1.Recalcitrant gram-positive bacterial keratitis treated with intrastromal levofloxacin 1.5% ophthalmic solution: A case report and review of literature
Bobbie Marie M. Santos ; Josept Mari S. Poblete ; George Michael N. Sosuan ; Pablito F. Sandoval Jr. ; Billie Jean T. Cordero ; David Ammiel R. Tirol V ; Ruben Lim Bon Siong
Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology 2024;49(1):54-60
Objective:
This paper demonstrated the effectiveness of intrastromal injection of levofloxacin 1.5%
ophthalmic solution in the management of recalcitrant Gram-positive bacterial keratitis.
Methods:
This is a report on two cases of recalcitrant bacterial keratitis encountered at the External Diseases
and Cornea Clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the Philippine General Hospital.
Results:
Two middle-aged females presented with bacterial keratitis unresponsive to previous antibiotic
treatment with impending corneal perforation. The Gram stain of the corneal scraping in the first case revealed Gram-positive cocci, while the second case showed encapsulated Gram-positive bacilli and encapsulated Grampositive cocci in chains. In both cases, repeated intrastromal injections of levofloxacin 1.5% in addition to increasing the frequency of topical levofloxacin 1.5% resulted in marked improvement in visual acuity and resolution of deep stromal infiltrates and hypopyon.
Conclusion
These cases highlighted the utility of intrastromal levofloxacin 1.5% ophthalmic solution in the
management of recalcitrant Gram-positive bacterial keratitis.
Fluoroquinolones
;
Levofloxacin
2.Postoperative safety outcomes in patients undergoing routine Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery with Intraoperative Intracameral Injection of Preservative-Free Moxifloxacin versus Levofloxacin
Franz Marie Cruz ; Harvey S. Uy ; Carlo Josemaria Rubio ; Pik Sha Chan
Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology 2022;47(1):15-22
Purpose:
This study compared the safety outcomes of two intracameral fluoroquinolone antibiotics,
moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, as prophylaxis treatment in eyes that underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery.
Methods:
This is a prospective, double-masked, randomized, interventional, single-center clinical trial. Eyes
with visually-significant cataracts underwent phacoemulsification and received preservative-free intracameral
0.5% moxifloxacin [58 eyes (M group)] or 0.5% levofloxacin [56 eyes (L group)] at the end of the surgery as
antibiotic prophylaxis. The following safety parameters were evaluated postoperatively at Day 1, Week 1 and
Month 1: central retinal thickness (CRT), macular volume (MV), central corneal thickness (CCT), and
endothelial cell density (ECD). In-between group comparison was made at each of the 4 study visits using
Student’s t-test.
Results:
Both M and L groups had similar baseline characteristics. There were no significant differences in
CRT, MV, CCT and ECD between the 2 groups at each time point in the study. There were no significant
differences in the mean changes in CRT, MV, CCT and ECD from baseline to final visit between the 2 groups.
No study-related adverse events were observed during the study period.
Conclusion
Intracameral application of preservative-free 0.5% moxifloxacin and 0.5% levofloxacin appear to
have similar safety outcomes when used as antibacterial prophylaxis among eyes undergoing cataract surgery.
Based on the results, both fluoroquinolone agents are potentially suitable options for endophthalmitis
chemoprophylaxis.
Levofloxacin
;
Moxifloxacin
;
Fluoroquinolones
3.Evaluation of Efficacy and Skin Irritation during Treatment of Nadifloxacin 1% Cream in Acne Vulgaris Patient.
Jung Eun SEOL ; Soon Kwon HONG ; Jong Keun SEO ; Deborah LEE ; Ho Suk SUNG
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2012;50(6):491-496
BACKGROUND: Nadifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum. It has been suggested to not only have antibacterial, but also anti-inflammatory actions. In addition, it is effective against antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acne. Upon review of the literature, however, no studies have been performed concerning the efficacy and safety in terms of irritation potential and skin barrier changes after applying nadifloxacin. OBJECTIVE: This study intended to evaluate the skin irritation and changes of the skin barrier function associated with the administration of nadifloxacin 1% cream for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Furthermore, the efficacy and safety of nadifloxacin 1% cream were also assessed. METHODS: The changes in the lesion counts, Korean Acne Grading System (KAGS) and adverse events were recorded. The biophysical profiles of the skin, including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin surface hydration and redness were measured by Tewameter(R), Corneometer(R) and Mexameter(R) for 3 weeks. RESULTS: At the end of the therapy, 69% of inflammatory lesions (p<0.0001) and 27% of noninflammatory lesions (p=0.26) resulting from acne were decreased from the baseline. Adverse events were reported in two patients, but they were transient and tolerable. The skin barrier function showed no changes during the treatment periods. CONCLUSION: Nadifloxacin 1% cream is effective for the treatment of acne vulgaris without the changes of skin barrier function.
