No abstract available.
Foramen Ovale, Patent* ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Foramen Ovale, Patent*

Patent foramen ovales (PFOs) are common congenital cardiac defects that have been associated with the occurrence of stroke, especially with cryptogenic stroke, or those of undefined cause, accounting for up to 40% of all ischemic strokes. A number of studies have demonstrated the association of larger PFOs with increased shunting in patients with cryptogenic strokes. Medical treatment is often considered inadequate, and percutaneous closure offers an attractive, albeit controversial, alternative in stroke patients with PFOs. Although it is plausible that percutaneous PFO closure will reduce the rate of recurrent stroke in these patients, no prospective, randomized trials examining the efficacy of closure devices in this setting have been completed. This paper reviews the known relationship between PFOs and cryptogenic strokes and discusses current therapeutic options, including percutaneous closure.
Accounting ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Humans ; Stroke

The close relationship between patent foramen ovale(PFO)and cryptogenic ischemic cerebrovascular disease and migraine has been concerned for years. However,in the field of non-cardiac surgery and anesthesiology, PFO and related clinical problems are less recognized. Under perioperative circumstances,PFO may generate many challenges such as paradoxical systematic embolism and severe hypoxemia. This article briefly introduces the epidemiology, paradoxical embolism, and detection methods of PFO and discribes the perioperative complications and corresponding perioperative strategies for prevention and cure.
Embolism, Paradoxical ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Humans ; Hypoxia

Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is common and is most commonly embolic or haemorrhagic. A common source of embolism is the heart and as such echocardiogram is an essential investigation. However, clinicians need to be aware of rare sources of embolism. We report a rare and interesting case of a 61-year-old Caucasian man who presented with stroke and on evaluation was found to have a large thrombus coiled striding over a patent foreman ovale into the right and left atrium consistent with a 'thrombus in transit'. The origin of the thrombus was later confirmed to be from the left saphenous vein. This case highlights an interesting case of 'thrombus in transit'.
Stroke ; Myxoma ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Embolism, Paradoxical

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Foramen Ovale, Patent*

Interest in the prevalence of patent foramen ovale(PFO) and its relation to embolic stroke has increased with the sophistication of methods for noninvasive cardiac assessment. The effect of foramen ovale closure on the risk for subsequent strokes is promised. A 22-year old woman was presented with sudden onset of cerebral infarct. She had a patent formen ovale, and right to left shunt during the Valsalva maneuver, which was diagnosed by transesophageal contrast echocardiography. Transcatheter closure of PFO was performed with Rashkind PDA umbrella under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography. Transcatheter closure of PFO can be accomplised with little morbidity and may reduce the risk of embolic episode.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal* ; Female ; Foramen Ovale ; Foramen Ovale, Patent* ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Stroke* ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Young Adult

Atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) was reported as a cause of unknown origin of central or peripheral thromboembolism with patent foramen ovale, aortic debris and spontaneous echo contrast. Especially the paradoxical right to left shunt via micro-fenestration on this sac may be the important cause of this embolism. We report a case of 39 year-old female patient who had atrial septal aneurysm with multiple renal infarction. Symptom was improved with aneurysmectomy and patch closure, then long term anticoagulation has been continued.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Embolism ; Female ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Thromboembolism

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is growing in clinical interest because of a renewed focus on embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), the PFO attributable fraction (the 10-point Risk of Paradoxical Embolism score), technical advances in PFO diagnosis, and the emergence of endovascular device closure as a treatment option. However, recent randomized controlled trials of the management of patients with ESUS and PFO failed to demonstrate the superiority of closure over medical treatment. The mechanisms of stroke other than paradoxical embolism may be important in patients with ESUS and PFO. This paper reviews the current understanding of the pathophysiology of stroke and therapeutic options in patients with PFO and ESUS.
Diagnosis ; Embolism, Paradoxical ; Foramen Ovale, Patent* ; Humans ; Stroke

Atrial Appendage/surgery* ; Foramen Ovale, Patent/surgery* ; Humans