In clinical practice fractures of the forearm bones are encoutered as frequently as fractures of other bones. As has been pointed out in many articles, however, the surgical anatomy of the forearm evokes problems in dealing with the diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones not found in the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of other long bones, The authors have experienced 107 cases of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones during the fiveyear period from January, 1972 through December, 1976. A comparison has been made between the two groups one treated by conservative method and the other by open reduction and internal fixation. The results are as follows: 1. The time required for the healing of the fractures was shorter in the conservatively treated group. 2. Restoration of function was more satisfactory in the surgically treated group. 3. Rotational and angulatory deformities were less in the surgically treated group. 4. Forty-one fractures were internally fixed with compression plates, the union rate of which was 100%.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Forearm ; Methods

Phlebectasia of the venous system of the upper limb is very rare and it does not have a well-defined etiology. Phlebectasia means isolated fusiform or saccular dilatation of the venous system and isolated phlebectasia of the forearm may present as a painless cosmetic deformity or it may cause pain, decreased range of movement, compression on adjacent structures, bleeding, thrombosis and consumptive coagulopathy. We report here on a case of isolated phlebectasia of the forearm and we briefly review the relevant literature.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Cosmetics ; Dilatation ; Forearm ; Hemorrhage ; Thrombosis ; Upper Extremity ; Veins

Congenital radial dysplasia is a rare disease with the defect or hypoplasia of radial side of forearm and hand. Congenital radial dysplasia is often accompanied by deformities of other parts. However, carpal tunnel syndrome caused by congenital radial dysplasia is very rare. We report one case of 53-year-old man with congenital radial dysplasia who underwent surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Forearm ; Hand ; Rare Diseases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment for diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones in adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2005 and February 2009, fifteen adolescents with diaphyseal fractures in both forearm bones were treated with a compression plate for the ulnar fractures and intramedullary pin fixation for the radial fractures. They were clinically and radiologically evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean time for radiological bone union was 9.2 weeks. At the last follow up, the rotational deformity and angulation were within seven degrees and evaluations of the functional results were excellent in all cases. One patient had a refracture of the ulna after plate removal, which was treated with a long-arm cast. CONCLUSION: The use of a compression plate for the ulnar fractures and intramedullary pin fixation for the radial fractures can be an effective method for unstable displaced diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Humans ; Ulna

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment for diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones in adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2005 and February 2009, fifteen adolescents with diaphyseal fractures in both forearm bones were treated with a compression plate for the ulnar fractures and intramedullary pin fixation for the radial fractures. They were clinically and radiologically evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean time for radiological bone union was 9.2 weeks. At the last follow up, the rotational deformity and angulation were within seven degrees and evaluations of the functional results were excellent in all cases. One patient had a refracture of the ulna after plate removal, which was treated with a long-arm cast. CONCLUSION: The use of a compression plate for the ulnar fractures and intramedullary pin fixation for the radial fractures can be an effective method for unstable displaced diaphyseal fractures of both forearm bones in adolescents.
Adolescent ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Humans ; Ulna

PURPOSE: In the present study, the usefulness of single bone flexible intramedullary nail fixation in pediatric displaced both forearm bone shaft fractures was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2006, we treated 14 consecutive pediatric both forearm bone shaft fractures using a single bone flexible intramedullary fixation. The average age of patients was 8.6 years (range, 3-12 years). We nailed the one bone of the two that showed either greater deformity in the initial radiographs, or difficulty in maintaining reduction, which in our cases was usually the radius. The operation time, duration of cast removal, functional recovery and complications were evaluated. The bony alignment, maintained until bony union, was analyzed by radiographic assessment. These data were compared with 27 cases of both bone nailing, which was the standard treatment in our institution prior to 2006. RESULTS: All cases in both groups healed without secondary intervention. All cases recovered to a normal functional status after postoperative average 12 weeks. In regards to their clinical and radiographic results, there was no significant difference between the single bone fixation group and the both bone fixation group, except that there was a shorter operation time, and longer period of cast immobilization, for the single bone fixation group. CONCLUSION: Single bone flexible intramedullary fixation is a useful method for the treatment of displaced forearm bone shaft fractures in children. The strategy of fixating the bone that exhibits greater deformity or difficulty in maintaining reduction, which was usually the radius, was found to be effective in our cases.
Bone Nails ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Forearm ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Nails ; Radius