Acne Vulgaris
;
Fluoroquinolones
;
Humans
;
Propionibacterium
;
Quinolizines
;
Skin
4.Efficacy of Cefcapene Pivoxil for Empirical Therapy of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis.
Seung Ju LEE ; U Syn HA ; Hyun Woo KIM ; Yong Hyun CHO
Infection and Chemotherapy 2008;40(3):162-166
BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among uropathogens has been observed in Korea. Since empirical antimicrobial therapy should be guided by the proportion of pathogens resistant to the chosen antibiotic, the limitation of fluoroquinolones as the first empirical choice for acute cystitis is noticed in the clinical setting. The present study was undertaken to determine the susceptibility profiles of urinary isolates to cefcapene pivoxil and assess the clinical efficacy in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a prospective, open label, non-comparative, non-blinded trial. Ninety-two patients with acute, uncomplicated symptomatic cystitis from two hospitals were treated with cefcapene pivoxil 100 mg tid for 5 days and followed up for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Seventy-seven of the 92 patients were evaluated. Bacteriological eradication of initial pathogens was achieved in 97.4% by 2 weeks after therapy termination. Seventy-four of 77 (96.1%) patients were symptomatically cured or improved after completion of therapy. Drug related adverse experiences were seen in 8 patients. None necessitated cessation of therapy. No significant biochemical or hematological abnormalities occurred. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of empirical 5-day cefcapene pivoxil for acute uncomplicated cystitis.
Cystitis
;
Fluoroquinolones
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Prevalence
;
Prospective Studies
5.The Choice of Empirical Treatment of Uncomplicated Cystitis: No Longer Free Ride.
Infection and Chemotherapy 2012;44(4):323-327
Resistance of uropathogenic E. coli to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in Korea has surpassed the threshold of 20% at which the drug is no longer recommended for empirical treatment and routine urine culture is recommended. Given the unavailability of alternative agents other than fluoroquinolones, increased use of this agent, which is known to cause collateral damage, appears inevitable. However, the majority of study data have been reported from studies of pyelonephritis, and seldom represent the level of resistance of community acquired uncomplicated cystitis. For selection of a rational empirical agent according to the guidelines, judicious interpretation of recent studies conducted in Korea with regard to quality of the evidence is required.
Cystitis
;
Drug Resistance
;
Fluoroquinolones
;
Korea
;
Pyelonephritis
6.Efficacy of Cefcapene Pivoxil for Empirical Therapy of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis.
Seung Ju LEE ; U Syn HA ; Hyun Woo KIM ; Yong Hyun CHO
Infection and Chemotherapy 2008;40(3):162-166
BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance among uropathogens has been observed in Korea. Since empirical antimicrobial therapy should be guided by the proportion of pathogens resistant to the chosen antibiotic, the limitation of fluoroquinolones as the first empirical choice for acute cystitis is noticed in the clinical setting. The present study was undertaken to determine the susceptibility profiles of urinary isolates to cefcapene pivoxil and assess the clinical efficacy in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a prospective, open label, non-comparative, non-blinded trial. Ninety-two patients with acute, uncomplicated symptomatic cystitis from two hospitals were treated with cefcapene pivoxil 100 mg tid for 5 days and followed up for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Seventy-seven of the 92 patients were evaluated. Bacteriological eradication of initial pathogens was achieved in 97.4% by 2 weeks after therapy termination. Seventy-four of 77 (96.1%) patients were symptomatically cured or improved after completion of therapy. Drug related adverse experiences were seen in 8 patients. None necessitated cessation of therapy. No significant biochemical or hematological abnormalities occurred. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the clinical efficacy and safety of empirical 5-day cefcapene pivoxil for acute uncomplicated cystitis.
Cystitis
;
Fluoroquinolones
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Prevalence
;
Prospective Studies
7.Anaphylactoid reaction to ofloxacin with cross-reactivity to other fluoroquinolones.
Cheol Woo KIM ; Duk Young KIM ; Sung Tae RYU ; Sang Yong KANG ; Chang Soo JANG
Journal of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2004;24(1):146-151
Fluoroquinolones are antimicrobial agents that have a broad range of activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Anaphylactoid reactions have been sporadically reported with fluoroquinolones. There have been a few reports that describes cross-reactivity between fluoroquinolones. We experienced a case of ofloxacin-induced anaphylactoid reaction, and confirmed cross-reactivity between ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin with the oral challenge test. Cross-reactivity between fluoroquinolones may be important, and avoidance of any fluoroquinolones should be mandatory for patients with hypersensitivity reaction to one of these drugs.
