Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Biofilms ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Flagella ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; cytology ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology

To investigate the function of STT3a gene in salt adaptation and flagellar regeneration of Dunaliella salina (D. salina), a pair of degenerate primers was designed according to conserved homologous amino acid sequences of VCVFTA and DVDYVL of STT3a from Chlamydomonas, Arabidopsis thaliana and other organisms. A cDNA sequence of 1 650 bp encoding a whole functional domain of STT3a was amplified from D. salina by RT-PCR and 3' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE), which shared homology with Chlamydomonas (48%), Arabidopsis thaliana (50%), Homo sapiens (46%), etc. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (real-time Q-PCR) demonstrated that the STT3a mRNAs from D. salina were induced by increased concentration of NaCl, and increased to 11-fold higher by 3.5 mol/L NaCl than that by 1.5 mol/L NaCl (P < 0.01). Also, STT3a mRNA of D. salina maintained at a higher level in the process of flagellar regeneration with than without experiencing deflagellar treatment. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that the high expression of the STT3a gene enhances the capability of salt adaptation and flagellar regeneration in D. salina.
Adaptation, Physiological ; physiology ; Arabidopsis ; enzymology ; Chlamydomonas ; enzymology ; Chlorophyta ; enzymology ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Flagella ; metabolism ; Hexosyltransferases ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sodium Chloride ; pharmacology

Five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and chicken immunoglobulin (IgY) were developed by immunizing with flagella purified from Listeria monocytogenes 4b and the five MAbs have been confirmed to be specific against three different epitopes of flagellin. The antibodies showed specific reaction to Listeria genus and no cross-reactivity with other bacteria tested in this experiment including E.coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enteritidis. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using the MAbs and IgY were developed to detect Listeria species and the sensitivity and specificity of the developed ELISA have been analyzed. The detection limit of ELISA using MAb 2B1 and HRP labeled IgY was 1 x105cells/0.1 ml at 22degrees C and 1x106 cells/0.1 ml at 30degrees C. ELISA using the pair of MAbs (MAbs 2B1 and HRP labeled MAbs 7A3) detected up to 104cells/0.1 ml at 22degrees C and 30degrees C. Detection limit of sandwich ELISA using IgY was 10 times lower than MAb pair. Using the developed ELISA, we could detect several Listeria contaminated in food samples after 48 h-culturing. In conclusion, both MAbs and IgY have been proved to be highly specific to detect Listeria flagella and the developed sandwich ELISA using these antibodies would be useful tool for screening Listeria spp. in food.
Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*chemistry ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, Bacterial/analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods ; Flagella/*genetics ; Food Microbiology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis ; Listeria/*classification/immunology/*isolation&purification ; Meat/microbiology ; Milk/microbiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Swine

One of the most widespread cellular organelles in nature is cilium, which is found in many unicellular and multicellular organisms. Formerly thought to be a mostly vestigial organelle, the cilium has been discovered in the past several decades to play critical motile and sensory roles involved in normal organogenesis during development. The role of cilia has also been implicated in an ever increasing array of seemingly unrelated human diseases, including blindness, kidney cysts, neural tube defects and obesity. In this article we review some of the recent developments in research on cilia, and how defects in ciliogenesis and function can give rise to developmental disorders and disease.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; pathology ; Animals ; Cerebellar Diseases ; genetics ; pathology ; Cilia ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Flagella ; physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; Protein Transport ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism