A was 0.221 and the correlation coefficients of the calibration model was 0.969. External validation with external validation samples proved that the relative coefficient of the predicted value and the HPLC value was 0.961 and the RMSEP was 0.18.

CONCLUSIONNIRS can be used in the determination of forsythoside A, which sets up the foundation of product-line control of fructus forsythiae.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; methods

The analysis of Forsythia suspensa was performed on Waters Symmetry C₁₈ column( 4. 6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) and mobile phase was methanol( A)-0. 1% formic acid aqueous solution( B) with the elution gradient. Column temperature was maintained at 30℃,and the flow rate was 1. 0 m L·min^-1 with detection wavelength 265 nm. The HPLC-PDA fingerprint of F. suspensa was optimized.Chemical constituents in F. suspensa were analyzed by UFLC-Q-TOF-MS in positive and negative ion mode. The quality of 48 batches of F. suspensa from different habitats,processing methods and specifications was evaluated by similarity evaluation and cluster analysis.The 18 common peaks were confirmed. The similarity of F. suspensa from different habitats was more than 0. 98,and 56 chemical constituents were identified. Different processing methods had great influence on the quality of F. suspensa. Compared with boiled and direct drying,the quality of F. suspensa processed by sun-drying was obviously decreased. The similarity was about 0. 58. Different specifications of F. suspensa also had obvious distinction,and the similarity was about 0. 78. The effective components of grown F. suspensa,such as forsythoside A and phillyrin,were significantly reduced. The results of cluster analysis were basically consistent with the results of similarity evaluation. The establishment of fingerprint and the recognition of chemical pattern of F. suspensa can provide a more comprehensive reference for the quality control of herbs.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Forsythia/chemistry* ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the habitat processing method of Forsythiae Fructus based on the different indexes, and to choose the best habitat producing process.

METHODThe habitat producing process was researched by the L9(3(4)) orthogonal and the single factor test. The contents of phillyrin and forsythiaside A were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe contents of phillyrin and forsythiaside A from Forsythiae Fructus processed by evaporating were 1.33-3.05, and 9.71-44.82 mg x g(-1), respectively. The contents of phillyrin and forsythiaside A from Forsythiae Fructus processed by cooking were 4.63-5.46 mg x g(-1), and 40.20-64.84 mg x g(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONWith phillyrin and forsythiaside A as evaluation indexes, cooking method is superior to evaporate method while it is superior to dry method. It is conductive to the preservation and stability of phillyrin and forsythiaside A that add 4 times water of material volum and boil 10 min.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; analysis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop a quantitative determination of Forsythia suspensa and to provide scientific basis for its quality control.

METHODBy HPLC, the separation was performed on a Zorebax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) at 25 degrees C using a isocratic elution of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.4% glacial acetic acid, 15:85). The detection wavelength was 330 nm.

RESULTThe calibration curve showed a good linearity (r = 0.9998) within test range of 0.202-1.515 microg. And the average recovery was 98.54% with RSD 1.1%. The content range of forsythoside A in 11 batches of Forsythiae Fructus was 0.200%-1.681%.

CONCLUSIONThe developed method is simple, accurate, specific, and with good repeatability. It is suitable for quality evaluation of Forsythiae Fructus.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

Twenty-four compounds in the fruits of Forsythia suspensa were isolated and purified by column chromatography and preparative TLC. On the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods including IR, ESI-MS/MS, 1D and 2D NMR, these compounds were identified as ten ceremides (1-10), six triterpenes (11-16), one steroids (17), three flavonoids (18-20), two C6-C2 alcohols (21-22) and two lignans (23-24). Compounds 1-10 were reported from F. suspense for the first time, among which 1, 2, 4 and 5 were new ones.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the preparation of Shuanghuanglian taste-masking microspheres by spray-drying.

METHODTraced the compounds bitterness source, marked its curve and optimized the microspheres preparation by taking taste evaluation, microspheres yield and inclusion rate as the indexes.

RESULTThe bitter taste of compounds comes from Forsythia suspensa. The best taste-masking material is Eudragit E100. The optimal spray-drying parameters: solvent concentration 2.0%, inlet air temperature 75 degrees C, aspirator 35.0 m3 x h(-1), spray flow 0.35 m3 x h(-1), pump speed 8.0 mL x min(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe spray-drying as a method of masking the traditional Chinese medicine compound taste have advantages of simple process and efficient masking.

Acrylates ; chemistry ; Desiccation ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Oleaceae ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Taste ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of physical and chemical factors on callus growth and phillyrin contents of F. suspensa.

METHODThe cell growth index and phyllirin yield in different culture condition such as different plant hormones mixed, mediums, light and dark were compared. HPLC was used to examine phillyrin contents.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONGrowth cycle of cells is twenty-eight days. During the course of callus growth, the processes of phillyrin biosynthesis were parallel with the cell growth. The optimum medium is MS. The optimum hormones concentrations are 1 mg.L-1 2,4-D, 0.5 mg.L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg.L-1KT. The cell culture in light is more suitable than that in dark.

Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Forsythia ; chemistry ; cytology ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; biosynthesis ; Lighting ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; cytology ; metabolism