One hundred eighty-five male high school students of the University of the Philippines were tested with the Ishihara's Pseudoisochromatic plates and Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test (FM 100).One hundred seventy-one passed both tests.Five failed the Ishihara but passed the FM 100.Five passed the Ishihara but turned out to be blue-yellow deficient by the FM 100 test.Four failed both test all of which were identified as having red-green color deficiency.The Ishihara test is a highly sensitive test useful for jobs requiring identification of red-green colors.After testing with the Ishihara, failures can be required to undergo testing with the FM 100 to remove false positives.The FM test can be utilized for jobs requiring identification of colors in the whole color spectrum and in detecting blue-yellow deficiencies,The test can also be used for color normals in jobs requiring a superior degree of hue discrimination.
Human ; Male ; Adolescent ; CONGENITAL COLOR VISION

Methods: A retrospective review of pneumatic retinopexy procedures performed at the UP-PGH from January 1996 to December 2002 was undertaken. Seventeen cases were analyzed as to preoperative and intraoperative variables: age; sex; preoperative visual acuity; presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR); extent of retinal detachment; presence of macular detachment; presence, number, and type of lattice degeneration; previous cataract surgery; surgeon factor; and intraoperative use of cryotherapy. Two-tailed Fishers exact test and Chi square test were used in the analysis of statistical significance. Results: The following variables were shown to be significantly correlated with failure: eyes with breaks outside the 11-1 oclock meridians (p=0.02), eyes with less than or equal to 3 quadrants of retinal detachment (p=0.05), and preoperative visual acuity worse than 5/60 (p0.100). Conclusion: Failure in eyes with retinal breaks outside the 11-1 oclock meridians suggested poor patient compliance with regard to postoperative posture. In eyes with less than or equal to three quadrants of detachment, failure may ensue as a result of spillover of subretinal fluid to uninvolved quadrants. Future success with pneumatic retinopexy will rely ultimately on careful patient selection, surgeon familiarity with the technique, and patient cooperation.
Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; RETINAL DETACHMENT ; VITREORETINOPATHY, PROLIFERATIVE