PURPOSE: To define the significant factors for lateral condyle prominence following the lateral closing wedge osteotomy for cubitus varus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analyzed the 15 cases performed lateral closing wedge osteotomy for cubitus varus. We measured the carrying angle by the arm and forearm axis lines of soft tissues, lateral condyle prominence index, the distance from center of rotation to osteotomy site and the distance from center of rotation to elbow joint. RESULTS: The lateral condyle prominence group with lateral condyle prominence index (LCPI) over 300% was 5 cases (33%), and no prominence group was 10 cases (67%). The distance between CORA and osteotomy site in lateral condyle prominence group was mean 44 mm (range, 35-52) and no prominence group was mean 21 mm (range, 17-27). The distance between CORA and elbow joint was mean -3 mm (range -15~7) and 16 mm (range, 8-24) respectively. CONCLUSION: Lateral condyle prominence was developed in case of the increased preoperative LCPI, increased distance between CORA and osteotomy site, and decreased distance between CORA and elbow joint.
Arm ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Elbow Joint ; Forearm ; Osteotomy*

No abstract available.
Cerebral Palsy* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Forearm* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Pronation* ; Wrist*

The authors made an attempt to classify the supracondylar extension-valgus fracture according to the direction and location of the fracture line based on the radiographic manifestation. This new classification helps to dictate the model of treatment, possible sequence of reduction and the causes of deformity of the elbow after treatment. During the last 12 years of this study, 200 supracondylar fractures of the humerus were treated in the Kyung Hee University Hospital. Of the cases 82 were extension-valgus fractures. The results were as follows: 1. The supracondylar extension-valgus fracture were classified into 5 types: Type I: fish-tail fracture (14 cases) Type II : obtuse fish-tail fracture (27 cases) Type III: oblique fracture (16 cases) Type IV: oblique fracture with comminution of lateral column (14 cases) Type V: Transverse fracture (11 cases) 2. The displacement of the distal fragment in the fish-tail fracture is severe but it can be reduced easily by manipulation. Once reduction has been obtained, the fracture is stable and maintained by a long arm cast with acute flexion of the elbow alone. There is no need of percutaneous pinning. Among 14 cases of type I fracture there was no cubitus varus deformity. 3. The line of the obtuse fish-tail fracture lies distal to fish-tail fracture. This is unstable so it is necessary to percutaneous pinning. 4. The oblique fracture is produced by the hyperextension of the elbow and degrees of the obliquity of the fracture line were 12 to 20 degrees (Av. 14 degrees). The valgus angles in opposit elbows were 9 to 25 degrees (Av. 16 degrees). The forearm must be pulled into valgus position during the reduction of the fracture. 5. Type IV fracture occures under 4 years old, and more commonly in girls. This is unstable, so it is necessary to percutaneous pinning.
Arm ; Child ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Elbow ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humerus

Radial longitudinal deficiency, also known as radial club hand, is a congenital deformity of the upper extremity which can present with a spectrum of upper limb deficiencies. The typical hand and forearm deformity in such cases consists of significant forearm shortening, radial deviation of the wrist and hypoplasia or absence of a thumb. Treatment goals focus on the creation of stable centralized and functionally hand, maintenance of a mobile and stable wrist and preservation of longitudinal forearm growth. Historically centralization procedures have been the most common treatment method for this condition; unfortunately centralization procedures are associated with a high recurrence rate and have the potential for injury to the distal ulnar physis resulting in a further decrease in forearm growth. Here we advocate for the use of a vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint transfer for stabilization of the carpus and prevention of recurrent radial deformity and subluxation of the wrist. This technique was originally described by the senior author in 1992 and he has subsequently been performed in 24 cases with an average of 11-year follow-up. In this paper we present an overview of the technique and review the expected outcomes for this method of treatment of radial longitudinal deficiency.
Forearm/abnormalities/*surgery ; Hand Deformities, Congenital/*surgery ; Humans ; Joints/*transplantation ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint/surgery ; Radius/abnormalities/*surgery