OBJECTIVES: Aims were to evaluate foot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis for its types, prevalence, and relation with duration of the disease. METHODS: Inspection, measuring of hallux valgus and calcaneal angle and footprint were done on 256 feet of 128 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Transverse (metatarsal) arch and longitudinal arch were evaluated by foot printings. RESULTS: 1) The most common type of foot deformities was hallux valgus in 175 of 256 feet(68.4%). Depressed transverse arches were in 169(66.0%), toe deformities including claw toe, hammer toe, curl toe and mallet toe in 125(48.9%), calcaneal valgus in 87(34.0%), callus in 67(26.2%), pes planus in 37(14.5%), and bunion in 25 (9.8%) of 256 feet. 2) Foot involvements as the initial manifestation were seen in 41 (32.0%) of 128 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A duration of rheumatoid arthritis over 10 years were seen in 37 of 128 patients. In this patients mean number of involved toes per foot was 2.78 which was not statistically significant increase compared to that of all patients, 2.23 (p-value>0.05). Even with absence of foot symptoms in 28 of 128 patient with rheumatoid arthritis, toe deformities were seen in 1.55 toes per foot. And prevalence of hallux valgus, pes planus, depressed transverse arch and calcaneal valgus were 58.9%, 10.7%, 51.8% and 39.3% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Foot deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were usually inevitable complication. Even in the patients who had no foot symptom, there were foot deformities. So, we think that physicians should pay attention to the foot in all rheumatoid arthritis.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Bony Callus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Flatfoot ; Foot Deformities ; Foot* ; Hallux Valgus ; Hammer Toe Syndrome ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Toes

Triple arthrodesis is performed to obtain stable stature and walking, to eliminate pain, to correct the deformities of the foot. This is the result of 92 feet triple arthrodesis over a period from 1976 to 1991 at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The results are as follows 1. Mean age was 17.6 years, ranged from 10 to 51 years. 2. Of the total of 92 feet, sequelae of poliomyelitis was the most common etiology with 58 feet(63%). 3. Most common type of foot deformity was talipes equinovarus with 52 feet(56%). 4. Internal fixation was done with staple or Steinmann pin combined with autogenous bone graft. Among them, using of 2 staples was the most common fixation method, 47 cases(51%). 5. As necessary, triple arthrodesis was combined with tendo-calcaneus lengthening, plantar fasciotomy, posterior capsulotomy, modified Jones operation and tibiotalar arthrodesis. 6. Final results were ideal. in 22 cases(24%), good in 51 cases(56%), fair in 16 cases(17%) and fail in 3 cases(3%). 7. There were 2 cases of pseudoarthrosis and 1 case of residual equinus deformity after operation. In conclusion, triple arthrodesis was the efficient method of treatment for the deformed feet in skeletally matured patients.
Arthrodesis ; Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Equinus Deformity ; Foot Deformities ; Foot ; Humans ; Methods ; Poliomyelitis ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Pseudarthrosis ; Transplants ; Walking

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes of treatment of hallux valgus and its associated foot deformities with shoe and insole modification. METHOD: We present the short-term follow-up of 32 symptomatic hallux valgus deformities in 20 patients. The patients were all female and 32 to 77 years in age at the time of modification of shoe and insole. Twenty patients were evaluated on an average of 4 weeks following their shoe and insole modification. Hallux valgus angles and first-second intermetatarsal angle were evaluated as well as the range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and patient's satisfaction. Outcome was measured using changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) on twenty occasions during 4 weeks. RESULTS: Hallux valgus was commonly associated with the lesser (2nd~5th) toe deformity (21 cases, 65.5%), pes planus (12 cases, 37.5%), Achilles tightness (12 cases, 37.5%) and great toe pronation (10 cases, 31.5%). The result obtained was highly significant (p<0.002), suggesting that the shoe and insole modification were as effective in reducing the level of pain due to hallux valgus and its associated foot deformities. CONCLUSION: The shoe and insole modification can be an effective treatment of reducing pain of hallux valgus and its associated deformities.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Flatfoot ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot Deformities* ; Foot* ; Hallux Valgus* ; Hallux* ; Humans ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Pronation ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoes* ; Toes

