OBJECTIVE: To confirm whether formaldehyde disturb detecting carbon monoxide in blood. To give an evidence that can be used for detecting carboxyhemoglobin more accurately in carbon monoxide posioning appraises. METHODS: Blood samples came from carbon monoxide poisoning and the health were collected. Regular methods for detecting carboxyhemoglobin were used. Observing and comparing the detection results between which were spiked with methanal and no spiked one were performed. RESULTS: Methanal will affect the result of following experiments such as heating, adding NaOH, absorbed by PdCl2 and spectrophotometry. CONCLUSION The samples which contaminated by formaldehyde couldn't be used for detecting carboxyhemoglobin.
Carbon Monoxide/blood* ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/diagnosis* ; Carboxyhemoglobin/analysis* ; Forensic Medicine ; Formaldehyde/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry/methods* ; Temperature

The methanol poisoning by oral intake or skin contact occurs occasionally, which may have serious consequences including blindness and/or death. Methanol and its metabolites, formaldehyde and formic acid, are associated with metabolic acidosis, visual dysfunction and neurological symptoms. At present, the mechanism of methanol poisoning primarily focuses on the cell hypoxia, the alteration of structure and biological activity induced by free radical and lactic acid. Meanwhile, methanol poisoning causes changes in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity and in the proteases-protease inhibitors system, which lead to a series of disturbances.
Acidosis/chemically induced* ; Animals ; Formaldehyde/poisoning* ; Formates/poisoning* ; Free Radicals/metabolism* ; Humans ; Methanol/poisoning* ; Nervous System/pathology* ; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/metabolism* ; Proteins/metabolism* ; Vision Disorders/pathology*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the DNA and chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte of workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde (FA).

METHODSAll 151 workers occupationally exposed to FA from two plywood factories and 112 workers without occupational FA exposure working in a machine manufactory were recruited into this study. Comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique was used to evaluate the DNA and chromosomal damage of peripheral blood lymphocyte. The air FA samples were collected with SKC 224-PCXR8 air samplers. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the FA level. Personal information including occupational history, age, sex, smoking and drinking status was collected by the questionnaire.

RESULTSThe time weighted average concentration (TWA) of FA in the working environment of FA-exposed workers (range 0.10 - 7.88 mg/m(3)) was higher than those in controls (< 0.01 mg/m(3)). The olive tail moment (Olive TM) in low FA-exposed workers [3.03 (2.49 - 3.67)] was lower than that in high FA-exposed workers [3.95 (3.53 - 4.43)], but higher than that in controls [0.93 (0.78 - 1.10)], the differences were statistical significant (P < 0.05). Comet trail length in FA-exposed workers were significantly higher than that in controls [6.78 (6.05 - 7.60)], but no significant differences ware found between the high FA-exposed workers [12.59 (11.80 - 13.43)] and the low FA-exposed workers [11.25 (10.12 - 12.50)]. The frequency of micronuclei per 100 binucleated cells in low FA-exposed workers (0.41 +/- 0.25) was lower than that in high FA-exposed workers (0.65 +/- 0.36), but higher than that in controls (0.27 +/- 0.13), the differences were statistical significant (P < 0.05). The increased tendencies with the exposure levels were found in those three indices. In stratification analysis, the same results were found.

CONCLUSIONIn the current FA exposure levels, the DNA and chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocyte might be induced by FA exposure, and be increased with the levels of exposure.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; Formaldehyde ; analysis ; poisoning ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Micronucleus Tests ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Smoking ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stability of estazolam in biological samples preserved in formaldehyde solution. METHODS: The dog was given intragastric administration of estazolam with a dose of 37.6 mg/kg and killed 2 h later. Heart, liver, kidney and brain of the dog were cut up into 1 g and preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution respectively. The content of estazolam in biological samples and formaldehyde solution were analyzed by HPLC at different times. RESULTS: The content of estazolam in heart, liver, kidney and brain or in formaldehyde solution reduced gradually followed with the extention of preservation time. At the 63rd day, estazolam content in four tissues were 0.8%, 1.7%, 1.0% and 2.2% of the original content respectively. CONCLUSION Estazolam in tissues can diffuse into formaldehyde solution and decomposed quickly, so biological samples contained estazolam should not be preserved in formaldehyde solution.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dogs ; Drug Stability ; Estazolam/poisoning* ; Forensic Toxicology/methods* ; Formaldehyde ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/poisoning* ; Kidney/chemistry* ; Liver/chemistry* ; Male ; Solutions ; Time Factors ; Tissue Preservation/methods*

The purpose of this study is to observe the optimium effects of cadmium chloride on the rat fetus. Cadmium chloride 5 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally once to the pregnant rats on GD10.5, and the rats were sacrificed on GD 17.5 followed by formalin fixation for bone-cartilage counterstaining, Bowin fixation for palate observation and fixation with 5% glutaraldehyde solution for SEM. The results were as follows; 1. In the cadmium chloride treated group, the survival rate of rat embryos was 65.7% and the average body weight was 589+/-77.5 mg. Both were significantly lower statistically than those of the control group. 2. In the cadmium chloride treated group, craniofacial anomalies such as hydrocephalus, hemorrhagic bullae and cleft palates, and anomalies of the limbs such as polydactyly and oligodactyly were observed. 3. In the cadmium chloride treated group, no primary ossification centers were found in all fetuses. In the vertebral column and the ribs, congenital anomalies such as fusion of vertebral laminae, short tail, fused ribs, division of ribs, accessary rib and loss of rib were observed. 4. In the cadmium chloride treated group, congenital anormalies of the ribs were predominently on the right side and that of the feet were predominently on the left side. 5. In the cadmium chloride treated group, a protein with molecular weight of 14.1 kDa was disappeared in the forelimbs and hindlimbs of GD12.5, and proteins with molecular weight of 14.1 kDa and 30.2 kDa were decreased in the forelimbs of GD13.5, and a protein with molecular weight of 14.1 kDa was disappeared in the hindlimbs of GD13.5, and a protein with molecular weight of 14.1 kDa was decreased in the hindlimbs of GD13.5. With the above results, it is considered that cadmium chloride causes death in utero due to direct acute poisoning of the rat fetuses, inhibits development of skeletal system, and induces various congenital anomalies. And the action mechanisms of cadmium chloride may be the cause of the destruction of capillaries in CNS as well as the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. But this is still not confirmed.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Cadmium Chloride* ; Cadmium* ; Capillaries ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; Cleft Palate ; Embryonic Structures ; Extremities ; Fetus ; Foot ; Forelimb ; Formaldehyde ; Glutaral ; Hindlimb ; Hydrocephalus ; Molecular Weight ; Palate ; Poisoning ; Polydactyly ; Rats ; Ribs ; Spine ; Survival Rate ; Tail