No abstract available.
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia*

No abstract available.
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Male*

No abstract available.
Adult ; Female ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia/*pathology ; Humans

Recent advances in imaging technologies have offered us a great chance to detect a variety of focal liver lesions. Accordingly, it is of paramount importance to determine whether these focal liver lesions are malignant or nonmalignant. Some benign hepatic tumors mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma typically develop from either regenerative or dysplastic/neoplastic processes. The most common benign hepatic solid tumors that are not of vascular origin include focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma. A majority of patients with benign hepatic tumors are often asymptomatic and require no specific treatment. However, surgical resection may be infrequently needed for cases with clinical symptoms or malignant potential. This review will touch on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma.
Adenoma, Liver Cell ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; Humans ; Liver

Thyroid carcinogenesis is traditionally thought to originate 'de novo'. However, it is debatable whether a malignant transformation can possibly arise from a benign thyroid nodule, as suggested for the malignant transformation of a thyroid adenoma. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been performed addressing the malignant transformation of nodular hyperplasia in the thyroid gland. Here, we report a case of nodular hyperplasia with focally malignant degeneration.
Carcinogenesis ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; Hyperplasia* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule

Distinction of hepatocellular carcinoma from benign entities such as focal nodular hyperplasia is important because failure of prompt diagnosis could result in a missed opportunity for curative resection. The differential deagnosis, especially among focal nodular hyperplasia and adenoma and even hepatocellualr carcinoma, may have difficult; and when using inly a single imaging method, the diagnosis is often equivocal. Therefore, a combination of imaging modalities is preferred. For focal nodular hyperplasia, the combination of computerized tomography (CT ), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radionuclide scintigraphy showed a high sensitivity and specificity. But, histologic examination is required for the differential diagnos is of hepatic mass. We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma without clinical evidence of malignancy or serum elevation of tumor marker, that mimicked the CT , MRI, and radionuclide scint igraphic appearance of focal nodular hyperplasia.
Adenoma ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diagnosis ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules (FNH-like nodules) are hypervascular lesions that occur in the cirrhotic liver. Histologically,they are similar to classical FNH in an otherwise normal liver. Radiologically, FNH-like nodules may mimic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and they have been misdiagnosed as HCC based on radiological findings. Their pathogenesis and etiology are unclear, but they may arise from a local hyperplastic response to vascular alterations like classical FNH. Rarely, these nodules transform into malignant tumors and cause complications. We report the case of a 28-year-old man with multiple FNH-like nodules in congenital liver cirrhosis.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a rare, benign hepatic tumor which was usually discovered incidentally by imaging procedure performed for some other reasons. FNH is typically asymptomatic and, it seldom bleeds. There is no evidence to support any relation with primary liver cancer. Accordingly, the preferred management is conservative, and excision is reserved for large symptomatic and complicated lesion, or when the diagnosis remains uncertain. Although many cases of FNH has been described to date in the other countries, only four cases of FNH has been reported in Korean literature. In the present report we describe a 7 cm sized asymptomatic lesion of FNH in a 23-year-old woman, that was disclosed by various kinds of imaging procedure. The left lateral segmentectomy was performed. The mass was firm and showed areas of localized growth of mature hepatocytes and septal fibrosis accompanied with marginal ductal proliferation, consistent with FNH. It also displayed an incomplete stellate architectual configration consisted of a central fibrous scar.
Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia* ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Liver* ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical features of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and investigate its diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Eleven patients with FNH treated from January 1997 to January 2007 were analyzed. The clinical findings of pathologically proven FNH were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Among the eleven patients with 18 masses, the mean age was 29.5 (11~57) and the gender ratio (male:female) was 4:7. Four patients had clinical symptoms. Six patients had a solitary mass and five had multiple masses. The mean tumor diameter was 2.73 +/- 1.82 cm. The overall rate of a correct preoperative diagnosis was 0% (0/4) by ultrasound, 36.3% (4/11) by CT and 20.0% (2/10) by MRI. Only two patients had a central stellate scar in the mass. All patients underwent hepatic resection without complication. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the combination of Dynamic CT and dual contrast MRI are important diagnostic methods for FNH. However, a definite preoperative diagnosis of FNH, without a central stellate scar, is very difficult. Surgical resection is recommended for patients with an uncertain diagnosis or clinical symptoms.
Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To analyze the morphologic and enhancement patterns of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver observed at triphasic helical CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The triphasic helical CT findings of 15 pathologically-proven FNHs in 15 patients (male: female = 7:8; mean age, 40 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Triphasic helical CT images were obtained at 30 secs (arterial phase), 70 secs (portal phase), and 3 mins (equilibrium phase) after the initiation of contrast injection of a total of 120 mL nonionic contrast material at a rate of 3 mL/sec. Image analysis focused on the morphologic and enhancement patterns of the FNHs. Morphologically, their size and margin conspicuity were determined, as well as the presence or absence of a capsule, central scar, malformed arterial vessel, calcification, and mosaic pattern. As for the enhancement pattern, the degree of tumor enhancement (hyper-, iso-, or hypoattenuation) was compared with the surrounding hepatic parenchyma at each phase. All hyperattenuating FNHs were further analyzed after dividing them into two groups, strongly and weakly enhanced. RESULTS: Ten of the 15 tumors were less than 3 cm in diameter. With regard to the other morphologic parameters, a central scar, malformed arterial vessel, and capsule were found in four, four, and five FNHs, respectively. Eleven FNHs showed hyperattenuation, with strong enhancement at the arterial phase. During the portal and equilibrium phases, the enhancement pattern changed to iso- or hypoattenuation in nine and 13 FNHs, respectively. Of six hyperattenuating FNHs at the portal phase, five were weakly enhanced. CONCLUSION: Though our sample was small, we found that FNHs were hyperattenuating lesions, strongly enhanced at the arterial phase but iso- or hypoattenuating during the portal and equilibrium phases. A central scar, malformed arterial vessel, and capsule were observed fairly frequently. Thus, for the differentiation of FNH from other hypervascular hepatic tumors, precise recognition of their CT findings is important.
Cicatrix ; Female ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Liver* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*