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify the subtypes of idiopathic osteoarthritis of the tarsometatarsal joints based on accompanying hindfoot, midfoot, or foot deformities and their corresponding surgical options and also to evaluate the overall clinical results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 59 patients (67 feet) with idiopathic tarsometatarsal joint osteoarthritis. Tarsometatarsal fusion was performed for tarsometatarsal joint and accompanied secondary change was divided into subtypes and various bony reconstruction was carried out. The patients were evaluated with the AOFAS midfoot score and FFI. The average patient age was 60.2 years with 40.6 months follow-up. Fifty-four feet (80.6%) had been treated with realignment fusion. Twenty-six feet had first and second tarsometatarsal joint fusion, and 20 feet had first tarsometatarsal fusion only. Six subtypes were identified based on associated foot deformities: 1) in-situ without deformities (18%), 2) pes planovalgus (45%), 3) rockerbottom (15%), 4) cavus foot (1%), 5) hallux valgus (12%), and 6) hallux valgus with pes planovalgus or rockerbottom (9%). Plantar-medial closing-wedge resection was used in 10 feet to correct rockerbottom. For pes planovalgus, a medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy was done. Lateral column lengthening with medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy was done for severe pes planovalgus, and triple arthrodesis was done for rigid pes planovalgus. Hallux valgus was corrected with the Lapidus procedure (85.7%). RESULTS: AOFAS midfoot scores improved from preoperative 34.1 points to postoperative 83.9 points (p<0.05). The Foot Function Index postoperatively also showed significant improvement (p<0.05), with a high satisfaction rate (86.6%). There were 29 complications, most commonly sesamoid pain. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic tarsometatarsal OA feet can be classified into six categories. Pes planovalgus feet should be treated with medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy, lateral column lengthening, or triple arthrodesis in addition to tarsometatarsal joint realignment fusion. Rockerbottom and hallux valgus deformities should also be addressed.
Arthrodesis ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Foot Deformities ; Hallux Valgus ; Humans ; Joints* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Osteotomy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between each variable on occupational condition and foot deformity by Harris mat footprint. METHOD: Subjects were 227 labors having no neurologic or musculoskeletal problems. They were evaluated by clinical history and Harris mat footprint. Three optional parameters of footprints were medial arch angle, metatatarsal arch grade, and hallux valgus angle. RESULTS: 1) Hallux valgus angles were significantly increased in group of female, above 39 years old, labor, and duration of duty more than 6 years. 2) Medial arch angles were significantly decreased in female, above 39 years old, obese person, and labor. 3) Metatarsal arch grades were significantly increased in group of female, above 39 years old, and more than 20 numbers of conveyance, less than 6 years of duration of duty. Foot pain was not related to medial arch angle, metatatarsal arch grade, and hallux valgus angle, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that deformity of foot were related to female, above 39 years old, obese person, position of duty, duration of duty, and standing time. So these peoples maybe helpful for weaning proper modified shoes.
Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Foot Deformities* ; Foot* ; Hallux Valgus ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Shoes ; Weaning

