Neurocardiogenic syncope is a relatively common cause of syncope and is diagnosed by head-up tilt test. A wide variety of medical treatment has been proposed, such as beta-blocker, vasoconstrictor, fludrocortisone, and serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. But there are some cases in which these therapies have failed to prevent syncope. Recent report has shown that tilt training is a very effective therapy for recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope. Thus, to determine whether tilt training could prevent symptoms in the patients with recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope, the following study was taken. Five patients diagnosed with neurocardiogenic syncope by head-up tilt test were included. After hospital admission, they were tilted daily until negative response occurred. Negative response was noted in four patients. But tilt training was stopped in one patient because of no response of tilt training. After hospital discharge, the four patients performed tilt training at home by leaning against wall. They were interviewed on the phone eight to eleven months later. They have not experienced any symptoms during the follow-up period. This is the first domestic report of tilt training in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope.
Fludrocortisone ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Serotonin ; Syncope ; Syncope, Vasovagal*

Cerebral salt wasting is characterized by inappropriate natriuresis and volume contraction with associated cerebral pathology. It is distinct from the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, which is characterized by inappropriate retention of free water. We report a patient with a porencephalic cyst who developed cerebral salt wasting. His initial treatment was supplementation of water and salt, which did not improve natriuresis or volume contraction. Fludrocortisone administration effectively managed the cerebral salt wasting.
Adolescent ; Fludrocortisone/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyponatremia/*drug therapy ; Male ; Natriuresis/physiology ; Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use

Hyperkalemia is often detected in young infants, particularly in association with acute pyelonephritis or a urinary tract anomaly. Cases of hyperkalemia in this population may also be due to transient pseudohypoaldosteronism, or immaturity of renal tubules in handling potassium excretion. Symptoms of hyperkalemia are non-specific, but are predominantly related to skeletal or cardiac muscle dysfunction, and can be fatal. Therefore, treatment has to be initiated immediately. Administration of fludrocortisone for hyperkalemia is appropriate in cases with hypoaldosteronism, but is challenging in young infants with hyperkalemia due to renal tubular immaturity, without pseudohypoaldosteronism. We report the case of a 25-day-old male presenting with persistent hyperkalemia with normal serum aldosterone, who was admitted with a first episode of pyelonephritis and unilateral high-grade vesicoureteral reflux. The patient was treated successfully with fludrocortisone.
Aldosterone* ; Fludrocortisone ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia* ; Hypoaldosteronism ; Infant ; Male ; Myocardium ; Potassium ; Pseudohypoaldosteronism ; Pyelonephritis* ; Urinary Tract ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Autonomic dysfunction is a common manifestation in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), but it rarely persists. We report a case involving a 22-year-old man who presented with glove-and-stocking type sensory loss, symmetric weakness, urinary distension, orthostatic hypotension, decreased perspiration, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. He was subsequently diagnosed as having GBS with autonomic failure that persisted for more than six months, despite regaining muscle strength. Orthostatic hypotension progressively improved after rehabilitation and administration of midodrine and fludrocortisone. Extensive evaluation and management should be performed in patients with GBS because severe autonomic dysfunction is a major source of disability.
Fludrocortisone ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Midodrine ; Muscle Strength ; Young Adult

Intradialytic hypotension during dialysis adversely affects a patient's prognosis and increases mortality. We report a case in which intradialytic hypotension that persisted after the administration of midodrine was relieved after the use of fludrocortisone. Administration of 0.2 mg of fludrocortisone occurred 30 minutes before dialysis. We compared 45 sessions of dialysis without fludrocortisone administration and 45 sessions of dialysis with fludrocortisone administration in one patient. The number of times in which systolic blood pressure became lower than 80 mmHg and the number of early terminations of dialysis due to a decrease in systolic blood pressure were higher in the sessions without fludrocortisone administration than in the sessions with fludrocortisone administration (P < 0.05). Fludrocortisone may be helpful for the treatment of intradialytic hypotension that does not respond to midodrine administration.
Blood Pressure ; Dialysis ; Fludrocortisone* ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Midodrine ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Renal Dialysis

Hyponatremia which is due to excessive sodium loss in the urine and decrease in extracellular fluid volume following an acute or chronic central nervous system injury, has been conjunctively described as cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS). This syndrome is often confused with dilutional hyponatremia due to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Accurate diagnosis and management are mandatory for improvement of the course of the disease. This report describes a case of a 31-year-old male patient with CSWS associated with tuberculous meningitis. The patient exhibited hyponatremia, polyuria, excessive natriuresis, volume depletion, and hypotension. He was diagnosed to manifest CSWS and was treated by administration of fluids, salt, and fludrocortisone. After the respective treatments, symptoms of polyuria and hypotension were gradually resolved and hyponatremia was corrected.
Adult ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Extracellular Fluid ; Fludrocortisone ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Hypotension ; Male ; Natriuresis ; Polyuria ; Sodium ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal* ; Wasting Syndrome*