Anti-Infective Agents
;
Ciprofloxacin
;
Fluoroquinolones*
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Ofloxacin*
8.Clinical Efficacy and Tolerance of 1% Nadifloxacin Cream in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris in South Korea.
Won Jun CHOI ; Kwang Joong KIM ; Nack In KIM ; Young Chul KYE ; Dae Hun SUH ; Joo Heung LEE ; Myeung Nam KIM ; Eun So LEE ; Ju Hee LEE ; Young Suck RO
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2010;48(8):665-671
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobials have been a mainstay of inflammatory acne treatment for more than 30 years. However, antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria had been isolated with increased frequency, and associated with failure to respond to antibiotic therapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy and tolerance of 1% nadifloxacin cream. METHODS: In the final analysis, 197 patients with mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris were enrolled. The patients were instructed to apply 1% nadifloxacin cream twice daily to the affected skin after washing the face. Following 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, patients were observed for clinical response: number of the acne lesions, Korea acne grading system (KAGS), global improvement, and occurrence of adverse reactions. RESULTS: During 4 weeks of treatment, nadifloxacin caused significant reduction in the number of inflamed papulo-pustular lesions and open/closed comedones. In addition, significant reduction of KAGS was observed. About 96% of patients showed clinical improvement in the overall evaluation of the therapeutic effect by physicians. All reported adverse events were mild. CONCLUSION: This study shows that 1% nadifloxacin cream can be an effective and safe treatment for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Acne Vulgaris
;
Fluoroquinolones
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Quinolizines
;
Republic of Korea
;
Skin
9.The Efficacy of Intravitreal Gatifloxacin in Experimental S. epidermidis Endophthalmitis.
Soo Young LEE ; Eun Hye RYU ; Sun Kyung MOON ; Hyun Jin KIM ; So Youn WOO ; Min Sun CHO ; Hyoung Jun KOH
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2008;49(4):651-660
PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal gatifloxacin with intravitreal vancomycin in the treatment of Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. METHODS: Albino rabbits (n=30), infected with an intravitreal inoculum of S. epidermidis (10(5) colony forming unit/0.1 mL), were divided into 6 groups (n=5). Groups I and IV received 200 microgram/0.1 mL of intravitreal gatifloxacin, and groups II and V were injected 1000 microgram/0.1 mL of vancomycin intravitreally. Intravitreal balanced salt solutions (untreated control) were given to Groups III and VI. Intravitreal antibiotic therapy commenced 24 hours after bacterial inoculation. The bactericidal efficacy was determined by electroretinography (ERG), clinical grading, bacterial culture of vitreous aspirates and histopathologic grading. ERGs and clinical gradings were performed only for groups I, II, and III and bacterial cultures were done only for groups IV, V, and VI. RESULTS: Eyes in the gatifloxacin groups showed similar appearance to those in the vancomycin treated groups clinically, histologically, and functionally as proved with ERG. All aspirates from the gatifloxacin and vancomycin groups were culture negative at 5 days after bacterial inoculation, whereas all eyes in the untreated control group were culture positive. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that intravitreal injection of 200 microgram /0.1mL gatifloxacin appeared to be equally effective compared to intravitreal 1000 microgram /0.1 mL vancomycin in the treatment of S. epidermidis endophthalmitis. If proven safe and efficacious after further study in humans, intravitreal injection of gatifloxacin could be considered an effective alternative to vancomycin for the treatment of S. epidermidis endophthalmitis.
Electroretinography
;
Endophthalmitis
;
Eye
;
Fluoroquinolones
;
Humans
;
Intravitreal Injections
;
Rabbits
;
Staphylococcus epidermidis
;
Vancomycin
10.Extensively Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis, XDR-TB.
Journal of the Korean Medical Association 2008;51(2):168-175
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB), resistant to at least the two main TB drugsisoniazid and rifampicin, has been a threat to TB control because the treatment requires more toxic drugs and longer period with poor treatment outcomes. Recently, more serious concerns have been raised about extensively drug resistant-tuberculosis (XDR-TB), which shows resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides in addition to isoniazid and rifampicin. XDR-TB is a serious global health threat because the cure is very difficult as few sensitive anti-TB drugs remain. XDR-TB develops when first-and second-line anti-TB drugs are misused during the course of treatment, most commonly due to poor compliance of the patients to the treatment regimen. People with XDR-TB can pass the XDR-TB bacteria to other people. Thus, every effort should be made to prevent the development of XDR-TB by establishing an effective TB control program maximizing patient adherence to prescribed anti-TB regimen and minimizing contact of XDR-TB patients with other people to prevent the spread of XDR-TB.
Aminoglycosides
;
Bacteria
;
Compliance
;
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
;
Fluoroquinolones
;
Humans
;
Isoniazid
;
Patient Compliance
;
Rifampin
;
Tuberculosis