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of foot deformities in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease compared with normal persons according to severity of disease. METHOD: Sixty-two patients with CMT disease were recruited for this study. The normal control group was composed of 28 healthy people without any foot deformity. Patients were classified into a mild group and a moderate group according to the CMT neuropathy score. Ten typical radiological angles representing foot deformities such as pes equinus and pes varus were measured. The CMT group angles were compared with those of the normal control group, and those of the mild group were also compared with those of the moderate group. RESULTS: The lateral (Lat.) talo-first metatarsal angle, anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle, Lat. calcaneal-first metatarsal angle, Lat. naviocuboid overlap, Lat. calcaneal pitch, Lat. tibiocalcaneal angle, and Lat. talocalcaneal angle in the CMT group showed a significant difference compared to the normal control group (p<0.05). These findings revealed CMT patients have pes cavus, forefoot adduction, midfoot supination and pes varus deformity. Compared to the mild group, the moderate group significantly showed an increased Lat. calcaneal pitch and decreased Lat. calcaneal-first metatarsal angle, Lat. tibiocalcaneal angle, Lat. talocalcaneal angle, and Lat. talo-first metatarsal angle (p<0.05). These findings revealed that the pes cavus deformity of CMT patients tend to be worse with disease severity. CONCLUSION: The characteristic equinovarus foot deformity patterns in CMT patients were revealed and these deformities tended to be worse with disease severity. Radiographic measures may be useful for the investigation of foot deformities in CMT patients.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ; Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Foot ; Foot Deformities ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Supination

Correction and stabilization for deformed feet were performed on 372 feet in 309 patients under 17 years old age at the Sam Yook Rehabilitation Center. Review of statistics, technical problems, and complications has led to followings :1. Cerebral palsy and residual poliomyelitis were the most common etiology. 2. Equinovarus deformity and its conjoined cavus deformity were the most common deformity. 3. In soft tissue surgery, tendo calcaneus lengthening was the most common procedure, and next, plantar fasciotomy. 4. In bone surgery, triple arthrodesis was the most common procedure, especially Ryerson technique. 5. Almost patients impraved their stand and gait pattern by operation.
Achilles Tendon ; Arthrodesis ; Cerebral Palsy ; Clubfoot ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Foot Deformities ; Foot ; Gait ; Humans ; Poliomyelitis ; Rehabilitation Centers

In general, the operative treatment of the brachymetatarsia is the lengthening of the affected metatarsal bone due to the cosmetic problem rather than the functional one. We experienced 22 year-old female bilateral congenital foot deformities such as hallux varus and 1,4th brachymetatarsia treated with reverse Scarf osteotomy on the hallux varus and massive axial metatarsal shortening Weil osteotomy on the 2,3,5th metatarsals which could reconstruct the normal metatarsal parabola.
Callosities ; Cosmetics ; Female ; Foot Deformities, Congenital ; Hallux ; Hallux Varus ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Osteotomy

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa is a congenital macrodactyly characterized by progressive overgrowth of all the mesenchymal elements of a digit or digits with a disproportionate increase in the fibroadipose tissue. We reported a case of macrodystrophia lipomatosa of the foot, which is a rare case, and reviewed the literatures.
Fingers ; Foot ; Limb Deformities, Congenital

OBJECTIVE: To see how people think about their own feet, and evaluate whether there are correlations among self-awareness of the participants and clinical examination findings. METHODS: Adult twins and their families who participated in the Healthy Twin study from May 2008 to April 2010 were recruited. Participants were asked whether they thought their feet were normal, flat, or cavus. The lateral talometatarsal angles were measured on foot X-rays to determine the foot arch height. Using the podoscopic footprints taken with the podobaroscope, the Staheli arch index was also measured. Kappa statistics were used to calculate degree of agreement among the three measurement methods. RESULTS: Self-awareness and radiographic findings were significantly different (Pearson chi-square test, p=0.000) and only slightly agreed (kappa measure of agreement=0.136, p=0.000). Self-awareness and podoscopy results revealed a significant difference (Pearson chi-square test, p=0.000), with only slight agreement (kappa measure of agreement=0.072, p=0.000). CONCLUSION: There is significant disagreement between patients' perception of their feet and actual test results. Many people may have an incorrect assumption about their own foot conditions that may be reflected in improper management. Dissemination of accurate information about foot disorders by foot clinicians would be helpful.
Adult ; Flatfoot ; Foot Deformities ; Foot* ; Humans ; Twins