Hyponatremia in patients with central nervous system disorders is suggestive of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), and volume restriction is recommended for its correction. However, if volume depletion is present in a situation otherwise compatible with SIADH, cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) should be considered as the cause of the hyponatremia to avoid hypovolemic shock that may be induced by the standard management of SIADH, i.e. volume restriction. We present a case of a 17-year-old male patient with CSWS associated with tuberculous meningitis. The clinical feature of the patient comprised hyponatremia, excessive natriuresis, polyuria, and hypovolemia. Following the administration of saline and fludrocortisone, natriuresis and polyuria were decreased, and the hyponatremia improved
Adolescent ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Fludrocortisone ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Hypovolemia ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; Male ; Natriuresis ; Polyuria ; Shock ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal* ; Wasting Syndrome*

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease, which leads to cortisol and aldosterone deficiency and hyperandrogenism. Typical medical treatment includes oral glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid administration to suppress adrenal androgens and to compensate for adrenal steroid deficiencies. Usually, they have been managed with hydrocortisone (cortisone) and fludrocortisone (florinef). However, some patients stopped taking medicine without the doctor's consent. Among these patients, four cases of CAH patients showing the presence of hyponatremia as an initial electrolyte disorder were found with adrenal adenoma discovered by abdominal computerized tomography scan. Hypersecretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone may play a role in the development of adrenal tumor and chronic poor compliance to therapy appears to be associated with development of the tumor. Two cases were managed with adrenalectomy because of increasing adrenal tumor size and virilization. Whereas the other two cases did not increase in size and were observed without adrenalectomy. Therefore, it is important that patients with CAH maintain steroid medication to avoid the appearance of adrenal tumor.
Adenoma ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital* ; Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Aldosterone ; Androgens ; Compliance ; Fludrocortisone ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hyperandrogenism ; Hyponatremia* ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase ; Virilism

Lithium salts are being used increasingly to treat patient with affective disorders, especially acute mania, or bipolar manic-depressive illness. For therapeutic effect the lithium content must be maintained at or above a particular level. Lithium poisoning due to overdosage may be seen occasionally, and its course is determined primarily by the rate of renal lithium elimination. A search is therefore indicated for procedures that could raise the lithium clearance. In a number of reports renal lithium excretion has been studied in relation to the excretion of water, sodium, potassium and hydrogen, but effects of sodium or water on the lithium excretion has not yet been clarified. Hence the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of corticosteroid on the excretion of lithium ion. The female rat (Sprague-Dowley), weighing from 200 to 300g, was injected with 50mg/kg of lithium chloride intraperitoneally, and then injected with graded dosage of fludrocortisones and dexamethasone in each group. During the injected rats were incubated in metabolic cage, 24 hour urine of rats were collected. At 24 hours after injection, the rats were sacrificed with guillotine, the blood were collected. And then the concentrations of Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺ of collected urine and serum were checked by Flame photometer. The results are summarized as follows 1. Fludrocortisone decreased the serum concentration of lithium and increased the urinary excretion of lithium. 2. In the group treated with low dose of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg), the serum concentration of lithium was decreased and high dose of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) increased the urinary excretion of lithium. 3. Fludrocortisone increased the urinary [Na⁺]/[K⁺] in serum and decreased [Na⁺]/[K⁺] inurine, but opposite effects were occurred in dexamethasone. By above results, it may be concluded that corticosteroid increased the urinary excretion of lithium and decreased the serum concentration of lithium, but it seems to be there in no relationship between these effects of corticosteroid and of the renal Na⁺ or K⁺ transport.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Animals ; Bipolar Disorder ; Dexamethasone ; Female ; Fludrocortisone ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Lithium Chloride ; Lithium* ; Mood Disorders ; Poisoning ; Potassium ; Rats ; Renal Elimination* ; Salts ; Sodium ; Water

Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a rare disease characterized by a extracellular volume depletion and hyponatremia induced by marked natriuresis. It is mainly reported in patients who experience a central nervous system insult, such as cerebral hemorrhage or encephalitis. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is a main cause of severe hyponatremia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, whereas CSWS is rarely reported. We report 3 patients with childhood acute leukemia who developed CSWS with central nervous system complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The diagnosis of CSW was made on the basis of severe hyponatremia accompanied by increased urine output with clinical signs of dehydration. All patients showed elevated natriuretic peptide and normal antidiuretic hormone. Aggressive water and sodium replacement treatment was instituted in all 3 patients and 2 of them were effectively recovered, the other one was required to add fludrocortisone administration.
Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Encephalitis ; Fludrocortisone ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Leukemia ; Natriuresis ; Polyuria ; Rare Diseases ; Sodium ; Water